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CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 2 Networking Fundamentals
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Objectives
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Networking Devices
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Network TopologyPHYSICAL AND LOGICALMost common Logical Topologies are Broadcast & Token ring
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NETWORK PROTOCOLS
How physical network is built How computers connect to the network How data is formatted for transmission How data is sent How to deal with errors
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Network Protocols
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LOCAL AREA NETWORKSLAN components Computers NICs Peripheral devices Networking Media Networking devicesLAN Technologies Ethernet Token Ring FDDI
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Local-area Networks (LANs)
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Wide-area Networks (WANs)
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Data Networks
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SANsMoves data between Server and Storage resources.Allows high speed connectivity for Server to storage Server to server Storage to storage
PERFORMANCE-AVAILIBILITY-SCALABILITY
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Storage-Area Networks (SANS)
Performance – SANs enable concurrent access of disk or tape arrays by two or more servers at high speeds.
Availability – SANs have disaster tolerance built in, because data can be mirrored using a SAN up to 10 kilometers (km) or 6.2 miles away.
Scalability – Like a LAN/WAN, it can use a variety of technologies.
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Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)A private network constructed within a public network infrastructure.Using VPN, a Telecommuter can remotely access the network of company H/Qs.Through Internet secure Tunnel is built Between PC of Telecommuter and Router at Company H/Qs.VPNs offers secure, reliable over shared public network while maintaining same security and management policies as a private network.
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Intranet and Extranet VPN
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Importance of Bandwidth
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Bandwidth Pipe Analogy
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Bandwidth Highway Analogy
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Bandwidth Measurements
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Bandwidth Limitations
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Bandwidth > Throughput
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Digital Transfer Calculation
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EXAMPLE
Which would take less time?
1-Sending a floppy disk (1.44 MB) full of data over an ISDN BRI Line
OR2-Sending a 10GB hard drive full of data over an OC-48 line
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EXAMPLE ( Cont…..)
T = S/BW
1- S= 1.44 MB, BW=128 Kb
Thus time = 1.44 x 1000 K Bytes x 8 Bits / 128 Kbps
= 90 Seconds
2- S= 10 GB, BW= 2.488320 Gbps
Thus time = 10 G Bytes x 8 Bits/ 2.488320 Gbps
= 32.15 Seconds
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Using Layers to Describe Data Communication
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OSI Model
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OSI Layers
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OSI Layers
•Provides reliable transfer of data across media
•Provides physical/flat address
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OSI Layers
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OSI Layers
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OSI Layers
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OSI Layers
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OSI Layers
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Peer-to-Peer Communication
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TCP/IP Model
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Encapsulation
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Names for Data at Each Layer
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Summary