Section A

Bahagian A

[60 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Diagram 1 shows the process of determining the diameter of a ball bearing using a metre rule. Five identical ball bearings were placed side by side to measure the total length of their diameters.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan proses menentukan diameter satu alas bebola dengan menggunakan pembaris meter. Lima alas bebola diletakkan bersebelahan untuk mengukur jumlah panjang diameter semua alas bebola itu.

Diagram 1

Rajah 1

(a) What is the sensitivity of the metre rule?

Berapakah kepekaan pembaris meter itu?

0.1 cm

[1 mark]

[1markah]

(b) Based on Diagram 1;

Berdasarkan Rajah 1;

(i) What is the total length of the diameters of the five ball bearings?

Berapakah jumlah panjang diameter bagi kesemua lima alas bebola itu?

3.0 cm

[2 marks]

[2markah]

2

3 cm 4 cm 5 cm 6 cm

(ii) What is the diameter of one ball bearing?

Berapakah diameter bagi satu alas bebola?

Diameter of one ball bearing = 3.0 cm / 5

= 0.6 cm

[3 marks]

[3markah]

(b) Name another instrument which has higher sensitivity and give mean of sensitivity

Namakan satu alat pengukur yang mempunyai kepekaan yang lebih tinggi dan beri maksud kepekaan.

Micrometer screw gauge / Vernier calliper.

Sensitivity is the ability of an instrument to detect a very small changes.

[3 marks]

[3markah]

3

2 Diagram 2 shows a car moves from A to C and back to B.Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta sedang bergerak dari A ke C dan balik ke B.

(a) Name one physical quantity relating to the car’s position as it moves?Namakan satu kuantiti fizik yang berkaitan dengan kedudukan kereta semasa sedang bergerak?

Displacement [1mark]

[1markah](b) What is the type of the physical quantity that you state in (a)?

Tick the correct answer in the box provided.Apakah jenis kuantiti fizik yang dinyatakan di dalam (a).Tanda ( √ ) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

Scalar quantity (kuantiti skalar)

Vector quantity ( kuantiti vektor )

[1mark][1markah]

(c) If the car took 20 s to complete the motion, calculate the average velocity?Hitungkan halaju purata kereta itu jika dia mengambil masa 20 s untuk melengkapkan gerakan tersebut.

[2marks] [2markah]

4

Diagram 2Rajah 2

√

(d) Find the momentum if mass of the car is 1200kg? Cari momentum jika jisim kereta itu ialah 1200kg?

[2marks][2markah]

3 Diagram 3 shows a coin on a cardboard. A man pulled the cardboard quickly and observes the motion of the coin.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan sekeping duit syiling di atas sekeping kadbod. Seorang lelaki menarik kadbod tersebut dengan pantas dan memerhatikan gerakan duit syiling tersebut.

a) What happens to the coin when the man pulled the cardboard quickly? ExplainsApakah yang akan terjadi pada duit syiling tersebut apabila lelaki tersebut menarik kadbod dengan pantas?Terangkan

The coin will drops straight into the glass. The coin tends to remain at rest and resists motion .

[2 marks]

[2markah]

b) What is meant by inertia?Apakah maksud inersia?

Tendency of an object to remain at rest or of if moving to continue moving in a straight line

[2 marks]

[2markah]

c) State Newton’s First Law of motion.Nyatakan Hukum Newton yang pertama.

5

Every object continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion unless it is acted

upon by an external force. [2 marks]

d) What is the relationship between mass and inertia?Apakah perkaitan antara jisim dan inersia?

The larger the mass¸ the larger the inertia

[1 mark]

[1markah]

e) Give two ( 2) examples of inertia in everyday lifeBerikan dua (2) contoh inersia dalam kehidupan seharian

Chili sauce in the bottle / Drop of water on umbrella will falls when rotates / Passenger in a moving bus lurch forward when it stops immediately

[2 marks]

[2markah]

6

4 Diagram 4 shows a baseball player wearing a soft thick glove to catch a ball during a baseball match.Rajah 4 menunjukkan seorang pemain bola lisut memakai sarung tangan tebal yang

lembut untuk menangkap bola semasa pertandingan bola lisut.

a) What is meant by impulsive force?Apakah maksud daya impuls?

Rate of change of momentum[1 mark]

[1markah]

b) The ball of mass 0.15 kg moves with a velocity of 20 m s when it is hit. Calculate the impulsive force acting on the glove when the time of impact is 8.0 x 10 -2 s.Bola berjisim 0.15 kg bergerak dengan kelajuan 20 m s apabila dipukul. Hitungkan daya impuls yang bertindak ke atas sarung tangan jika masa tindakbalas 8.0 x 10-2 s.

7

[2 marks][2markah]

c) If another baseball player wears a hard glove to catch the ball, compareJika seorang lagi pemain bola lisut menggunakan sarung tangan yang keras untuk menangkap bola, bandingkan

(i) the force on the soft glove and on the hard glovedaya ke atas sarung tangan yang lembut dan sarung tangan yang keras

Force on the hard glove is greater compared to the force on the soft glove

[1 mark]

[1markah]

(ii) the changes of momentum for both playersperubahan momentum bagi kedua-dua pemain

The changes of momentum for both players are same[1 mark]

[1markah]

(iii) the time of impact of the ball on the soft glove and on the hard glovemasa pelanggaran antara bola dengan sarung tangan lembut dan bola dengan sarung tangan keras

Time of impact of the ball on the soft glove is longer than time of impact on hard glove

[1 mark]

[1markah]

d) Based on your answers in (c) (i) and (c) (iii), state the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of impact.Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c) (i) dan (b) (iii), nyatakan hubungan di antara daya yang terhasil di dalam pelanggaran dan masa pelanggaran.

The force produced in a collision is greater when time of impact is shorter

[2 marks]

[2markah]

8

5 Diagram 5 shows an aeroplane flying horizontally with a constant velocity. P and Q are two forces which maintain the aeroplane at constant altitude.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebuah kapalterbang sedang terbang dengan halaju malar. P dan Q adalah dua daya yang menetapkan kapalterbang tersebut pada ketinggian tetap.

(a). Name the forces P and R.Namakan daya-daya P dan R.

P: Lift

R: Drag[2 marks]

[2markah](b). What happens when forward thrust is greater than R?

Apakah yang berlaku sekiranya tujahan kehadapan lebih besar dari R?

The aeroplane accelerates forward[1 mark]

[1markah](c). What is the relationship between forces involved in the diagram when the

aeroplane accelerates at the same height?Apakah perkaitan antara daya-daya yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah apabila kapal terbang memecut pada ketinggian yang sama?

Lift and weight has equal forces (At same height)Thrust is greater than drag force (Accelerates)

[2 mark][2markah]

9

R

Weight Berat

6 Diagram 6 shows a construction worker accidentally knocks a brick from a building so that it falls vertically a distance of 100 m to the ground. Using g = 9.8 ms-

2 ,calculate

Rajah 6 menunjukkan seorang buruh binaan secara tidak sengaja menjatuhkan batu bata dari bangunan dan batu bata tersebut jatuh ke tanah pada jarak 100m. Dengan menggunakan nilai g = 9.8 ms-2 , hitung

Diagram 6

Rajah 6

a) The time the brick takes to fall the first 50 m?

[3 marks]b) The time the brick takes to reach the ground?

[3 marks]

10

moving downward

c) What is meant by gravitational force?Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya gravity?

Force that pulls an object towards each other[1 mark]

[1 markah]

d) What is the weight of the brick if its mass is 2 kg?Berapakah berat batu bata tersebut jika jisimnya 2kg?

[2 marks][2 markah]

(e)

Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1

By referring to the Diagram 6.1, give 4 examples how the driver is able to avoid serious injuries when the car stopped suddenly.Rujuk pada Rajah 6.1, beri 4 contoh bagaimana pemandu itu dapat mengelakkan kecederaan yang parah ketika kereta berhenti dengan tiba-tiba.

Wear safety seatbelt / Use antilock-braking system (ABS) / Use airbag / Place headrest on the driver’s seat / Use shatterproof windscreen

[4 marks][4 markah]

7 Diagram 7.1 shows the meniscus of water in a measuring cylinder. A, B and C

11

are three eye positions while measuring the volume of the mercury. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan meniskus bagi air dalam satu selinder penyukat. A, B dan C adalah tiga kedudukan mata semasa mengambil bacaan ispadu merkuri.

Diagram 7.1 Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.1 Rajah 7.2

(a) State the sensitivity of that measuring cylinder.Nyatakan kepekaan bagi selinder penyukat tersebut.

2 cm 3 [1 mark] [1markah]

(b) (i) From the diagram, which position of the eye is correct whilst taking the reading?Merujuk kepada rajah, kedudukan mata yang manakah adalah betul semasa mengambil bacaan?

X[1 mark] [1markah]

(ii) What is the volume of the water?Berapakah isipadu air tersebut?

32 cm 3 [1 mark]

[1markah]

12

QUESTION 7 (C)(LABELED)

(c) Use a ruler to draw the meniscus if 32 cm3 if the mercury is poured in the empty measuring cylinder.Gunakan pembaris unutk melukis meniskus jika 32 cm3merkuri dituang ke dalam selinder penyukat yang kosong

[2marks] [2 markah]

8 Diagram 8.1 shows a motorcycle driven by a snatch thief overtaking a police car at 4.00 p.m. The police car pursued the motorcycle.

Graph from Diagram 8.2 shows velocity against time graph for both vehicles.Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sebuah motosikal yang ditunggang oleh seorang peragut telah memotong sebuah kereta polis pada pukul 4.00 petang. Kereta polis kemudiannya mengekori motosikal itu. Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan graf halaju melawan masa bagi kedua-dua kenderaan tersebut.

Diagram 8.1Rajah 8.1

Diagram 8.2Rajah 8.2

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 8.2, state the type of motion for,Berdasarkan graf dalam rajah 8.2, nyatakan jenis gerakan bagi,

13

Police car

Velocity / ms-1

Halaju / ms-1

TimeWaktu

04.00 pm

30

35

4.01 pm 4.02pm

MotorcycleMotosikal

(i) MotorcycleMotosikalConstant velocity

[1 mark] [1markah]

(ii) Police carKereta polis

Accelerates constantly until 4.01 pm and then moves with constant velocity

[1 mark] [1markah]

(b) (i) What is the net force acting on the motorcycle? Berapakah daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas motosikal?

F = 0 N / kgms -2 [2 marks] [2markah]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 8(b)(i). Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda di 8(b)(i).

The motorcycle moves with constant velocity and zero acceleration. F= ma and a = 0 ms -2

[1 mark] [1markah]

14

Section B

QUESTION 9

a) (i) Consistency of an instrument is the ability of the instrument to produce consistent readings each time it is used to measure the same quantity.

(ii) Diagram 9a show reading for vernier clippers is 0.02cmDiagram 9b show reading for micrometer screw gauge is 6.53mm The thickness of coin can be obtained using vernier clippers by measured it using the external jaws part.The thickness of paper can be obtained using micrometer screw gauge by measure the thickness a bunch of paper than divide it into the number of paper.

b) Accuracy of a measurement is how near the measurement is to the actual value.Sensitivity of an instrument is the ability of the instrument to detect small changes in the quantity to be measured.measurement can be increased by taking a number of repeat readings to calculate the mean value of the reading. avoiding the end errors or zero errors. taking into account the zero and parallax errors. using more sensitive equipment such as a vernier caliper to replace a ruler.

c) i) Error: The difference reading between two measurementsii) How random errors caused

Random error refer to the inconsistency of the readings obtained when a measurement is repeated several times.The causes of random errors are such as follow: The experimenter being inconsistent while operating the instrument The quantity measured is not uniform (irregular wire will result the

irregular measurement Disturbances due to inconsistent external factors such as temperature and

pressure.

iii) How systematic errors causedSystematic error refers to the reading obtained in a measurement being shifted away from the true value. There is a defect in the measuring instrument. Wrong calibration of a

voltmeter.

15

The procedure used in the measurement is not appropriate. Length of pendulum should be measured when it is hung on the retort stand as the weight of the pendulum causes extension on the string.

iv) Effects of the error on the measurementRandom errors

The readings are not consistent when repeated.The readings are spread out statistically about a mean value.

This results in an uncertainty in the value measured and reduces the precision of the measurement.

Systematic errors

The values obtained will be either more or less than the true value by a certain amount

This will reduce the accuracy of the measurement.

v) Steps to reduce effect of errorsRandom Error Systematic Error

Measurement is repeated several times and an average value is taken

Statistical methods can be used to estimate the amount of uncertainty and this can be expressed a a percentage error.

Instruments must be checked carefully for defects from time to time and are immediately rectified if it exists.

The procedure used must also be critically evaluated and improved if a source of systematic error is suspected.

In certain cases such as zero error the amount of the systematic error can be estimated and correction can be made on the reading obtained by subtracting it from the reading obtained

Repeat measurements to find the average.Compensate for zero error of the instrument.Avoid parallax error while reading scales.

16

QUESTION 10

10 (a) Momentum is the product of mass and velocity

(b)Shape of the ball when hit

the wallVelocity after collision Time of impact

Round (Ball A) Rebounded with higher velocity

Shorter time of impact

Oval (Ball B) Rebounded with lower velocity

Longer time of impact

(i) When time of impact is longer, the impulsive force is smaller or

When time of impact is shorter, the impulsive force is greater(ii) When time of impact is shorter, the velocity after collision is greater or

When time of impact is longer, the velocity after collision is smaller

(c) A softball player moves his hand backwards while catching a fast moving ball in order to lengthen the time of impact and reduce the effects of impulsive force.

When time of impact is longer, the force produced will be smaller.The baseball player could prevent himself from injuries.

(d) 5 safety features in a car

1) Crumple zone: Easily crushed to increase the time interval of impact. The force of collision will be diverted away from the passenger’s compartment, keeping the passenger from injuries.

2) Antilock braking system (ABS): Prevents the car from skidding when the driver applies brakes.

3) Airbags: Help cushion the impact, reducing the momentum so that the force is less

4) Side impact bar : Absorbs impact to prevent damage to the car and longer the time of impact hence will reduce the impulsive force

5) Windscreen: Will not break into pieces easily. This will reduce injuries caused by the pieces of glass which scatter during collision

17

QUESTION 11

(a) Mass: The quantity of matter in an object(b) Vehicle M because

The Engine capacity is the maximum. More powerful Mass is average. Easy to climb the unpaved area compare to L Diesel because it produces more power, suitable for large vehicles. Cheaper

compare to petrol/gasoline. Diameter of the tyre is 600mm that is bigger compare to J, K and N. More stable

to climb the unpaved area.

(c) (i)

(ii) Distance travel = area under the graph

(iii) Acceleration =

18

Velocity , (m s-1)

Time (s)

5

0

20 50 65

QUESTION 12

12 (a) Speed is the rate of change of distance

(b) Momentum depends on mass and velocityThe larger the velocity, the larger the momentum will beInertia depends on mass / higher the mass, higher the inertiaIt is difficult to stop a moving lorry which is carrying a big load

(c) The types of brakes

- ABS is more effective than air brake - With ABS, the lorry can stop immediately & does not skid

The number of tires

- Two tires is a better choice- Provides better support

The number and size of the tanks

-5 small tanks with distributed mass will have smaller inertia.-This will reduces the inertial impact on each tank if the tanker stops suddenly

The distance between the trailer and the tractor

-Further distance prevents collision between the trailer & tractor

Tanker R is chosen because it has an ABS brake system, 5 small tanks & a longer distance between the trailer and the tractor

(d)(i) Acceleration of tanker

(ii) Force acting on tanker

19