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Safety Alert: Reduced Visual References Require Vigilance
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1,500 aviation accidents per year
Top Occurrence Categories
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Fatal accidents in GA personal flying sector, 2000-2011
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Safety Alerts
• General aviation on NTSB Most Wanted List
• Need to reduce GA accident rate
• Education, training, and risk management skills
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Safety Alerts
• Define a GA safety problem
• Provide statistics on the problem
• Provide examples of accidents
• Provide ways to prevent accidents
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Safety Alert Topics
• Aerodynamic stalls at low altitude
• Reduced-visual references
• Aircraft mechanical problems
• Pilots’ risk management
• Mechanics’ risk management
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Discussion of Accident Cases
• Completed cases: common causes, factors, and scenarios
• Used as educational tools• Not intended to admonish accident
pilots
• Intended to help other pilots learn
CFIT Accident:VFR into IMC
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WPR11FA078Perris, California
Accident Flight
• Aero Commander 680FL
• Mountainous terrain, daylight IMC
• Pilot was fatally injured
• Part 91, no flight plan
• Returning airplane to base after previous weather diversion
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Pilot
• 33,000+ total flight hours
• Airline transport pilot
• Instrument current
• Recent experience in accident airplane
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Weather
• No record of a weather briefing
• Departure: VFR
• En route: marginal VFR
• Precipitation in area of accident
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Accident Flight
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Accident Flight
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Accident Site
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Missed Opportunities
• Obtain a weather briefing
• Adhere to cancellation alternatives
• Resist external pressures to complete flight
• Act before situation becomes dangerous
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ASI Perspectives
• Make the right decisions at the right time
• If there’s doubt, reevaluate
• Never “go take a look”
• You never have to be anywhere when flying an airplane
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Spatial Disorientation:Dark Night VMC
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ERA11FA412Erwin, North Carolina
Accident Flight
• Cessna 182S
• Dark night VMC
• Pilot and passenger were returning home
• Radio contact lost about 25 minutes into flight
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Erwin
Columbus
Lost Comm
Meridian
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End of Civil Twilight
Erwin
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Runway 5
Accident Site
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Accident Site
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Pilot Experience
• No flights logged within 8 months of accident flight
• No recent flight review or instrument proficiency check
• Only 0.2 hours of night experience in last year
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Audio Panel
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Missed Opportunities
• Fully understand how to operate all onboard systems
• Divert flight after encountering abnormalities
• Terminate flight before nightfall
• Find airport with continuous night lighting, without disorientation hazard
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ASI Perspectives
• Balance risk vs. practicality
• Reduced visibility accidents are: • Often fatal
• Easily preventable
• No pilot is immune
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Spatial Disorientation:Day IMC
NYC08FA157Seale, Alabama
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Accident Flight
• Experimental-AB Vans RV-10
• Seale, Alabama
• Lebanon, Tennessee, to Eufaula, Alabama
• Pilot and passenger/builder fatally injured
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Accident Flight
• Airplane equipped with “glass cockpit” flight instruments
• Cross country flight to Sun ‘n Fun
• Approach flown in daylight IMC
• IFR flight plan
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Pilot
• 1,700 total flight hours
• Instrument current, 358 flight hours in actual IMC
• Majority of prior IFR experience in personal airplane, equipped with “conventional” instruments
• No flight experience in the accident airplane or type
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Pilot-Rated Passenger
• Private pilot, no instrument rating
• 68 flight hours in accident airplane
• Co-builder of accident airplane
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Weather
• Departure and en route: VMC
• Arrival area weather • 8 miles visibility
• 1,000-foot ceiling
• 4,500-foot cloud tops
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IMC
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ColumbusILS 6LOM
EufaulaVOR 18
FAF
Auburn
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ColumbusILS 6
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Missed Opportunities
• Declare an emergency
• Utilize ATC - additional resources will become available if emergency declared
• Climb into VMC
• Glass cockpit training
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ASI Perspectives
• Pilot-rated passenger familiar with the airplane, but would not have been familiar with flying an instrument approach
• Flight “legal,” but may not necessarily be advisable
• Glass cockpit does not guarantee additional levels of safety
• Read and learn from NTSB reports
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Summary
Safety Alert: “Reduced Visual References Require Vigilance”
• Accident summaries
• Links to educational resources
• “What can pilots do?”
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What can pilots do?
• Preflight planning
• Obtain weather briefing
• Don’t allow situation to become dangerous before acting
• Ask for help from ATC
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What can pilots do?
• Prepare for the challenges of night flight
• Be honest about skill limitations
• Plan ahead with alternatives
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What can pilots do?
• Understand how to use all aircraft systems
• Manage distractions
• Instrument flying proficiency
• IFR procedures
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