RUSSIA , one of the BRICS: past, present, future Eric Van Cauwenberge Former lecturer KATHO-HANTAL December 9 2013

Goede morgen - Welkom Bonjour - Bienvenue Good morning - Welcome Guten Morgen Willkommen J reggelt Isten hozott Dzie Dobri Witam Labas Rytas Sveiki atvyk Buenos das Bienvenidos - Welcome 14-12-2013 Eric Van Cauwenberge 2

Dobro Jutro Dobrodoli Bun dimineaa Si bine ati venit e Buon giorno e benvenuti ai tutti Dobr den - Vtejte Dobr de - Vitame vs Labdien - Laipni ldzam Gnaydin Hogeldiniz Bom dia - Boa vinda Hyv huomenta Tervetuloa - Welcome 14-12-2013 Eric Van Cauwenberge 3

Background some history (2) Introduction name (1) Maps (6) The Russian Federation (4) People (3) Government Profile (20) The president and his wife (12) The Presidential Executive Staff (2) FSB (2) Economic Profile (9) Welcome - Topics Eric Van Cauwenberge 4

Gazprom (11) Transneft (2) LUKoil (4) Rosneft (1) Pipelines (6) Russia and the EU (11) Corruption (11) Other slides (8) Sources (6) Welcome - Topics Eric Van Cauwenberge 5

Defeat of the Russian army in World War I led to the overthrow in 1917 of the 300-year old Romanov Dynasty The Communists under Vladimir Lenin seized power soon after and formed the USSR Josef Stalin (1928-53) strengthened Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades. Background - some history Eric Van Cauwenberge 6

General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into 15 independent republics the Soviet flag above the Kremlin was lowered for the last time (dec 25th) Background some history (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 7

Boris Yeltsin won the first democratic presidential elections in June 91. Re-elected in July 1996 Repeated confrontations with the legislature culminated in the dissolution of parliament (Sept 93) and a violent showdown the following month The powers of the executive were greatly increased by a new constitution (1993) Election in Dec 93 produced a new parliament dominated by anti-reformists The Russian Federation Eric Van Cauwenberge 8

Its conservative cast was strengthened by the election (Dec 95) Parliamentary elections in 99 and 2003 increased the influence of pro-government forces, easing the passage of reform legislation 2007 the Putin party takes a huge majority (2/3) V Putin was elected in March 2000 and re-elected in March 2004 A loyal ally, D Medvedev, won the presidential election in March 2008 The Russian Federation (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 9

Dec 2011 new parliamentary elections: United Russia won the elections (49.32% of the vote), 238 seats (52.88% of the Duma seats) majority much smaller Later there was a lot of protest against this results V Putin was elected as president (March 4-12) 63,60% of the votes - now for 6 years again protests The most funny independent candidate: Mikhail Prokhorov - a Russian billionaire, owner of the American basketball team the Brooklyn Nets The Russian Federation (4) Eric Van Cauwenberge 10

Conventional long form: Russian Federation Conventional short form: Russia - Former Russian Empire Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Introduction - Name Eric Van Cauwenberge 11

Map general map Eric Van Cauwenberge 12

Map general map Eric Van Cauwenberge 13

Map surrounding countries Eric Van Cauwenberge 14

Map in perspective Eric Van Cauwenberge 15

17.09.242 square kilometres - 9 time zones , making it the worlds largest country in terms of territory. Population of 142.500.482 (July 2013 est.) Capital: Moscow (10 million) largest city in Russia 1.8 times the size of the USA 10th in the ranking of the population number The Russian Federation (5) Eric Van Cauwenberge 16

Median age total: 38.8 years male: 35.8 years female: 41.8 years (2013 est.) Population growth rate - 0.02 % (2013 est.) - ranking 199th The population is shrinking by 700.000 people a year death rate is double the average for developed countries People Eric Van Cauwenberge 17

Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.85 years male: 64.04 years - female: 76.02 years (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 152 Total fertility rate 1.61 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 178 Death rate 13.97 deaths/1.000 population (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 10 People (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Infant mortality rate total: 7.19 deaths/1.000 live births country comparison to the world: 161 HIV/people living with HIV/aids 980.000 (2009 est.) - country comparison to the world: 11 Literacy (definition: age 15 and over can read and write) total population: 99.7% male: 99.6% - female: 99.6% People (2) 14-12-2013 Eric Van Cauwenberge 19

People (3) the problem of Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge 20

Government type federation Capital Moscow Administrative divisions 46 oblasts, 21 republics, 4 autonomous okrugs, 9 krays, 2 federal cities Government Profile Eric Van Cauwenberge 21

46 Oblasts to compare with a province 4 autonomous okrougs = districts - governor 21 autonomous republics - a president, parliament - a representative in the Duma 9 autonomous krays = territories 2 federal cities Each 2 representatives in the federation council Government Profile (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 22

Eric Van Cauwenberge 23

Federal Districts: federalnyje okroega (8) Government Profile (2) Eric Van Cauwenberge 24

1. Central Federal District (Moskou) 2. Southern Federal District 3. North-West Federal District 4. Far East Federal District 5. Siberian Federal District 6. Urals Federal District 7. Wolga Federal District 8. North Caucasian Federal District Government Profile (2bis) Eric Van Cauwenberge 25

Federal districts: federalnyje okroega All federal units are grouped under 8 districts Headed by the governor-general Nominated by the president - presidential decree Since May 13 2000 created by Putin to have more power on internal affairs (terrorism) To reassert federal authority Government Profile (3) Eric Van Cauwenberge 26

Independence 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday Russia Day, 12 June (1990) Constitution adopted 12 December 1993 Now 20 years Government Profile (4) Eric Van Cauwenberge 27

Legal system based on civil law system Suffrage 18 years of age universal Flag description three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red Government Profile (5) Eric Van Cauwenberge 28

Branches of power (6) Eric Van Cauwenberge 29

Executive branch Chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin Elected on March 4, 2012 (63.6 %) Elected for six years by the citizens on the basis of a general, equal and direct vote by secret ballot Government Profile (7) Eric Van Cauwenberge 30

Executive branch Prime minister: D Medvedev (former president) First deputy prime minister: Igor Shuvalov (since May 2008) Government Eric Van Cauwenberge

2012 - They changed of job Eric Van Cauwenberge 32

Executive branch Deputy prime ministers: A Dvorkovich ( 2012), Olga Golodets (2012), A Khloponin (2010), D Kozak (2008), D Rogozin (2011), S Prikhodko (May 2013), YuriyTrutnev (August 2013) Government Eric Van Cauwenberge 33

Executive branch Foreign affairs minister: Sergey Lavrov Finance minister: A Siluanov Defence minister: S Shoygu Chief of the Government Staff: S Prikhodko Government (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 34

Ensures a financial, credit and monetary policy, a policy in the area of culture, science, education, health, social welfare, ecology, and other spheres of social life. Is headed by the Prime Minister. It includes the deputy prime ministers and federal ministers. The Government includes federal structures and federal agencies The Presidential Executive Office: a special body to facilitate the Presidents constitutional role Head S Ivanov Government (2) Eric Van Cauwenberge 35

S Ivanov: chief of staff old friend of Putin siloviki connetion of Putin former FSB V Volodin: former deputy prime minister important for the party United Russia Alexey A Gromov : first deputy chief of staff - former diplomat former press attache of Putin The Presidential Executive Office Eric Van Cauwenberge

Most of them are from St Petersburg, all served in intelligence or counter-intelligence They have ties in the ministries (economy, transport, natural resources) the army, the tax police The political clout is backed by state compagnies with enormous financial resources Several KGB veterans occupy senior management posts in Gazprom and in Gazprombank The Presidential Executive Office (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 37

A very broad term: the security of the individual, society and the state in the face of both internal and external threats Involves priority areas: state security, public safety, socioeconomic security and security in the spheres of defence, information, the military and international affairs Secretary: Nikolai Patrushev (former head FSB) The Security Council (8) Eric Van Cauwenberge 38

Secretary: YuriyTrutnev The current State Council was established by the President on September 1, 2000. The council is an advisory body to the Head of State, which deals with issues of the highest importance to the state as a whole The Council is made up of the leaders (governors and presidents) of Russias constituent territories. Other persons may be appointed to the Council at the Presidents discretion The State Council (9) Eric Van Cauwenberge 39

Legislative branch Bi-cameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye: The Federation Council or Sovjet Federatsii Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma Government Profile (10) Eric Van Cauwenberge 40

Legislative branch: Federation Council 166 seats - two deputies from each subject of the Russian Federation - two from each of Russias 83 republics and regions chosen by regional governors and legislative bodies - Chairman: Valentina Matviyenko Task: "to strengthen federative model of the legal state self-determination of Russia, the unity of its political, social-economic and cultural space Government Profile (11) Eric Van Cauwenberge 41

Legislative branch State Duma Speaker Sergey Naryshkin 450 seats - elected from party lists in a single nationwide constituency on proportional basis (7 % of the vote) members elected for 4 years Elections - last held 4 December 2011 Is mainly a legislative body Government Profile (12) Eric Van Cauwenberge 42

Party % of votes United Russia 49.6 Communist Party 19.2 A Just Russia 13.2 Liberal Democratic Party 11,7 Total High turnout of 60% Seats 238 92 64 56 450 Government Profile - Duma (13) Eric Van Cauwenberge 43

Government Profile - Duma (13) Eric Van Cauwenberge 44

Protest after the elections Eric Van Cauwenberge 45

Elections are a joke Nemtsov & Ryzhkov Eric Van Cauwenberge 46

Putin 60 years old - Protest Eric Van Cauwenberge

Protest, one year, after the elections Eric Van Cauwenberge

The presidency: created in December 1993, when Boris Yeltsin's draft constitution won endorsement in a national referendum. Yeltsin was the first Russian president in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), one of the Soviet Unions fifteen republics. V Putin is now president http://eng.letters.kremlin.ru/send The President Eric Van Cauwenberge 49

Putin again president for 12 Y? Eric Van Cauwenberge

The position of the president is defined in Chapter 4 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. He is the head of state. He is the guarantor of the constitution, civil and human rights and freedoms. He should protect Russia's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. The President (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 51

He is able to issue decrees. He is commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He conducts the negotiations and signing of inter-national treaties to ensure Russias sovereignty. He is responsible for the national security agencies He represents Russia in international relations, conducts negotiations and signs international treaties and agreements. He is responsible for the annual budget. The President (2) Eric Van Cauwenberge 52

He may veto legislation after it has been passed by the federal legislature. He determines the composition of the government He is the chairman of the Security Council. His basic state policy guidelines is laid out in a key document, the annual address to the Federal Assembly. The President (3) Eric Van Cauwenberge 53

Born: October 7, 1952 in a workers family Graduated from Leningrad State University Law School (1975) 1996 Ph D in Economics Dissertation: Strategic Planning of Regional Raw Material Operations in a Market Economy. 1975 joined the KBG in charge of intelligence abroad The President (4) Eric Van Cauwenberge 54

Worked in Germany (Dresden) 90-91: advisor of the Leningrad City Council 91-96: chairman of the Committee for External Relations, St. Petersburg Mayors office 97-98: deputy head of Presidential Administration (protected by Chubais) The President (5) Eric Van Cauwenberge 55

98-99: director of Federal Security Service (FSB) 99 (August): secretary of security council 99-2000: prime minister 99 (December)-2000 (May) acting president 2000 (March) elected president 2004 (March) re-elected (70%) 2007 Named Time magazine's person of the year 2012 Re-elected for another 6 years The President (6) Eric Van Cauwenberge 56

The President (recent pictures) Eric Van Cauwenberge 57

The Putin family Eric Van Cauwenberge 58

The Putin family Eric Van Cauwenberge 59

Putin and the church Eric Van Cauwenberge

Federal Security Service (FSB) Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti Director Alexander Bortnikov Spent most of his life / career in St. Petersburg Closer to Medvedev than the Kremlin siloviki Native of Perm (1951) joined KBG in 1975 Married, has one son. Army General sine 2006 Graduated from the Leningrad Institute for Engineers of Railroad Transport FSB management Eric Van Cauwenberge 61

FSB Border Guard Service Director Vladimir Kulishov Eric Van Cauwenberge

Economy overview Russia's adopted a new oil-price-based fiscal rule in 2012 More flexible exchange rate policy Improved ability to deal with external shocks, including volatile oil prices Joined the World Trade Organization (2012) Sought to cement economic ties with countries in the former Soviet space through a Customs Union with Belarus, Kazakhstan and now Ukraine Economic Profile Eric Van Cauwenberge 63

Economy overview Has had difficulty attracting capital and has suffered large capital outflows in the past several years, leading to official programs to improve Russia's international rankings for its investment climate Russia's long-term challenges also include a shrinking workforce, intractable large- and small-scale corruption, and underinvestment in infrastructure New Russia-led economic bloc called the Eurasian Economic Union Economic Profile Eric Van Cauwenberge 64

GDP 2319,517 billion euros GDP - real growth rate: - 2011: 4,3% 2012: 3,4% 2013: 3,6% GDP - per capita 13.140 Euro's - 2011 rank 77th GDP - composition by sector Ranking: 7th economy of the world Economic Profile (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 65

Population below poverty line: 2.7% (2011) USA: 15.1% (2010 est.) Inflation rate: 5,3% (2012 est.) 149th ranked Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 7,9%, industry 27,4%, services 64,7% (2011) Unemployment rate: 5,7% (2012 est.) Average Salary: 19.433 rubles - 525 Russia is building pipelines to Europe but much of its own country has no gas or even plumbing Economic Profile (2) Eric Van Cauwenberge 66

Oil - production 10.37 million bbl/day (2012 est.) 1th Refined petroleum products - consumption 3.341 million bbl/day (2012 est.) 5th Oil - proved reserves 60 billion bbl (2012 est.) 8th Crude Oil exports 4.69 million bbl/day (2012 est.) 2th Economic Profile (3) Eric Van Cauwenberge 67

Natural gas - production 669.6 billion cu m (2011 est.) 2th Natural gas - exports 203.9 billion cu m (2011 est.) 2th Natural gas - proved reserves 47.57 trillion cu m (2012 est.) 2th Diamonds 35 million carats - worth $1.7 billion (2006) Economic Profile (4) Eric Van Cauwenberge 68

Exports 386.60 billion euro (2012 est.) 5th Exports commodities petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, metals, wood and wood products, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures Exports partners Netherlands 12.4%, China 6.4%, Italy 5.3%, Germany 4.5% (2012) Economy Profile (5) Eric Van Cauwenberge 69

Imports 123.89 billion euro (2012 est.) 16th Imports - commodities machinery, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, plastic, semi-finished metal products, meat, fruits and nuts, optical and medical instruments, iron, steel Imports - partners China 15.5%, Germany 9.5%, Ukraine 5.3% (2012) Economy Profile (6) Eric Van Cauwenberge 70

Russian GDP evolution (7) Eric Van Cauwenberge 71

Russia - the other brics grow GDP Eric Van Cauwenberge

Currency Russian ruble (RUR) Exchange rates Russian rubles per US dollar 32.35 (2013) - 31.32 (2012) - 30 (2010) - 31.74 (2009) - 24.853 (2008) 25.581 (2007) - 27.191 (2006) - 28.284 (2005), 28.814 (2004), 30.692 (2003) Governor Elvira Nabiullina Russian rubles per EURO 44.82 Economy Profile (8) Eric Van Cauwenberge 73

Some Russian banknotes (9) Eric Van Cauwenberge 74

Russian gas reserves (10) Eric Van Cauwenberge 75

Biggest employer of Russia (431.000) The world's largest company in terms of natural gas reserves 487 billion m3 sold in 2012 Supplies around 1/3 of Western Europes gas imports Russian state owns 50 % of the stocks Chain of pipelines: Blue Stream, European stream, North European gas pipeline Gazprom Viktor Zubkov +Alexy Miller Eric Van Cauwenberge 76

Gas sales (volume bcm) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Gas production (million tons) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Gas sales (million tons) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Gas sales volumes Europe (bm) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Gas sales volumes Europe (bm) Eric Van Cauwenberge

FSU: Former Sovjet Union countries Gas sales volumes abroad (bm) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Partners: E.ON, BASF, Wintershall Holding, Verbundnetz Gas and Siemens (Germany), GDF SUEZ, EDF and Total (France), Eni (Italy), Botas (Turkey), Fortum (Finland), Gasunie and GasTerra (the Netherlands), DONG Energy (Denmark), Statoil (Norway), OMV (Austria), CNPC and PetroChina (China), GAIL (India), MOL (Hungary), PGNiG (Poland), SPP (Slovakia), Srbijagas (Serbia), Bulgarian Energy Holding (Bulgaria), Kogas (Korea), Mitsui, Mitsubishi Corporation (Japan) and transnational Shell. Gazprom and partners (3) Eric Van Cauwenberge 83

Alexy Miller:Chairman of Gazprom's Management Committee Viktor Zukov Chairman of the Board of Directors, former First Deputy Prime Minister Gazprom meeting shareholders (4) Eric Van Cauwenberge 84

2012 results - Belgium consumed 16.9 billion m of imported natural gas. A Yanovsky, V Chizhov, A Medvedev, Al Romanov , A Kuznetsov, Director of Gazproms representative office in Kingdom of Belgium A new headquarter in Brussels Eric Van Cauwenberge

Winter Games 2014 Sochi will host the major quadrennial winter competitions. Several thousand sportsmen, coaches, journalists and over one million spectators from different parts of the world will come in winter 2014 Gazprom 2014 program envisaging construction and operation of sports, infrastructure and power facilities in Sochi A Miller took the torch Sochi winter games 14 Eric Van Cauwenberge

Nabucco Pipeline Gbor Bercsi Managing Director Eric Van Cauwenberge

Nabucco West in Hungary (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge

South Stream Pipeline Gazprom Eric Van Cauwenberge

South Stream different options Eric Van Cauwenberge 90

North Stream Pipeline - ready Eric Van Cauwenberge 91

Pipeline through Poland Eric Van Cauwenberge

Pipelines transporting gas Eric Van Cauwenberge

Transneft operates one of the largest networks of oil pipelines in the world The company moves crude oil through more than 70.000 km of pipeline Transneft operates a transportation network stretching across Eastern Europe and Asia. About 500 pump stations, and 934 tankers Capable of storing more than 20 million cu. meters of petroleum product. The company transports about 93% of the oil produced in Russia President Tokarev Petrovich Transneft Eric Van Cauwenberge 94

Transneft pipelines (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 95

One of the world's biggest companies - production of crude oil & gas and refining into petroleum products and petrochemicals. Leader on Russian and international markets in its core business - Employs 150.000 people Second largest public company in terms of proven oil and gas reserves - 2011-13.4 billion barrels of oil reserve Founded 1991 V Alekperov Merger of three former oil companies LUKoil Eric Van Cauwenberge 96

LUKOIL is one of the world's biggest companies for production of crude oil & gas - refining into petroleum products and petrochemicals - 0.8% of global oil reserves - 2.1% of global oil production -reserves 17.3 billion barrels of oil (2012) Leader on Russian and international markets in its core business - 16.3% of Russian oil production - 16.7% of Russian oil refining The 2nd largest non-state publicly traded oil company worldwide by proven reserves of hydrocarbons LUKoil Eric Van Cauwenberge

Every day millions of people in 30 countries of the world buy our products, and use those products to improve the quality of their lives 150,000 people workforce Proved The first Russian company to receive full listing on the London Stock Exchange Leader among Russian oil companies for openness and transparency Merger of 3 compagnies LUKoil Eric Van Cauwenberge

V Alekperov - President of "LUKOIL" Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, USA (filling stations) LUKoil Eric Van Cauwenberge 99

The leader of Russias petroleum industry - ranks among the worlds top publicly traded oil and gas companies The Company is primarily engaged in exploration and production of hydrocarbons, production of petroleum products and petrochemicals, and marketing of outputs The state holds 75.16% in the Company - 15% of shares are in free-float - Retail network covers 41 regions of the Russian Federation - Owns 50% of Ruhr Oel GmbH (refineries in Germany) Rosneft I Sechin (Chairman of Management Board) Eric Van Cauwenberge

Rosneft in the hands of a close friend Eric Van Cauwenberge

Meeting with the participants in the seventh ministerial meeting of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum. A gas exporting forum Eric Van Cauwenberge 102

Vladimir Putin's Big, Soviet Dream Eurasian Economic Community Eric Van Cauwenberge

Russia the Asiatic gasmarket (1) Eric Van Cauwenberge 104

The EU and Russia have a strong trade relationship Bilateral trade and investments continue to grow rapidly The EU has been a strong supporter of Russia's WTO membership since the very start of the process to the end of it Russia joined the World Trade Organisation (WTO) on 22 August 2012 - This accession is important for the EU Membership will give a major boost to further development of the economic relationship between the EU and Russia Russia and the EU Eric Van Cauwenberge

For the first time both entities will be bound by international standards for their mutual trade Russia 3th trading partner of the EU EU the 1st trading partner of Russia. EU exports to Russia - 2012: 122.5 billion EU imports from Russia - 2012: 196.8 billion Total trade in goods - 2012: 358 billion EU largest foreign investor in Russia investments 120 billion - Russian investments in the EU 42 billion (2010) Russia and the EU Eric Van Cauwenberge

Russia and the EU - goods Eric Van Cauwenberge

Russia and the EU - services Eric Van Cauwenberge

EU trade relations with Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge

EU countries and investments - Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge

EU import from Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge

EU export to Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge

EU Trade flows and balance, annual data 2003 - 2012 Eric Van Cauwenberge

Trade partners of Russia Eric Van Cauwenberge

According to economist Alexandra Kalinina, despite the improved score, corruption in Russia remains not a problem, but a business. Ordinary Russians describe the level has high or very high - Bribe of survival (Yukos) Independent experts maintain that corruption consumes as much of 25 percent of Russias GD - A World Bank report puts this figure at 48 percent Corruption has penetrated all levels of government and most other aspects of life in Russia Bribery + corruption have become endemic Eric Van Cauwenberge 115

the 2012 rankings of the other three BRIC countries are much better: Brazil (73rd place), China (80th place) and India (94th place). A notable worsening of this ranking for Russia from 90th place to 126th occurred at the beginning of Vladimir Putins second term as president a drop of 36 places in only one year. Among the crimes referred to as corruption practices are abuse of office, forgery by an official, illegal engagement in business activities, bribery etc. Bribery + corruption have become endemic Eric Van Cauwenberge 116

15% of Russians reported to have paid a bribe in the past 12 months The average bribe amounted to 9.000 Rubles in 2008: 23.000 Rubles in 2009: 61.000 Rubles in 2010: and 236.000 Rubles in 2011. In other words, the average bribe in 2011 was 26 times greater than the average bribe in 2008, many times the inflation rate for the same period (the Interior Ministrys Department for Combating Economic Crimes) Bribery + corruption have become endemic Eric Van Cauwenberge 117

The most corrupt spheres in Russia (in terms of household corruption) are healthcare, education, housing and communal services (services (Sergei Ivanov, the Kremlin chief of staff) In comparison, independent experts from RBC magazine name law-enforcement agencies (including the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate) as the most corrupt sphere in Russia, followed by healthcare, education, housing and communal services, and social security Bribery + corruption have become endemic Eric Van Cauwenberge 118

Rank 127/177 Index 36/100 Corruption Perceptions ranking Transparency International 2013 Eric Van Cauwenberge

19% strongly disagree 37% disagree - 70% strongly agree 38% agree - The extent institutions are perceived to be most affected by corruption-public Eric Van Cauwenberge

77% of the residents felt the political parties were corrupt 83% of the residents felt the parlement is corrupt 70% of the residents felt the army is corrupt 45% of the residents felt the NGOs are corrupt 59% of the residents felt the media are corrupt 40% of the residents felt the church institutions are corrupt 57% of the residents felt the business is corrupt 72% of the residents felt the education system is corrupt 84% of the residents felt the judicary is corrupt What does the public think about corruption? Eric Van Cauwenberge

75% of the residents felt the medical and health services are corrupt 89% of the residents felt the police is corrupt 92% of the residents felt that the public officials and civil servants are corrupt To what extent do you agree that ordinary people can make a difference in the fight against corruption? What does the public think about corruption? Eric Van Cauwenberge

Like the courts, the mass media are highly dependent on the government. The editorial policies of the Russias main TV channels (Channel One, VGTRK, NTV, etc.) as well as radio stations and newspapers are controlled by the Kremlin Even Russian Public Television, theoretically an autonomous institution, is dependent on the state, since the president appoints its general manager and board of directors Why corruption can florish in Russia? Eric Van Cauwenberge

Mikhail Lesin, Putins former information minister, as the new head of Gazprom-Media, Russias largestand de facto state-runmedia group, which incorporates several broadcast, print, and online outlets. Lesins return to a senior position is no less symbolic than that of Surkov and says a lot about the Kremlins plans for Russias few remaining uncensored media Putin and the media Eric Van Cauwenberge

Putin cartoon Eric Van Cauwenberge 125

1 4 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 Russia and the financial crisis Eric Van Cauwenberge 126

Some cartoons Eric Van Cauwenberge 127

Sometimes in prison and released A blog is difficult to stop anti-corruption site: Rospil United Russia the party of thieves and crooks is one of his sayings Called to protest against the fraude in the elections Maybe is able to unite the oppositon Jevgenija Tsjirikova enviromental activist is an ally Blog of Alaksy Navalny Eric Van Cauwenberge 128

Alaksy Navalny Eric Van Cauwenberge

Oligarch is a synonym of business magnate tycoon = a person who controls a large position of a particular industry Financed the re-election of Yeltsin in 1996 and get of lot of power Since July 2008, (financial news agency Bloomberg), Russia's wealthiest 25 individuals have collectively lost $230bn ( 181bn) Closely linked to the meltdown in Russia's stock market (RTS index - 71% value), due to the capital flight after Russia invaded Georgia Oligarchs Eric Van Cauwenberge 130

Traditionally an informal name for the heads of power ministries i.e. Ministry of Defence,Interior Affairs Name refers to a clan of former (KGB) and present members of security (FSB) or military services - They came to power during the Yeltsin years Significant increase in influence during Putin time (the inner circle Putins informal politburo) They neutralised alternative sources of influence: oligarchs, regional governors, the media, parliament, opposition parties and non-governmental organisations Siloviki power Eric Van Cauwenberge

The biggest annoyance of the Russians Eric Van Cauwenberge 132

Young Guard (Molodaya gvardiya) & Nashi Eric Van Cauwenberge 133

The CIA Factbook www.indexmundi.com www.russiaprofile.org http://news.bbc.co.uk/ National Institute for Public Policy Fairfax (VA) www.agentura.ru http://vladimirputin.4u.ru/ www.economist.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index http://stat.wto.org/CountryProfile/WSDBCountryPFView.as px?Language=E&Country=RU Sources Eric Van Cauwenberge 134

www.ceriseonline.be www.fas.org/irp/world/russia/fsb www.mosnews.com/mn-files - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki www.waytorussia.net http://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learningprogramme/erasmus_en.htm http://www.rferl.org/content/key-players-in-russias-newgovernment/24588318.html?s=1 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KSGI-11-001/EN/KS-GI-11-001-EN.PDF Sources Eric Van Cauwenberge 135

Different Belgian newpapers, magazines http://www.russiatoday.ru/en/politics/state/ www.infoplease.com/ipa http://www.englishpen.org/writersintranslation http://www.newtimes.ru/eng/persons.asp? http://www.tvradioworld.com/region3/rus/ http://www.electionworld.org/russia.htm http://www.theotherrussia.org/ http://ec.europa.eu/trade/creating-opportunities/bilateralrelations/countries/russia/ Sources Eric Van Cauwenberge 136

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/articles/L_Putina_eng.shtml http://mosnews.com/images/g/billioners.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_R ussia http://government.ru/eng/power/ Le Monde Diplomatique Saint Petersburg Times www.axisglobe.com RIA Novosty photo archives The Gardian photo archives Sources Eric Van Cauwenberge 137

http://eng.da-medvedev.ru/ http://eng.da-medvedev.ru/svetlana-medvedeva http://eng.special.kremlin.ru/state/administration http://www.council.gov.ru/eng/about/status/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin http://www.poetinblog.nl/2012/07/kremlin-dit-is-poetin.html http://www.transparency.org/country#RUS http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/politics-andsociety/aleksey-navalny/ Sources Eric Van Cauwenberge

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