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Chapter RocksSedimentary Rocks
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Origin of Sedimentary Rocks
• Sedimentary Rocks form when sediments become pressed or cemented together, or when minerals come out of mineral-rich solutions, or are left behind by evaporation.– Sediments: loose material such as rock fragments, mineral grains,
and bits of plant and animal remains that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Sedimentary Rock Formation
• Sedimentary rocks most often form as layers.
• Layers of sediments is deposited by wind or water and as time passes more sediments are deposited on top of that until that layer is now covered by another layer. It would be kind of like layering different colored sheets of paper. As you put more and more sheets of paper on top of the first one, the first sheets starts moving more towards the bottom of the stack.
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
• Sedimentary rocks are classified into 3 types.– Detrital
– Chemical
– Biochemical
Detrital Sedimentary Rocks• The word detrital comes from the Latin word detritus,
which means “to wear away”. Detrital rocks are made from the broken fragments of other rocks. These sediments are then compacted and cemented together.
• When rock is exposed to air or water it slowly starts to break down. This process which breaks rocks into smaller pieces, is called weathering.
• The weathering of rock into smaller pieces is what eventually makes up and forms a sedimentary rock. Detrital rocks are formed by two processes.– Compaction: pressure of upper layers compresses the lower
layers.– Cementation: when water soaks through the sediment layer,
dissolving minerals. These dissolved minerals make a kind of cement paste which then glues other pieces of sediment together.
