LIFE OF JOSE PROTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA

Jose Rizal Life, Works, and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National Hero

FAMILY BACKGROUND

PARENTS Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro (1818-1898) Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos

SIBLINGS Saturnina (1850-1913) Paciano (1851-1931) Narcisa (1852-1913) Olympia (1855-1887) Lucia (1857-1919) Maria (1859-1945) Jose (1861-1896) Concepcion (1862-1865) Josefa (1865-1945) Trinidad (1868-1945) Soledad (1970-1929)

IMMEDIATE FAMILY

FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL TEODORA ALONSO

Studied Latin & Philosophy at the College of San Jose Manila

Describe by Jose Rizal as “model of fathers”

A successful farmer He loved books An excellent model for José Rizal

that molded him up into a man of honor

Understood the world of humanity which furnished him with greater respect for other people, and greater respect to the dignity of labor

Born in Meisik, Sta. Cruz Manila Talented and remarkable woman Temperament of the Poet and

dreamer and bravery for sacrifice

His first teacher Inculcated the value of

knowledge and education to the young Jose

A good Mathematician and Manager of business of the Rizal family

EARLY INFLUENCES

His mother encourage him to express his ideas and sentiments in verse.

“The Story of the Moth” about the mother moth warning its offspring of the danger of fluttering to close to flame. The little moth did not heed the advice, thus it was burned by the flame. Gave him the moral lesson that if one must succeed, he must take risks and prepare for the worst consequences. Without courage, there will be no glory.

JOSÉ POTASIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA

Born: June 19, 1861 in CalambaDied: Dec. 30, 1896 in Manila

BIRTH AND EARLY CHILDHOOD

In Calamba, Laguna 1869 – “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” June 19, 1861 - birth June 22, 1861 - baptized 1864 – learned the alphabet from his mother 1865 – his sister Conception (8th child) died at the age of

three 1865-1867 his mother taught him how to read and write

Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin Uncle Manuel Alberto – taught the latter love for the nature Uncle Gregorio – instilled love for education Usman – Rizal’s dog

IN BIÑAN, LAGUNA

1870 – his brother Paciano brought Rizal to Biñan, Laguna

Justiano Aquino Cruz – taught Rizal Latin and Spanish

Juancho Carrera – taught him the art of painting

December 17, 1870 – Rizal returned to Calamba after he finished his studies in Biñan

BACK IN CALAMBA

1871 - his mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the wife of Jose Alberto

1872 – Cavite Mutiny on January 20, 1872; his father forbid the words:

Cavite Burgos Cavite

EARLY EDUCATIONIn Calamba and Laguna

IN BIÑAN

At he age of 3, Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother

At the age of 5, while learning to read and write, Rizal already showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay.

At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem, “Sa Aking Mga Kababata”, the theme of which revolves on the love of one’s language.

Rizal’s parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second. Maestro Lucas Padua.

Later on a man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s father became his tutor. This teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed Rizal in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately. He did not live long. He died five months later.

FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL

Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal, who was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with the teacher, challenged Pedro to a fight. Rizal having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.

After class, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an arm – wrestling match. Rizal having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.

Best student in School In academic studies, Rizal beat all

Binan boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.

They were all jealous of his intellectual superiority that they wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Rizal had a fight outside the school, and even told lies to discredit him before the teacher’s eyes. Consequently the teacher had to punish Rizal.

He received many whippings and strokes from ferule. Rare was the day when he was not stretched on the bench for a whipping or punished with five or six blows on the open palm.

STUDIES IN THE PHILIPPINES IN UST

Got low grades Studied Philosophy and Letters Study medicine (ophthalmology) - did not complete

Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher learning because;

1) The Dominican professors were hostile to him2) The Filipino students were racially discriminated against

by the Spaniards3) The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive

IN ATENEO

Got excellent grades Studied bachelor of arts in 1877 Graduated as one of sobresaliente First professor was Fr. Jose Bech Rizal was a member of the academy of Spanish Literature

and the Academy of Natural Sciences. Wrote his first poem Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First

Inspiration) which was dedicated to his mother on her birthday.

He also wrote Through Education our Motherland Receives Light and The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education which showed the importance of religion in education.

EDUCATION IN EUROPE

Traveled alone to Europe Madrid in May 1882 Continued his studies in Medicine at the Universidad de

Madrid Degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1884 Degree of Philosophy and Letters in 1885 University of Paris (France) University of Heidelberg (Germany) Earned a second doctorate Inducted as a member of the Berlin Ethnological Society

and the Berlin Anthropological Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist Rodulf Virchow

UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG

25 year old Rizal completed in 1887 his eye specialization under the renowned Prof. Otto Becker in Heidelberg

Left Heidelberg a poem, “A La Flores del Heidelberg”, both an evocation and a prayer for the welfare of his native land and the unification of common values between East and West

RIZAL’S LIFE IN EUROPE

Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years He could converse in ore than 10 different

tongues Excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture,

painting teaching, anthropology, and journalism, among other things

During his European sojoum, he also began to write novels. Rizal finished his first book, Noli Me Tangere, while living in Wilhemsfeld with the Reverend Karl Ullmer

FIRST HOMECOMING

(1887-1888)

DECISION TO RETURN HOME

To operate on his mother’s eye To serve his people who had long been

oppressed by Spanish tyrants To find out for himself how the Noli and

other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines

To inquire why Leonora Rivera remained silent

ARRIVAL IN MANILA

August 5- the Haipong arrived in Manila. Rizal went ashore with a happy heart for he once more trod his beloved native soil. He stayed in the city for a short time to visit his friends. He found Manila the same as when he left it five years ago.

HAPPY HOMECOMING

August 8- 1887 he returned to Calamba. His family welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of joy.In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His first patient was his mother, who was almost blind. He treated her eyes, but not performed any surgical operation because her eyes cataracts were not yet ripe. News of the arrival of a great doctor from Germany spread far and wide. Patients from Manila and the provinces flocked to Calamba. Rizal, who came to be called "Doctor Uliman" because he came from Germany, treated their ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice. His professional fees were reasonable, even gratis to the poor. Within a few months, he was able to earn P900 as a physician. By February, 1888, he earned a total of P5 000 as medical Fees.

STORM OVER THE NOLI

A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal received a letter from Governor General Emilio Terrero requesting him to come to Malacañan Palace. Somebody has whispered to the Governor's ear that the Noli contained subversive ideas.

RIZAL AND TAVIEL DE ANDRADE

While the storm over the Noli was raging in Fury, Rizal was not molested in Calamba. This is due to Governor General Terrero's generosity in assigning a bodyguard to him. Between this Spanish bodyguard, Lt. Jose Taviel De Andrade, and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed.What marred Rizal's happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were:The death of his older sister, OlimpiaThe groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was "a German Spy, an agent of Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc."

CALAMBA'S AGRARIAN TROUBLE

Governor General Terrero, influenced by certain facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever iniquities might have been present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations. One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda which the Dominican Order owed since 1883. In compliance with the Governor General's orders, dated December 30, 1887.The Civil Governor of Laguna. Province directed the municipal authorities of Calamba to investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.

A POEM TO LIPA

In the few stanzas Rizal extols man's labor and industry, singing, "Praise to labor / of the country wealth and vigor." He exhorts the youth to follow in the footsteps of their industrious elders and thus be worthy of them, for "Incense does not honor the dear / As does a son with glory and valor."A close reading of the poem will reveal to us that Hymn to Labor was Rizal's way of commending man's labor and industry and extolling the country's wealth and vigor. For him labor plays a vital role in keeping up the dignity of a man for it is work that sustains a man, the motherland, family and the home. Thus, he considered labor as the country's blood, health and life.

FAREWELL TO CALAMBA

Rizal's exposure of the deplorable conditions of tenancy in Calamba infuriated further his enemies. The friars exerted pressure on Malacañan Palace to eliminate him. They asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused because there was no valid charge against Rizal in the court. Anonymous threats against Rizal's life were received by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and friends (including lt. Taviel de Andrade) advised him to go away, for his life was in danger.

JOSE RIZAL’S TRIP TO HONG KONG AND MACAU

Rizal living the Philippines for the second time

Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced lo leave his country for the second time in 1888

He was 27 years old, a practicing physician, a recognized man of letters

After six months of staying in the Philippines Rizal left via streamer Zapiro bound for Hong Kong

RIZAL STAYED AT VICTORIA HOTEL

He met Jose Maria Basa Balbino Mauricio Manuel Yriarte

(son of alcalde mayor in calamba)

HONG KONG

According to Rizal in his letter to Bluemenritt, is a small, but very clean city

Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and Jews

There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas Islands since 1872, they were former financiers and rich but now poor, gentle and timid

A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, shadowed Rizal's movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authoroties to spy on Rizal

MACAU

A Portuguese colony near in Hong Kong Rizal together with Basa boarded a

ferry named Kiu-Kang going to macau

he was surprised to see among the passengers a familiar figure- Jose Sainz de Varanda

Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- a Filipino gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his days cultivating plants and flowers

Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two days while they were in Macau

DEPARTURE FROM HONG KONG

February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong oceanic - an American steamer, his

destination was Japan he did not like the meals on board, but

he liked the ship because it was clean and efficiently managed

his cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who had lives in china for 27 years. Rizal called "a good man"

RIZAL’S LOVELIFE

Segunda Katigbak Leonor Valenzuela Leonor Rivera Consuelo Ortiga O-Sei San Gertrude Beckette Nelly Boustead Suzanne Jacoby Josephine Bracken

POEMS OF JOSÉ RIZAL

Sa Aking mga Kabata (written by Rizal at the age of 8, dealing with the theme of love for one’s language)

To the Virgin Mary Education Gives Luster to the Motherland To Josephine To the Philippines Youth Song of Maria Clara A Poem that has No Title Kundiman Hymn to Labor Memories of my Town Our Mother Tongue To the Philippines Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Goodbye – last poem written by Rizal)

“Farewell, my adored Land, region of the sun caressed,

Pearl of the Orient Sea, our Eden lost, With gladness I give you my Life, sad and

repressed; And were it more brilliant, more fresh and at

its best, I would still give it to you for your welfare at

most.” – from Mi Ultimo Adios by José Rizal

JOSE RIZAL: PERSECUTION AND EXILE IN DAPITAN

Jose Rizal's arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become very sensational among the Filipinos

July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila

July 31, 1896, Dapitan became the bare witness to one of the most fruitful periods in Rizal's life

His skill was put into test in August 1893 when his mother, Doña Teodora Alonzo, was placed under ophthalmic surgery for the third time