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Revision questions 2.2. Water -1-
Understandings, Applications and Skills
Understandings:• Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them.• Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and
solvent properties of water.• Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Applications and skills:• Application: Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those of
methane.• Application: Use of water as a coolant in sweat.• Application: Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen
and sodium chloride in blood in relation to their solubility in water
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -2-
Water molecules are polar and hydrogen bonds form between them.
1. Draw the configuration of a water molecule. Indicate:(a)the sharing of electrons among the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms. (b)the unequal sharing of the pair of electrons among the two different atoms. (c) the partial positive (+δ) and negative (-δ) charges.
2. Explain why the water molecule is a polar molecule.
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3. Draw 5 molecules of water and the hydrogen bonds/intermolecular forces between them.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -3-
4. Hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular forces. However, they are responsible for the unique properties of water. Explain why:
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Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water.
5. Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -4-……………………………………………………………………………………
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6. Explain the formation of droplets on the leaf blade. Use your prior knowledge on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Water_Droplet_On_Leaf.jpg
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -5-
7. Explain how certain species of insects may walk on the surface of water.
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/10/31/article-0-15C86345000005DC-688_634x423.jpg
Revision questions 2.2. Water -6-……………………………………………………………………………………
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -7-
8. The image above demonstrates the movement of water molecule int the xylem vessels during transpiration. Outline which intermolecular forces contribute to this movement.
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9.Define:
(a) specific heat capacity
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(b) latent heat of evaporation
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -8-……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Explain why water has a high specific heat capacity and outline is biological significance.
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11. Explain why water has a high latent heat of evaporation and its biological significance.
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -9-
Use of water as a coolant in sweat.
http://i3.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article1294293.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/CS27845111New%20York%20New%20York.jpg
12. Explain how the production of sweat during exercise may aid in the release of the heat produced and cool the body.
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13. Stress may also lead to sweating. Outline the effect of the hormone adrenaline.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -10-
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Hydrogen bonding and dipolarity explain the cohesive, adhesive, thermal and solvent properties of water.
14. Explain why water is an excellent solvent and outline its biological significance.
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Modes of transport of glucose, amino acids, cholesterol, fats, oxygen and sodium chloride in blood in relation to their solubility in water
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -11-
15. Using information from the image below outline how sodium chloride is transferred in the blood plasma.
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16. Using information from the image below outline how glucose is transferred in the blood plasma.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
http://figures.boundless-cdn.com/18526/full/figure-02-02-03.jpeg
Revision questions 2.2. Water -12-
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
http://www.metallacycle.com/chemistry/aqueous-solutions/solvation-models/img/glucose-solvation.png
Revision questions 2.2. Water -13-
17. Using information from the image below explain why amino acids are called zwitterions and how this affects their solubility in water. ……………………………………………………………………………………
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18. Outline which factors affect the solubility of oxygen in the blood plasma
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/devino_glycine3forms.png
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19. Outline the role of hemoglobin in the transfer of oxygen
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20. Draw a lipoprotein complex and explain its role in the transfer of cholesterol and fats.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -15-
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -16-
Application: Comparison of the thermal properties of water with those of methane.
21. Compar the properties of water and methane by filling in the table. Explain why the two molecules have different properties.
Molecule structurehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
thumb/1/1c/Water_molecule_3D.svg/2000px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/3D_methane.PNG/200px-3D_methane.PNG
Formula
Molecular mass
Density
Specific heat capacity
Polarity
Latent heat of vaporisation
Melting point
Boiling point
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -17-
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Substances can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
22. Distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances and provide examples.
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Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
Revision questions 2.2. Water -18-
References:
Allott, Andrew. Biology: Course Companion. S.l.: Oxford UP, 2014. Print.
Dr. Miltiadis Kitsos, DP Biology, Platon School, mailto:[email protected]; http://www.stepsinbiology.com
