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A look at responding to equity challenges in higher education, targeted especially at institutions working with e- and distance learning. The presentation frames the equity challenge as an innovation challenge, and asks universities how they can use technology to improve the situation.
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Responding to Equity Challenges in Higher Education
Some innovations in a lifelong learning perspective
Anthony F. Camilleri EDEN Annual Conference 2012Porto, Portugal – June 2012
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Our aspiration
„We share the societal aspiration that the student body entering,
participating in and completing higher education at all levels should reflect
the diversity of our populations“
London Ministerial Communique
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the aspiration visualised?
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Vision of a Better future
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The facts
The EQUNET 2011 report found that access across the EHEA is inequitable.
Countries so wide divergences on:- gender balance- net entry rates- entry via alternative routes- participation based on
occupational / educational background
- income gap of students- Ratios of foreign students
Lower socioeconomic backgrounds are:- less likely to attend Higher
Education- likely to choose different courses of
study- more likely to work during studies- far less likely to have a mobility
experience
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How realistic?
„we commit to securing the highest .
level of public funding for higher education „
possible
Do you think ‚equity‘ funding is crisis proof?
Bucharest Ministerial Declaration
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Solutions on Offer by Ministries
• Provide adequate support to underrepresented groups
• Promote flexible learning pathways / RPL
• Involve students as active participants in their own learning
• Higher Education should be an open process
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55-64 45-54 35-44 25-340
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
First stage secondaryLinear (First stage secondary)TertiaryLinear (Tertiary)
1970-1980 2000-2010
2125
Current approaches are incrementalist
Projection of percentage of students entering higher education based on father‘s education
point of equity
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Failure of CurrentApproach
Vision of a Better future
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The Consequences of an Equity Gap
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PARIS 2005
London 2011
Barcelona 2012
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Financial consequences
• Net private loss: $150,000• Net public loss: $100,000
per student not attending HE
A solution to anaemic growth?
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Labour consequences
The ‚knowledge-society‘is understaffed
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Failure of CurrentApproach
Vision of a Better future
Incentive tochange
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Innovating the
Social Dimension
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innovation - the OU model
result:
• Currently 260000+ students• 70% are able to work during studies, 5%
are disabled
access
Remove Entry Requirements
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innovation – open textbooks
• Average spent by US student on textbooks per year $981
• Approx cost to produce textbook: $120000 - $150000 (estimates flat-world knowledge)
• SB 1052 / 1053 (California) will create open source textbooks, free or $20 hardcopy
• Estimated savings (overall): up to $ 1 billion
Create licence-free textbooks
participation
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innovation – OERu
• 15 anchor universities, supported by UNESCO and CoL
• First pilots are underway right now
Credentialise Open Learning
completion
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innovation - MOOCs
• Piloted by Stanford ‚Intro to AI‘ – 100000+ students
• MITx – limited certification for MOOC including virtual lab-work
• EDx – MIT + Harvard $60 million investment
automate reproducable teaching
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Education is changing....
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unbundling: a vision flexibility
Credit: OERTestwww.oer-europe.net
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social entrepreneurship: education
• 55000 social enterprises in the UK – generating 27 billion GBP per year (2005)
• 15% of the market is in education• approx. equivalent to total yearly
spend on HE of Austria
'a social enterprise is a business with primarily social objectives whose surpluses are principally reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community, rather than being driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners' (UK DTI, 2002).
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Failure of CurrentApproach
Vision of a Better future
Incentive tochange
Tools areavailable
A formula for:
DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION
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What else can we do?
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Open Education means
Increased accessIncreased participationIncreased completion
at lower costand Higher Quality
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HEIs can take the lead
must
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How?
Admit Failurethe status quo isn‘t working
Reward Ideaswherever they come from
science / stakeholders
Release Nowstop waiting for data
Iteratefind out what works through experience
Innovate
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Washing one's hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral.
Paulo Freire
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Thank-You for Your Attention
Responding to Equity Challenges in Higher Education
Anthony F. [email protected]
Presentation available from:
http://www.slideshare.net/anthonycamilleri
Feedback is welcome!
