SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE

METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWING (ARC 60305)

JANUARY – MARCH 2017

i

DECLARATION

This report is prepared and submitted for the module Methods of

Documentation and Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) by the School of

Architecture, Building and Design of Taylor’s University for the program,

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture to School of Architecture,

Building and Design of Taylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for

Practicum 1.

Name of Building: Geographer Café

Address of Building: 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat, 75200 Melaka, Malaysia.

Tutor: Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain

Prepared by:

Sukeshshef Ramachandram 0327162

Alexandra Go 0325342

Yong Man Kit 0319778

Kiu Ngin Pern 0322084

Lu Chiao Er 0326947

Wong Cho Mun 0322723

Yang Jing Loo 0323066

Ong Shi Hui 0320303

Tay Jing Heng 0325230

Leemul Dev Nathoo 0326878

Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun 0319353

Sara Wee Qing Teng 0322469

Quah Keng Yew 0322893

Louis Stanley De Rozario 0327136

Low Wing Chun 0323315

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest appreciation and gratitude to all

those who has aided us and thus allowing us to complete this project,

including but not limited to:

Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our dedicated tutor, who has guided us through

the project by giving us invaluable advices while constantly inspiring us

to challenge ourselves to soar to greater heights.

Dr. Nor Hayati Hussain, the coordinator of this module, who has invested

her effort in guiding all of us to achieve our goal.

Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café, who has granted us

access to measure the cafe and giving us a detailed history and aim of

Geographer Café.

Mr. Chan, the floor manager of the Geographer Café, who has given

us the liberty to proceed with our work despite knowing that our work

would be of inconvenience to the customers and staff of the cafe.

Last but not least, a special thanks to all the members of our group, for

their dedication and perseverance. Without them, this project will not

be completed.

Figure 1: A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer Café, Mr.

Chan, the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor

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ABSTRACT

The Geographer Café proudly holds the title of being one of the many

paramount landmarks in Melaka. Sitting in the heart of Jonker Street,

this cafe has played a vital role in the birth of Jonker Walk, the Chinatown

Street of Melaka. Dating back to the early 19th century, the cafe first

operated as Mei Jing Kopitiam. The building has undergone a major

renovation in the 1999 with the notion of conservation, retaining its

original architectural elements & design. Winning of multiple awards, the

building still caters to patrons and proves to be more successful than

ever.

Geographer Café was the site given to us to conduct our measurement

analysis and research to complete the Methods of Documentation and

Measured Drawings (ARC 60305) module. This project is to introduce

us to several methods of documenting historical structures to preserve

an accurate record of historical properties that can be used in research

and other preservation activities. We have investigated the history,

background and unique architectural elements of Geographer Café and

the building itself.

The five productive days spent nurtured our appreciation and curiosity

as we completed our measuring activity. The collective documentation

is then synced with extensive research to understand the historical and

cultural context. With the best of our abilities, we have compiled and

translated our findings in the form of a report, photobook, video and a

set of measured drawings.

Through this project, we were able to learn about the methods and

importance of measuring and documenting buildings in effort to

conserve it. We were also able to learn about the importance of tracing

back a building’s original appearance and keep a record of it for future

references.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Declaration i

Acknowledgement ii

Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Figures and Diagrams vi

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Aim and objectives 2

1.2 Introduction of Research 3

1.3 Instruments and Tools Used 4

1.4 Limitations 8

1.5 Methods of Documentation 11

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT

2.1 History of Melaka 15

2.2 History of Jonker Street 22

2.3 History of Geographer Café 24

2.4 Timeline of Events 27

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street 31

3.2 Current Geographer Café 32

4.0 DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Designer’s Information 35

4.2 Modifications to the Building 36

5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka 62

5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture 67

5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Café 68

6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION

6.1 Spatial layout and function 73

6.2 Classification of Space 76

6.3 Circulation 81

6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces 85

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6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior 86

Spaces

7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

7.1 Windows 88

7.2 Doors 90

7.3 Awnings 91

7.4 Air well 92

7.5 Arcade 93

7.6 Staircase 94

7.7 Ornaments 95

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION

AND MATERIALS

8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction 99

8.2 Wall Construction 107

8.3 Roof Construction 108

8.4 Construction Materials 109

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION

9.1 Stains 118

9.2 Rusts 120

9.3 Peeling Paint 121

9.4 Fading Colours 122

9.5 Cracks 123

10.0 CONCLUSION

10.1 Historical Significance 125

10.2 Cultural Significance 126

10.3 Reflections 127

11.0 REFERENCES 129

12.0 APPENDIX

12.1 Photo Book 135

12.2 Scaled Drawings 169

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES PAGES

Figure 1: A group photo with Mr. Peter, the owner of Geographer Café, Mr. Chan, ii

the floor manager and Ms. Delliya Mohd Zain, our tutor

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Figure 1.1: Measurements are recorded and mindful observations are noted regarding 2

the condition and materials in Geographer Café

Figure 1.2: Laser measuring device used in the measuring process 4

Figure 1.3: 10m pocket measuring tape 5

Figure 1.4: 30m long distance tape 5

Figure 1.5: DSLR camera 5

Figure 1.6: Camera tripod 5

Figure 1.7: Fiberglass ladder 6

Figure 1.8: A3 wooden clipboard 6

Figure 1.9: Butter papers with sketches 7

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Figure 1.10: Geographer Café packed with customers in the afternoon 8

Figure 1.11: Geographer Café is filled with decorations and furniture 9

Figure 1.12: Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café everyday 10

Figure 1.13: An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of Geographer Café 12

Figure 1.14: Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of Geographer Café 12

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT

Figure 2.1: Map of West Peninsular Malaysia 15

Figure 2.2: Map of Melaka 15

Figure 2.3: Map of Melaka in 1613 17

Figure 2.4: Map of Melaka in 1753 17

Figure 2.5: Map of Melaka in 1916 18

Figure 2.6: Map of Melaka in 1987 19

Figure 2.7 Logo of UNESCO 19

Figure 2.8: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning 20

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Figure 2.9: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area 21

Figure 2.10: Map of Jonker Street 22

Figure 2.11: Jonker Street in the 50’s 22

Figure 2.12: Current Jonker Street 22

Figure 2.13: House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street 23

Figure 2.14: Jonker Street during the Dutch period 23

Figure 2.15: Present day Jonker Street 23

Figure 2.16: Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994 24

Figure 2.17: Geographer Café in 2017 24

Figure 2.18: 2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19 25

different colours, each one compliments the other.

Figure 2.19: Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro 25

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Figure 3.1: Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened 31

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Figure 3.2: Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing 32

Figure 3.3: Geographer cafe in the night packed with people 32

Figure 3.4: Tourists walking around in Jonker Street 33

Figure 3.5: Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend 33

4.0 DEVELOPEMENT

Figure 4.1: PAM award won by Geographer Café 35

Figure 4.2: Lot 83 before renovation 36

Figure 4.3: Lot 83 after renovation 36

Figure 4.4: Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation 37

Figure 4.5: Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation 37

Figure 4.6: Columns of lot 83 before renovation 38

Figure 4.7: Columns of lot 83 after renovation 38

Figure 4.8: Awnings of lot 83 before renovation 39

Figure 4.9: Awnings of lot 83 after renovation 39

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Figure 4.10: Kitchen exterior before renovation 40

Figure 4.11: Kitchen exterior after renovation 40

Figure 4.12: Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation 41

Figure 4.13: A balcony was extended outwards after renovation 41

Figure 4.14: The walls of lot 83 before renovation 42

Figure 4.15: Parts of the wall is removed after renovation 42

Figure 4.16: Old timber floorings are removed 43

Figure 4.17: Timber beams were reused after being repainted 43

Figure 4.18: The walls of the toilet is built during renovation 44

Figure 4.19: Toilet entrance after renovation 44

Figure 4.20: Old wing first floor before renovation 45

Figure 4.21: Old wing first floor after renovation 45

Figure 4.22: Original wooden louvered window 46

Figure 4.23: Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window 46

Figure 4.24: The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation 47

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Figure 4.25: The old wing air well after renovation 47

Figure 4.26: Opening to the air well before renovation 48

Figure 4.27: Louvers replaced the wall above the air well 48

Figure 4.28: The old wing first floor dining are before renovation 49

Figure 4.29: The old wing first floor dining are after renovation 49

Figure 4.30: Renovation of the new wing 50

Figure 4.31: New wing after renovation 50

Figure 4.32: New wing dining area before renovation 51

Figure 4.33: New wing dining area after renovation 51

Figure 4.34: New wing bar area before renovation 52

Figure 4.35: New wing bar area after renovation 52

Figure 4.36: New wing dining area with old stairs 53

Figure 4.37: New wing dining area with old stairs removed 53

Figure 4.38: Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area 54

Figure 4.39: Timber beams are cut to create an atrium 54

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Figure 4.40: Construction of a new staircase in the new wing 55

Figure 4.41: Completed staircase in the new wing 55

Figure 4.42: Renovation of the roof and air well 56

Figure 4.43: Renovated air well in new wing 56

Figure 4.44: Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing 57

Figure 4.45: Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing 57

Figure 4.46: New wing first floor dining area during renovation 58

Figure 4.47: New wing first floor dining area after renovation 58

Figure 4.48: New wing first floor air well before renovation 59

Figure 4.49: New wing first floor air well after renovation 59

5.0 ARCHITECTURE STYLE

Figure 5.1: Typical early shop house components 62

Figure 5.2: Examples of early shop houses in Melaka 62

Figure 5.3: Early Straits Eclectic shop house façade 63

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Figure 5.4: Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits Eclectic shop houses 63

Figure 5.5: Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house components 64

Figure 5.6: Windows on second storey of Late Straits Eclectic shop houses 64

Figure 5.7: Art Deco shop house components 65

Figure 5.8: Window design of Art deco shop houses 65

Figure 5.9: Post war shop house components 66

Figure 5.10: Examples of post war shop houses 66

Figure 5.11: Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house 67

Figure 5.12: Geographer Café front façade 67

Figure 5.13: Exterior façade of Geographer Café 68

Figure 5.14: Bar area of Geographer Café 68

Figure 5.15: Concrete awning and window of Geographer Café 69

Figure 5.16: Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81 69

Figure 5.17: Old wing first floor dining area 70

Figure 5.18: French louvered windows 70

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Figure 5.19: Arcade in the old wing 70

Figure 5.20: Succession of arches 70

Figure 5.21: New wing ground floor dining area 71

Figure 5.22: Old wing ground floor dining area 71

6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION

Figure 6.1: Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in massing diagram to show 73

the hierarchy of the number of people

Figure 6.2: Table showing the area of ground floor spaces 74

Figure 6.3: Ground floor plan of Geographer Café 74

Figure 6.4: First floor plan of Geographer Café 75

Figure 6.5: First floor plan of Geographer Café 75

Figure 6.6 Old wing five foot way 76

Figure 6.7: Arches are found along the corridor 76

Figure 6.8: Air well named as “Little Prince” 77

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Figure 6.9: Air well named as “Tropical Forest” 77

Figure 6.10: Old wing ground floor dining area 78

Figure 6.11: New wing ground floor dining area 78

Figure 6.12: Old wing first floor dining area 78

Figure 6.13: Tango Floor (Old wing first floor dining area) 79

Figure 6.14: New wing ground floor dining area 79

Figure 6.15: Pavement around Geographer Café 80

Figure 6.16: Location of Geographer Café 81

Figure 6.17: Points of entry 81

Figure 6.18: Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing 82

Figure 6.19: Location of the staircases in Geographer Café 82

Figure 6.20: Customers’ ground floor circulation 83

Figure 6.21: Customers’ first floor circulation 83

Figure 6.22: Staff’s ground floor circulation 84

Figure 6.23: Staff’s first floor circulation 84

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Figure 6.24: Public and private spaces in Geographer Café 85

Figure 6.25: Table indicating public and private spaces in Geographer Café 85

Figure 6.27: Covered walkway in the old wing 86

Figure 6.28: Old wing ground floor dining area 86

7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

Figure 7.1: French louvered windows 88

Figure 7.2: Large windows in the Café enable good ventilation. 89

Figure 7.3: Wooden window located on the first floor (balcony area) 90

Figure 7.4: Original metal folding doors 91

Figure 7.5: The Dutch awning made of concrete is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer Café 91

Figure 7.6: Air well in the old wing 92

Figure 7.7: Air well in the new wing 92

Figure 7.8: Arcade (Covered Walkway) in the old wing of Geographer Café 93

Figure 7.9: Half landing staircase in the old wing 94

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Figure 7.10: Winder staircase in the new wing 94

Figure 7.11: Pilasters on the exterior façade of Geographer Café 95

Figure 7.12: Geographer globe from interior 95

Figure 7.13: Geographer globe from exterior 95

Figure 7.14: The cornice lines the façade of the Geographer Café 96

Figure 7.15: Corbels supporting the old wing pitched roof 96

Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting the new wing pitched roof 97

Figure 7.17: Star breeze block found along the old wing staircase 97

Figure 7.18: Star breeze block in the old wing toilet 97

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS

Figure 8.1: Terracotta Tiles 99

Figure 8.2: Scored Concrete Flooring 99

Figure 8.3: Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles 100

Figure 8.4: Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing 100

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Figure 8.5: Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing 100

Figure 8.6: Plan indicating location of scored concrete floor 101

Figure 8.7: Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway 101

Figure 8.8: Plan indicating the location of timber flooring system 102

Figure 8.9: Timber joists supported by concrete beams 102

Figure 8.10: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams 102

Figure 8.11: Timber joists supported by timber beams 103

Figure 8.12: Diagram of timber joists supported by timber beams 103

Figure 8.13: Timber flooring on the first floor 103

Figure 8.14: Timber planks can be seen from the ground floor 103

Figure 8.15: Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system 104

Figure 8.16: Scored concrete in old wing first floor 104

Figure 8.17: Connection of the concrete floor to the load bearing wall 104

Figure 8.18: Indication of I beam below the concrete slab 105

Figure 8.19: Sectional detail for I beam and concrete flooring 105

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Figure 8.20: Round columns in the old wing 106

Figure 8.21: Quarter-circle column in the old wing 106

Figure 8.22: Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall 107

Figure 8.23: New wing air well with exposed English bond brick wall 107

Figure 8.24: A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall and English bond brick wall 107

Figure 8.25: The structure of a King Post Truss 108

Figure 8.26: The roof structure of Geographer Café 108

Figure 8.27: Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its assembling 109

Figure 8.28: Construction drawing of clay tiles being attached to roof structure 109

Figure 8.29: View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings from the outside 109

Figure 8.30: Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Café 110

Figure 8.31: Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof structure 111

Figure 8.32: Concrete floor that is scored with patterns similar to the terracotta tiles 112

Figure 8.33: Concrete columns in Geographer Café 112

Figure 8.34: Timber floors make up most of the first floor 113

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Figure 8.35: Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber planks 113

Figure 8.36: Timber staircase that connects ground floor and first floor 114

Figure 8.37: The “signature” window of Geographer Café constructed with timber 114

Figure 8.38: Intentionally exposed brick walls of Geographer Café 115

Figure 8.39: Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting 116

Figure 8.40: Steel railings surround the air well for safety 116

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPITATION

Figure 9.1: Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due to the footprints of customers 118

Figure 9.2: The floor tiles are stained from people’s footprints 118

Figure 9.3: Exposed roof tiles in the new wing 119

Figure 9.4: Gaps between timber structures are very dirty 119

Figure 9.5: Dust and insect waste get stuck in the Geographer globe 119

Figure 9.6: The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are rusted due to the weather 120

Figure 9.7: Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as it always is exposed to the weather 120

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Figure 9.8: The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame has peeled off due to friction 121

Figure 9.9: The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from the wall 121

Figure 9.10: The paint on the concrete floor next to staircase in the old wing is worn off 122

Figure 9.11: The timber table top’s colour has faded due to customers’ constant rubbing 122

Figure 9.12: Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls 123

Figure 9.13: The thickened arches have cracks on it over time 123

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Aim and objectives

1.2 Introduction of Research

1.3 Instruments and Tools Used

1.4 Limitations

1.5 Methods of Documentation

2

1.1 Aim and Objectives

Aim

The aim of this project is to give students the opportunity to engage in a

hands-on measuring practice and explore various measuring and

documentation techniques on a designated site, which in our case,

Geographer Cafe which is located at No. 81 & 83, Jalan Hang Jebat,

75200 Melaka.

Objectives

The objective of this project is to encourage students to explore the

relationship between architecture, heritage, culture and its significance

to the building, as well as to document the significance of the building to

complement the measured drawing produced. It is also to instil the

importance of preserving buildings that are heritage of the past for the

benefit of the future generations.

Figure 1.1: Measurements are recorded and mindful observations

are noted regarding the condition and materials in Geographer

Café

3

1.2 Introduction of Research

This report serves as a documentation of the history, architectural style,

details and measurements of our given site - Geographer Cafe, Melaka.

A total of five days were spent on site to conduct the measuring activity

using the appropriate instruments. All measurements taken are then

drafted on AutoCAD and are compiled accordingly with thorough

research and analysis.

Historical, cultural and architectural attributes of the building are

highlighted in this report to analyse the relationship between the

architecture and its significance to the building, the type of architectural

styles, construction methods, its history and any other significant

elements of the building. As Geographer Cafe is a pre-war building, all

notable features and building condition are included in the report.

4

1.3 Instruments and Tools Used

1.3.1 Measuring Tools and Techniques

In order for the group to attain accurate measurements, there was a

need for a variety of tools and techniques to achieve this. With the group

being relatively large each member then split into sub-groups of 3-2 to

tackle the measuring of designated zones within the café.

1.3.2 Equipment

BOSCH GLM 100 Digital Laser Measuring Device

The digital laser used was to measure linear distances. This has proved

to be essential to obtain distances which exceed the length of the basic

measuring tape, this method is both efficient and highly accurate. When

obtaining the measurements of a ceiling, a group member first place the

digital laser on a level surface, with the transmitter facing the ceiling

perpendicularly. Prior to this step the device’s settings should be

changed to display the correct figures and conversions. Now with the

device calibrated and on the ground, with a simple press of a button the

exact figures would be displayed on the LED screen on the device.

Figure 1.2 Laser measuring device used in the measuring process

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1.3.3 Measuring Tape

1 ) Pocket Measuring Tape (Stanley 10m)

2 ) Long Distance Tape (Stanley 30m)

The primary tool used when conducting measurements on Geographer

Café during our site visit in Melaka. There were two variations available

at the time, the pocket measuring tape, used to measure distances

ranging from small to medium which encompasses most of the details

found in the café. While the long distance tape would be reserved for the

floor length or long distances. The rolled tape is pulled from end to end,

each part touching the edge of whichever area selected to be measured,

another group member would then take the readings when their eye

level is directly perpendicular to the markings as to avoid possible

parallax errors.

1.3.4 Camera Equipment

Nikon DSLR camera and tripod

The camera was needed to document and photograph every aspect of

the building for documenting and future references during our site visit

to Geographer Café. The need for clear and well defined pictures

prompted the necessity for the tripod which acted as a stabiliser, also to

gain a vantage point to produce more interesting shots. With the tripod

the video filming portion was handled quickly and without any problems.

Figure 1.3: 10m pocket

measuring tape

Figure 1.4: 30m long

distance tape

Figure 1.5: DSLR camera Figure 1.6: Camera tripod

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1.3.5 Ladder

Oska 7-step Fibreglass ladder (2.3m)

The ladder belonged to someone in the group, which they had to carry

on the bus to Melaka, to use when measuring high places inside the

café during our site visit. This was so details and areas could more

accurately be measured such as the ceiling tiles and the dimensions

for the beam.

1.3.6 Stationary

A3 Clipboard

Due to the chosen site functioning as a restaurant and bar

simultaneously, this meant that while people were eating and drinking in

the café we had to conduct our measurements regardless and try to not

disturb the customers or the Café’s business. This was achieved by

standing and recording everything down on each member’s make-shift

A3 clip board table.

Figure 1.7: Fiberglass ladder Figure 1.8: A3 wooden clipboard

7

1.3.7 Documenting Media

Butter Paper & Template Paper

Before going to the café the group had fixed and printed a template

which would be used by every member. The template came with a grid

lines and boxes, this was so that when on site the information gathered

can be neatly recorded and annotated as to avoid any confusion or

disarray. The butter paper was so that they could re-use templates and

not waste time and resources to keep on printing new templates.

Figure 1.9: Butter papers with sketches

8

1.4 Limitation

The group’s task while on site is to gather as much information on the

building in terms of dimensions as thoroughly and efficiently as possible.

However there were certain limitations and obstacles the group

encountered whilst there. Using teamwork and communication skills, the

group worked together to professionally overcome the problems faced.

1.4.1 Customer

First there was the issue of space. While taking the measurements

during the cafes operating hours there was the issue of not disturbing

the customers or staff, the group members had to ensure that belongings

and equipment were kept only at the upper floor rather than the ground

floor where the customers were dining. This proved to be an

inconvenience especially when measuring and sketching the ground

work and details on the tiles.

Figure 1.10: Geographer Café packed with customers in the afternoon

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1.4.2 Decoration & Furniture

Another problem encountered is the lack of space within the vicinity. The

Geographers Café has its own unique style of decoration ranging from

antique furniture to its ceilings plastered with portraits, pictures, and

collection of memorabilia. This made getting precise measurements of

the building rather challenging as the abundance of interior furniture and

décor become obstacles which we had to navigate around to produce

more accurate measurements.

1.4.3 Accessibility

Especially for the bar area and toilet areas located on the ground floor,

there were spaces where beer crates and supplies for the kitchens are

being stored preventing the group from entering certain areas within the

café. Certain portions of the place could not be easily accessed such as

the kitchen and store rooms. This meant that some members had to

improvise and cooperate with the staff working there to get the relevant

information and measurements of the space needed.

1.4.4 Hygiene

Though not a major concern there are areas in the building which are

quite unhygienic, be it interior or exterior as some members found out

when measuring especially the floors, wall corners, ceilings and beams.

Figure 1.11: Geographer Café is filled with decorations and

furniture

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1.4.6 Circulation

The major issue when measuring the dimensions of the side street

pavements, five-foot-ways and roads was the human and vehicular

traffic. The Geographers Café is located at the corner of the alley where

the two roads intersect with oncoming traffic. The area is busy at all times

as it is located on the famous Jonker Street. All group members had to

measure quickly as to not create a scene by stopping traffic, pedestrians

and the tourists around the site.

1.4.5 Weather

Throughout the visit to Melaka the weather had been quite unpredictable.

The group stayed there for a total of 5 days; the first three were spent

working under the blazing sun and heat the whole time. The last two

days’ weather was dreary as it rained non-stop. These conditions proved

to be one of the biggest hurdles, as this meant that taking the external

pictures and sketches of the café had to be halted as to not damage the

drawings or technical equipment.

Figure 1.12: Many tourists and cars pass by Geographer Café

everyday

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1.5 Method of Documentation

A lengthy and detailed account of information was gathered throughout

the course of this assignment. In order to keep track of every detail, we

were required to use and familiarize ourselves with a variety of tools and

software to ensure that the outcome of the assignment is an organised

record for the group members to refer to.

1.5.1 Online Research

Research conducted from the internet, articles published online and

information from other such websites were summarised into word

documents, and as a group agreement, all files and documentations

would then be uploaded into a shared Google Drive for every group

members’ convenience. This allows each member to have access and

the ease of uploading any relevant research and documentation, where

the information shared can be viewed by every member within the

group.

1.5.2 Book Research

As a group, we have also gathered information from books, tourist

brochures and photos that were readily available. Some information may

not so easily be found within the internet, therefore the group relied on

hard copy books and other mediums to get the required information.

Once retrieved the information would be typed out into a word document

and uploaded to the group’s main source of communication, the Google

Drive.

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1.5.3 Interviews

Some of the group members conducted an interview with the owner of

the Geographer Café, Mr Peter Tseng. The interview was carried out in

his office which was nearby the assigned site. Mr. Peter gave a detailed

presentation with the aid of slides he made a few years back. All relevant

pictures, audio “mp3” recordings and video footage taken was again

uploaded into the Google Drive for sharing.

1.5.4 Drafting

Butter paper and tracing paper were essential throughout the site visit.

The semi-transparency of the paper enabled notes and sketches to be

overlapped and cross-referenced to get a clearer understanding of the

space and surroundings. This was extremely helpful during the initial

stages of the measuring of Geographers Café, as many of the group

members were yet still unfamiliar with the space and layout of the

building. These papers were kept for use after the Melaka trip and used

as reference when building the AutoCAD drawings.

Figure 1.13: An interview with Mr. Peter Tseng, the owner of

Geographer Café

Figure 1.14: Butter papers filled with sketches and measurements of

Geographer Café

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1.5.5 Photography

Serving as one of the most efficient methods of documentation of a

building and its site context. Photography and videography was used as

a visual record of the groups experience on site. These pictures are

helpful as they capture small to large details which may have been

missed and provide a clearer mental picture as compared to just relying

on memory and sketches.

1.5.6 Sketches

All sketches were collected and the relevant drawings were kept for

further use. This was so that certain questions or notes written down at

the time can be referred to or even used for the later part of this project.

Sketches provide a means of visual representation, the façade or interior

perspectives can easily be shown in a sketch. These documentations

are to later be digitised into any of the designing soft-wares, to be

showcased as a proper detailed architectural drawing afterwards.

14

2.0 HISTORY AND SITE CONTEXT

2.1 History of Melaka

2.2 History of Jonker Street

2.3 History of Geographer Café

2.4 Timeline of Events

15

2.1 History of Melaka

2.1.1 Founding of Melaka

Melaka is founded by Parameswara, the last Raja of Temasek.

According to the legend, Parameswara was resting under a Melaka tree

by the river. One of his hunting dog cornered a mouse deer. In self-

defence, the mouse deer kicked the dog into the river.

Parameswara believed that it was a propitious omen of the weak

overcoming the strong. He decided to found an empire on that spot.

Parameswara named the empire after the tree he was resting under, the

Melaka tree.

Figure 2.1: Map of Malaysia

Figure 2.2: Map of Melaka

Melaka proves to be a prime location for an empire. Due to its sheltered

harbour, it has abundant water supply. It is also sheltered from monsoon

wind, providing traders from other countries a safe place to dock during

the monsoon seasons. It was an important entrepôt in Straits of Melaka.

16

The Melaka Sultanate ruled Melaka from the 1400s till 1511. In 1409,

the Chinese admiral Zheng He arrived Melaka with his naval fleet,

seeking to establish diplomatic ties with States west of China. He met

with Parameswara and he was granted permission to stay. Melaka

become a client kingdom of the Chinese in exchange for protection

against the Siamese.

After its adoption of Islam in the 15th century and conversion into a

sultanate, the town started to attract traders from the Middle East. It then

became a trading centre between the East and the West. Countries like

Arab, India and China were able to trade with each other in Melaka.

17

2.1.2 End of Melaka Sultanate

Arrival of Portuguese

The wealth of Melaka attracted the emerging European naval powers.

The Portuguese arrived at Melaka as a trade partner in 1509. In 1511,

Alfonso de Albuquerque led an army and conquered Melaka.

A-Famosa fort was built to guard against attack from both the land and

the sea. All Portuguese residents live inside the fort while other traders

stay outside the fort.

Figure 2.3: Map of Melaka in 1613

Arrival of Dutch

In 1641, Melaka falls to the hands of the Dutch with the help from Johor’s

sultan. Melaka was not developed as a trading centre as the Dutch

placed greater importance to Batavia (Jakarta) on Java as their

administrative centre.

The fort left by the Portuguese was rebuilt. The outside of the fort was

expanded. The Dutch left their landmark, the Stadthuys in Melaka.

Figure 2.4: Map of Melaka in 1753

18

Arrival of British

Melaka was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in

exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra. From 1826 to 1946, Malacca was

under the rule of the British, first by the British East India Company and

then as a Crown Colony.

Function of Melaka as a port declined. Its status a port is replaced by

Penang and Singapore. Land reclamation has been done to increase

the land area of Melaka.

Figure 2.5: Map of Melaka in 1916

19

2.1.3 Independence of Malaya

In 1957, Malaya regain independence from British. States in the West

Peninsular merge together to form Malaya. Melaka is no longer in the

hands of other countries.

Figure 2.6: Map of Melaka in 1987

2.1.4 Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site

Formation of UNESCO

UNESCO is founded in16 November 1945. It stands for United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It is a specialized

agency of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO’s main objective is to

contribute peace and security by promoting international collaboration

through educational, scientific and cultural reforms in order to increase

universal respect for justice.

Figure 2.7 Logo of UNESCO

20

Difference of Historical and Heritage Site

Historical sites are places where pieces of political, military, cultural or

social history happened and thus preserved due to their historical value.

The discovery, collection, organisation and presentation of information

about past of people, places and events are important in historical sites.

Heritage site is a man-made or natural site recognised as being of

outstanding international importance and therefore deserving special

protection. In a heritage site, things from the past which are valued

enough today are protected to save for the future generations.

World Heritage Site

World heritage sites are places on earth that are of outstanding universal

value to humanity and as such have been inscribed on the World

Heritage list to be protected for future generations to appreciate and

enjoy.

Melaka as UNESCO Heritage Site

Melaka is listed as a UNESCO Heritage site in Malaysia in 2008. Melaka

is separated into core zone and buffer zone.

Figure 2.8: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site zoning

21

The core zone of Melaka is 45.3 hectares while the buffer zone is 242.8

hectares.

Figure 2.9: Melaka’s UNESCO Heritage Site Area

22

2.2 History of Jonker Street

Jalan Hang Jebat is now known as Jonker Walk which is well known for

its antique collector’s items and is one of the best place to bargain for

antiques or collector’s items. Jonker walk is situated in the heart of

Melaka in the old Chinatown. It’s a long narrow road of around 5 hundred

meters, packed with old houses and shops dating back to the 17th

century.

Figure 2.10: Map of Jonker Street

Figure 2.11: Jonker Street in the 50’s

Figure 2.12: Current Jonker Street

23

The story of Jonker Road goes back to the Dutch period of Melaka. The

servants and subordinates used to live on Heeren Street. However upon

the departure of the Dutch, Heeren Street became nobleman's street.

Rich Babas and Bibiks began to settle and live for the trades there. This

gave the street a deep rooted ethnic and cultural flavour and purpose.

Originally called “Kampung Belanda” (Dutch Village), it ended up with

the choice neighbourhood of “Millionaires’ Row” because of its well-

heeled residents.

Figure 2.13: House owned by one of the rich families in Heeren Street

As collectibles and antiques dating back to the medieval times are

available at many shops along the street, hence the name “antique

street”. While Jonker Street (from the Dutch word, “Jonkheer”) was

named after a place for “young nobleman” who had not quite made it to

the upper level of nobility. Heeren Street (originally known as

“Herenstraat”), was for the “gentlemen” or “masters in the upper crust of

the society”.

Figure 2.14: Jonker Street during the Dutch period

Figure 2.15: Present day Jonker Street

24

2.3 History of Geographer Café

The Geographer Café was originally Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994 (Figure

2.16). It sits on a corner as a pre-war building, which to this day is Lot.

83. In 1999, construction and renovation was carried out to enhance the

characteristics of the building.

Geographer Café (Figure 2.17) opened on the 9th of August in the year

1999, officiated by the Chief Minister of Melaka on 27th of January 2000.

In the year 2005, Geographer Café launched a new extension, the new

wing next door, lot no. 81.

These two lots are located in the heart of Old Melaka, on the corner of

Jonker Walk (Jalan Hang Jebat) and Jalan Hang Lekir.

Figure 2.16: Mei Jing Kopitiam in 1994

Figure 2.17: Geographer Café in 2017

25

The cafe was won several awards; being:

Figure 2.18: 2nd prize PAM Awards 1999 for “Colour on Buildings” - the cafe has 19 different colours, each one compliments the other.

Figure 2.19: Melaka Tourism Award 2006/2007 - Best Café & Bistro

26

In the year 1998, Malaysia faced an economic crisis where businessmen

in Melaka believed in giving new life to the assets their ancestors left

behind, as it is the only way to succeed. In order to do so, they renovated

old buildings by giving them new purposes while maintaining the façade.

They called their action the “Second Renaissance”.

The street where Geographer Café sits along has not always been what

it is today. Up until the year 1998, Jonker Street was an eerie streets it

was surrounded by funeral parlours, casket shops and dilapidated shop

houses. The street was eerie, empty and lifeless.

The said building itself was not in any good condition either. Owned by

Mr. Peter’s (Geographer Café’s owner) company’s director, the building

has 5 Chinese families living on the first floor. They shared a style of

living from the olden days, a “communal living style” where the rental

outstanding of a room was a meagre RM50 per family.

Geographer Café was an attempt in 1999 by Mr. Peter to bring new life

to Melaka. Seeing that lot 83 was not utilised well, Mr. Peter persuaded

his director to allow him to renovate lot 83 into what is now known as the

Geographer Café. It was not successful at first, but slowly it started

attracting the attention of tourists as well as the locals. Thus, new life

was given to Jonker Street.

27

2.4 Timeline of Events

1400s

The Melaka

Sultanate

ruled Melaka.

1409 1509 1511 1641

The Chinese

admiral Zheng

He arrived

Melaka with

his naval fleet,

seeking to

establish

diplomatic ties

with States

west of China.

The wealth of

Melaka

attracted the

emerging

European

naval powers.

The

Portuguese

arrived at

Melaka as a

trade partner.

Alfonso de

Albuquerque

led an army

and

conquered

Melaka.

Melaka falls to

the hands of the

Dutch with the

help from

Johor’s sultan.

Melaka was not

developed as a

trading centre

as the Dutch

placed greater

importance to

Batavia (Jakarta)

on Java as their

administrative

centre.

28

1826 1957 1994 1998 1999

Malacca was

under the

rule of the

British, first

by the British

East India

Company and

then as a

Crown

Colony.

Malaya regain

independence

from British.

States in the

West Peninsular

merge together

to form Malaya.

Melaka is no

longer in the

hands of other

countries.

The

Geographer

Café was

originally Mei

Jing Kopitiam.

It sits on a

corner as a

pre-war

building,

which to this

day is Lot. 83.

Jonker Street

was an eerie

streets it was

surrounded

by funeral

parlours,

casket shops

and

dilapidated

shop houses.

The street

was eerie,

empty and

lifeless.

.

Construction and

renovation was

carried out to

enhance the

characteristics of

the building

giving them new

purposes while

maintaining the

façade. They

called their action

the “Second

Renaissance” in

order to bring

new life to Jonker

Street.

29

2005 2008

Geographer

Café

launched a

new

extension,

the new wing

next door, lot

no. 81.

Melaka is

listed as a

UNESCO

Heritage site

in Malaysia.

Melaka is

separated into

core zone and

buffer zone.

30

3.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street

3.2 Current Geographer Café and Jonker Street

31

3.1 Rebirth of Jonker Street

Before the opening of Geographer Cafe, Jonker Street was empty and

lifeless. The street is eerie and dirty. Surrounded with funeral parlours

and casket shops, people do not like to go to Jonker Street. Shop houses

on the street were not taken care of and was left in a bad state.

Due to the state it was in, Jonker Street almost faced demolition. To

prevent that from happening, Geographer Cafe started placing tables

and chairs on the street, increasing the flow of patrons on Jonker Street.

Other coffee shops along the street followed.

Figure 3.1: Jonker Street before Geographer Cafe opened

The increase in number of people on Jonker Street prevented its closure.

People started selling items and food on the street, which formed the

now famous Jonker Walk.

32

3.2 Current Geographer Café and Jonker Street

Geographer Cafe is now a famous dine-in restaurant and top cafe in

Melaka. Tourists enjoys the Melakan culture in the cafe that overwhelms

its cosy decorum. The architecture of Geographer Cafe signifies its

spiritual and cultural aspects of the olden days.

The mixture of Asian and Western trends can be seen here through the

architecture of the building, the food, the music as well as the cordial

atmosphere around the cafe. The seating arrangement in the cafe is

placed so that customers are able to enjoy the beauty of Jonker Street

while enjoying their food and drinks.

Figure 3.2: Geographer cafe in the afternoon with people sightseeing

Figure 3.3: Geographer cafe in the night packed with people

33

Jonker Street is a busy and lively street. It is filled with tourists every day.

It is no longer the empty and eerie street in the past.

In the morning till afternoon, tourists pass by Jonker Street when

sightseeing and looking for food. They take photos of the buildings that

can only be found in Melaka.

In the night, Jonker Street comes to life. On Friday, Saturday and

Sunday nights, a night market starts on Jonker Street. The street is

packed will tourists and locals buying food and items.

Figure 3.4: Tourists walking around in Jonker Street

Figure 3.5: Night market in Jonker Street during the weekend

34

4.0 DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail

4.2 Modifications to the Building

35

4.1 Renovation Firm’s Detail

Arkitek KHP

FOUNDED: Melaka, Malaysia, 1977

PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR: Tony Khoo Heng Peng

Address: 261, Taman Melaka Raya, Melaka, Malaysia 75000

Phone: +60 6-283 5513

FAX: +60 6-283 4413

AIM: to produce thoughtful, well-mannered and well-conceived

buildings.

CLIENTS: private individuals and families, charity organizations,

churches & government organisations.

The firm operates within a 3 levels open plan studio environment.

In 33 years it has established quite a reputation, both within the

profession and the building industry, for archiving results. Its long list

clients suggest this reputation is well founded. Specialized in small,

medium to large scale projects. During its period of operation, the firm

has undertaken a significant body of work comprising over 100 built

projects.

Figure 4.1: PAM award won by Geographer Cafe

36

4.2 Modifications to the Building

Lot 83 – Old Wing

The exterior of the building was refurbished with new paint and the air

hole above the window of the long façade was filled in with a 38” globe

with the word “Geographer Café” on it.

The building’s façade is much livelier and appealing compared to what

it used to look like. Passers-by are attracted to the colourful building,

thus increasing the flow of visitors to Jonker Street.

Figure 4.2: Lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.3: Lot 83 after renovation

37

The short façade of the Geographer Café. This building has become a

landmark of Jonker Street. Its new painting makes it stand out when

compared to other buildings that are situated on the same stretch of road.

The colours of Geographer Café was chosen carefully so that each

colours complement each other, giving it a new life just as that the owner

wanted.

Figure 4.4: Lot 83 and Jonker Street before renovation

Figure 4.5: Lot 83 and Jonker Street after renovation

38

The original columns are left untouched. New coats of paint is added to

cover the stains that had formed over the years. Plants were also planted

to bring nature into the building.

The colour of the building and the plants is in a contrast with the white

buildings on the same road. This has successfully caught many people’s

attention.

Figure 4.6: Columns of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.7: Columns of lot 83 after renovation

39

The original Dutch awnings are left untouched. Years of neglect has left

the walls and awnings in a bad state. It is painted with the Geographer

Café’s famous orange colour to cover the mould and watermarks that

has formed on the awning and walls.

The Dutch awnings were maintained and preserved since it has great

significant and historical values with a priceless antiquity spirit to the

building.

Figure 4.8: Awnings of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.9: Awnings of lot 83 after renovation

40

One of the window on the ground floor has been removed and was

replaced with starlight wall blocks. The windows had been replaced with

replicas and the door is repainted. This made the windows and door

more eye catching.

A ventilation pipe is added to remove the smoke from the kitchen. The

windows and door on the ground floor is sealed shut so that small

animals would not get into the kitchen.

Figure 4.10: Kitchen exterior before renovation Figure 4.11: Kitchen exterior after renovation

41

The balcony is extended to the road, forming a connection between the

two different lots in lot 83. Plants are grown below it. When the trees are

much taller, it formed a natural shade to the balcony.

The extended balcony is a naturally ventilated area. It is a great people

watching place. Customers can also enjoy the greenery when sitting in

the balcony.

Figure 4.12: Long elevation of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.13: A balcony was extended outwards after renovation

42

The wall at the long façade is partially removed to allow multiple entry

into the café. The old metal grill doors are repainted with a shade of

green that complements the orange colour of the walls.

The removal of part of the load bearing wall leads to the increased

thickness of the columns and arches. Customers can now sit in the

arcade, which increased the amount of customers that can fit in the café

at the same time.

Figure 4.14: The walls of lot 83 before renovation Figure 4.15: Parts of the wall is removed after renovation

43

The ceiling of the ground floor was covered with timber planks. The

timber planks also serve as floorings for the first floor. The timber beams

were original and are repainted and reused.

The dark brown timber floorings created a warm feeling in the ground

floor. It also creates the effect of lowering the space, thus preventing the

space to feel too intimidating.

Figure 4.16: Old timber floorings are removed Figure 4.17: Timber beams were reused after being repainted

44

A new toilet area was built behind the staircase at the ground floor of the

old wing. A partition is added to provide some privacy to the customers.

The toilet is a necessity for a restaurant. The original flow of spaces had

to be changed to fulfil the function of the building as a café.

Figure 4.18: The walls of the toilet is built during renovation Figure 4.19: Toilet entrance after renovation

45

On the first floor, the old door which was located at the right side of the

wall was later covered with a plaster wall (blue) after the renovation. A

new opening was created on the wall, acting as a built in bar top.

The opening on the wall allowed waiters and customers to place orders

easily as they would not need to go to the other side of the wall. It is

called the “Blue Wall”.

Figure 4.20: Old wing first floor before renovation Figure 4.21: Old wing first floor after renovation

46

The before and after “signature” windows at first floor. The current

windows are an exact replica of the original building. This is to maintain

the originality of the building.

Casement window is added later onto the window as the room is air

conditioned. The casement window is kept closed when the louvered

window is opened to prevent energy loss.

Figure 4.22: Original wooden louvered window Figure 4.23: Exact replica of the original wooden louvered window

47

The air well in the old wing is originally opened only on 2 sides with 2

sides covered with walls. One side of the wall is removed to create a

more open air well. It is then fitted with casement windows and louvers.

This created a more continuous and open space in the first floor dining

area. Customers are able to sit around the air well while enjoying snacks

and drinks.

Figure 4.24: The state of the air well in the old wing before renovation Figure 4.25: The old wing air well after renovation

48

Timber planks blocking the opening was removed and refurbished with

timber louvers for better air ventilation.

The louvers are more suitable for the air well as the elements from the

windows are carried into the air well.

Figure 4.26: Opening to the air well before renovation Figure 4.27: Louvers replaced the wall above the air well

49

The first floor was fully renovated with new paint jobs and timber beam

and column structures. Electrical appliances such as fans, lights and etc.

were added too.

The first floor dining area is much more colourful and bright compared to

the original building. It is much more inviting with new paintings and

windows.

Figure 4.28: The old wing first floor dining are before renovation Figure 4.29: The old wing first floor dining are after renovation

50

Lot 81 – New Wing

A new set of timber doors and fixed timber windows were built at the

main entrance of the new wing shop lot. A steel folding grille door were

added after the timber doors and fixed windows.

Greeneries were added later on to provide privacy. The colour scheme

of the new wing is the same with the old wing.

Figure 4.30: Renovation of the new wing Figure 4.31: New wing after renovation

51

All the walls were repainted with a new colour that complements each

other.

The space is no longer dull and dark. The colours cheers people,

creating a fun environment in the space.

Figure 4.32: New wing dining area before renovation Figure 4.33: New wing dining area after renovation

52

New timber flooring is fixed to the original timber beams, with the timber

planks exposed and can be seen from the ground floor. 2 opening was

created on the brick wall.

The space underneath the staircase is used as a storeroom. Electrical

appliances and the “keluar” sign was added.

Figure 4.34: New wing bar area before renovation Figure 4.35: New wing bar area after renovation

53

The old staircase was taken down. Some parts of the walls were

exposed so the old brick walls could be seen, adding a historical sense

to the area. The old stairs is too old and dangerous, therefore it is

removed.

2 new openings were created on the brick wall which creates a sense of

connection between the dining area and the bar area. The timber beams

were repainted with a dark brown. Different shades of brown in the dining

area gives it a warm feeling.

Figure 4.36: New wing dining area with old stairs Figure 4.37: New wing dining area with old stairs removed

54

Parts of the timber beams in the new wing ground floor dining area were

cut and removed to create an atrium. Railings were added for safety

purposes.

The atrium is designed so that the ground floor dining area would have

a much open space. This is to prevent the customers to feel

claustrophobic in that space.

Figure 4.38: Renovation of the new wing ground floor dining area

Figure 4.39: Timber beams are cut to create an atrium

55

New stairs were built as a pathway from the ground floor to the first floor.

The old stairs that was located in the new wing dining area was too old

and was removed for safety.

The new stairs is built next to the old stairs, separated by a wall. The first

few steps were made using bricks and concrete while the other steps

are made of timber.

Figure 4.40: Construction of a new staircase in the new wing

Figure 4.41: Completed staircase in the new wing

56

The roof above the air well was left opened to allow sunlight to come in.

It is also to improve the ventilation in the café.

The roof slants inwards and extends into the air well so that rain water

will fall into the air well.

Figure 4.42: Renovation of the roof and air well Figure 4.43: Renovated air well in new wing

57

Timber shutter dividers were built to block a direct visual from the outside

into the toilets, providing privacy. It also divides the kitchen and the toilet.

Paint jobs were done and a sink was added.

Timber partition is also added in front of the kitchen. This is to prevent

customers from entering the kitchen and also to block their vision into

the kitchen.

Figure 4.44: Construction of toilets and kitchen in new wing Figure 4.45: Completed toilets and kitchen in new wing

58

On the first floor, the existing wall is removed to allow circulation to the

other space. A short flight of stairs is placed to allow customers access

the space below.

The roof beams and tiles are also exposed. The plasterboard ceilings

was removed so that customers can admire the beauty of the roof beams

and terracotta roof tiles.

Figure 4.46: New wing first floor dining area during renovation Figure 4.47: New wing first floor dining area after renovation

59

The first floor of the new wing is in a bad state and therefore new timber

floorings were required. Openings for the stair case and air well is made

before timber planks were placed.

Other elements such as the railings, electrical appliances and fans were

added. At some areas, the roof is low and allows customers to observe

the details of the roof beam and roof tiles.

Figure 4.48: New wing first floor air well before renovation Figure 4.49: New wing first floor air well after renovation

60

Before Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, Geographer

Café has undergone several renovations that has altered the interior

spaces of the building so that it can function smoothly as a café.

Although some changes had been done on the exterior of the building,

the façade of the building is maintained to look just like the old building.

After Melaka was listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site, buildings

located in the core zone are protected and are not allowed to undergo

renovations that changes the façade and spaces in the building. Since

then, Geographer Café has not been under renovation. All the codes for

the colours used in Geographer Café is recorded. Only the same colours

of paint is used in the future paint jobs.

61

5.0 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka

5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture

5.2 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe

62

5.1 Types of Shop houses in Melaka

Many types of shop houses can be found in Melaka. They are of different

styles as Melaka has been influenced by different cultures. There are a

typically 5 types of shop houses in Melaka. Early shop houses, first

transition shop houses, second transition shop houses, art deco shop

houses and post war shop houses.

Other than post war shop houses, the other shop houses are

conservation buildings. These shop houses are the heritage of Melaka

and should be taken cared of for the future generations.

Early Shop houses (1600s - 1800s)

Shop houses built during this time has simple design. It has a single

window at the first floor facade. A roof awning covers the front of the

shop house.

Figure 5.2: Examples of early shop houses in Melaka

Figure 5.1: Typical early shop house components

63

Early Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1900s - 1940s)

The design of the Early Straits Eclectic shop house is more intricate than

the early shop houses. More windows with bigger openings can be found

on these shop houses.

Figure 5.3: Early Straits Eclectic shop house façade Figure 5.4: Examples of Jonker Street Early Straits

Eclectic shop houses

64

Late Straits Eclectic Shop houses (1910s - 1940s)

Compared to Early Straits Eclectic shop houses, more ornamentations

can be found on the Late Straits Eclectic shop houses. Some shop

houses have 3 floors and had intricately designed windows.

Figure 5.5: Two-storey Late Straits Eclectic shop house

components Figure 5.6: Windows on second storey of Late Straits

Eclectic shop houses

65

Art Deco Shop houses (1930s - 1960s)

Art Deco shop houses has less ornamentations. It does not have roof

awnings like the previous shop houses. In some Art Deco shop houses,

pediments and decorated frieze can be found.

Figure 5.7: Art Deco shop house components Figure 5.8: Window design of Art deco shop houses

66

Post War Shop houses (1930s - Now)

Shop houses built post war was not ornamented with ornaments that

reflect the culture of different ethnics. Bigger and wider windows line the

front facade of the building. Due to the lack of heritage in post war shop

houses, they are not conservation buildings.

Figure 5.9: Post war shop house components Figure 5.10: Examples of post war shop houses

67

5.2 Straits Eclectic Architecture

Melaka was under the ruling of the British and became one of the four

settlements in the Straits Settlements. In the early 20th century, shop

houses built in the Straits Settlements began to adopt Western

architectural styles with an emphasis on full-length French windows with

a pair of full-length timber shutters, an arched or rectangular transom

over the window opening, pilasters of classical orders and plaster

renderings. Shop houses built with type of architecture is called Straits

Eclectic style shop houses.

Unlike the early and traditional shop houses which have a continuous

row of windows, the Straits Eclectic style shop houses developed with

the breaking of the façade into two or three moulded openings. Such

style became popular among the Peranakan Cina community in Melaka

and Penang. Structurally, buildings of this style incorporate extensive

use of masonry with the introduction of reinforced concrete lintels and

beams, timber upper flooring and tiled roofs. On some buildings, the

usage of ornaments is at a minimal but when it is applied, it is more

significant towards the eye.

Figure 5.11: Typical Straits Eclectic architecture shop house

Figure 5.12: Geographer Café front facade

68

5.3 Architectural Style of Geographer Cafe

Through the years of history, buildings have been pushed, pulled,

poured and stretched into all sorts of shapes and styles. An architectural

style is characterized by the features that make a building or structure

notable and historically identifiable.

However, architectural style includes elements such as form, method of

construction, building materials, and regional character. Most

architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes

over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the

emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new

styles possible.

Geographer Café (Figure 5.11) is an award-winning, corner-lot bistro

with lots of flair for a Malaccan nightlife joint. This building has many

influences from over the years of culture and history, which shows in the

architecture of the building as the mixture of styles from different eras

such as Chinese, Dutch, French and Portuguese. The mixture of good

Asian and Western pub grub (Figure 5.12), an eccentric, laidback yet

warm atmosphere, great music and friendly service are the sole reasons

this cafe is the heart of Jonker Street.

Figure 5.13: Exterior façade of Geographer Café

Figure 5.14: Bar area of Geographer Café

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Geographer Café (Lot 83) is a Straits Eclectic style building. Eclecticism

is a nineteenth and twentieth-century architectural style in which a single

piece of work incorporates a mixture of elements from previous historical

styles to create something that is new and original.

In architecture and interior design, these elements may include structural

features, furniture, decorative motives, distinct historical ornamentation,

traditional cultural motifs or styles from other countries. This mixture is

usually chosen based on its suitability of the project and the overall

aesthetic value.

The windows that located at the corner that outside the building (Figure

5.13) are with concrete awning (Figure 5.14) and Geographer café is the

only building with concrete awning in Jonker area.

As for Lot 81, it is an early shop house which dates back to the 1600s. It

is built when Melaka is under the ruling of the Dutch. The building is

much shorter compared to its neighbours and had a simple façade

(Figure 5.16). It can be easily recognised form its covered walkway and

small window on the first floor.

Figure 5.15: Concrete awning and window of

Geographer Café

Figure 5.16: Façade of Geographer Café Lot 81

70

The window which are located at the first floor (Figure 5.15) are French

louvered windows (Figure 5.16) with a pair of full-length timber shutters,

a rectangular transom over the window opening.

The arcade is located at the walkway (Figure 5.17) of the shop. An

arcade is a succession of arches (Figure 5.18), each counter-thrusting

the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed

by a line of such arches on one or both sides.

Figure 5.17: Old wing first floor dining area

Figure 5.18: French louvered windows

Figure 5.19: Arcade in the old wing

Figure 5.20: Succession of arches

71

The floor pattern inside (Figure 5.19) and outside the shop (Figure 5.20)

is geometric pattern clay floor and the floor tiles made that of terra-cotta

are commonly seen in the Straits Eclectic style.

Figure 5.21: New wing ground floor dining area

Figure 5.22: Old wing ground floor dining area

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6.0 SPATIAL ARTICULATION AND CIRCULATION

6.1 Spatial Layout and Function

6.2 Classification of Space

6.3 Circulation

6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Spaces

6.5 Relationship between Exterior and Interior Spaces

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6.1 Spatial Layout and Function

6.1.1 Hierarchy

Geographer cafe is combination of two double-storey shop houses

which are No. 81 (New wing) and No. 83 (Old wing). It is located in a

conspicuous corner pre-war building right in the heart of Old Melaka.

The cafe is in longitudinal layout and elongated narrow plan. The ground

floor contains of dining area, three courtyards, three bars, two kitchens

and toilet. The first floor contains of two dining areas, an office, two

storerooms, several toilets and a laundry area.

Figure 6.1: Space within Geographer Cafe are simplified in

massing diagram to show the hierarchy of the number of

people

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Key spaces and specific dimension for the ground floor are labelled in

the plan and table below:

Spaces Area (m2)

1 Five foot way 66.44

2 Covered walkway 41.49

3 Dining area 1 26.75

4 Dining area 2 41.57

5 Bar 1 12.61

6 Bar 2 9.62

7 Courtyard 1 4.18

8 Courtyard 2 4.54

9 Courtyard 3 2.59

10 Kitchen 1 11.64

11 Kitchen 2 11.22

12 Toilet 1 5.99

13 Toilet 2 9.73

Figure 6.3: Ground floor plan of Geographer Café Figure 6.2: Table showing the area of ground floor spaces

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Key spaces and specific dimension for the first floor are labelled in the

plan and table below:

Space Area (m2)

14 Dining area 3 61.63

15 Dining area 4 30.97

16 Dining area 5 22.4

17 Bar 3 15.46

18 Office 9.0

19 Store room 1 28.7

20 Store room 2 5.86

21 Laundry 2.95

22 Toilet 3 1.22

23 Balcony 7.95

Figure 6.5: First floor plan of Geographer Café Figure 6.4: First floor plan of Geographer Café

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6.2 Classification of Space

6.2.1 Five Foot Walkway (Sunset Corridor)

Sunset Corridor is designed with the arches on the top and it also named

as Arched Corridor. The sitting area at the corridor is the best to enjoy

the sunset unveiling Jonker Walk’s magical splendour when dusk settles.

Figure 6.6 Old wing five foot way Figure 6.7: Arches are found along the corridor

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6.2.2 Air well (Tropical Forest, Little Prince)

Air well is one of the unique feature in Melaka houses. The reason of air

well is for ventilation purpose and water catchment. Water collected will

be used for watering. The air well also allows sunlight into the building,

lighting up the space.

Figure 6.8: Air well named as “Little Prince” Figure 6.9: Air well named as “Tropical Forest”

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6.2.3 Dining Area

The dining area is expanded in length, approximately three time bigger

than its width in a rectangular shape. The dining area found at the first

level is mostly for family gathering, professional gathering and events

like birthday and so on, in comparison to the dining area found in the

lower level which is only for casual client. Both levels of the building has

its dining area attached to a bar. The upper level area has more privacy

compared to the lower part, it is only accessible at night or when

reservation is made.

Figure 6.10: Old wing ground floor

dining area

Figure 6.11: New wing ground floor

dining area

Figure 6.12: Old wing first floor

dining area

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Dining Area (Tango Floor)

Tango floor is at the first floor of the old wing. The space is open for

event and night time. It consists of several windows around the space.

Wooden tables and chairs sit on wooden floors, while the walls are

adorned with all manner of global paraphernalia and the odd random

antique sits on a shelf. A quieter, wood-panelled room where old French

tunes added an eclectic touch to the rustic decor.

Dining area (New wing)

The dining area at the new wing is designed with the atrium. The atrium

is designed because the preview upper floor slab is low, so the space is

very small and uncomfortable. With the double volume atrium, the space

is much more opened and welcoming.

Figure 6.13: Tango Floor (Old wing first floor

dining area)

Figure 6.14: New wing ground floor

dining area

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6.2.4 Pavement

The pavement serves as a circulatory function. This feature can be found

in many shop houses in Malacca. It provide accessibility between the

shop house and road. Moreover, it allows interaction among the

neighbours.

The pavement is covered with red terracotta tiles. It provides a safe

place for passers-by to walk on when sightseeing around the area. It

protects them from the cars on Jonker Street.

Figure 6.15: Pavement around Geographer Café

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6.3 Circulation

Circulation refers to the way people take through and around

building. Circulation is often thought of as the 'space between the

spaces', having a connective function.

Normally, the entrance of a shop house in Malacca is placed off centre

and create its own symmetrical condition about its opening, but

Geographer cafe is an exception. Being in a corner lot, they have a lots

openings to maximize the flow of patrons into the building.

Figure 6.16: Location of Geographer Café

Figure 6.17: Points of entry

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The old wing is accessed first, followed by the new wing. The sequence

of spaces is also correlated to the degree of privacy, whereby the dining

areas are at the front.

The two staircase are vital to the building circulation, it is the only way to

create the vertical circulation to connect between the ground floor and

the first floor.

Figure 6.18: Dividing wall of the old wing and new wing Figure 6.19: Location of the staircases in Geographer Café

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6.3.1 Customers’ Circulation

The space at the front of cafe is considered as open because the spatial

design is avoided the interior barriers like walls and partitions.

The customers’ circulation of Geographer Cafe has a linear pattern of

movement. While the circulation within the first floor depends on the

event and the number of customer. During night, the first floor will be

open to public.

Figure 6.20: Customers’ ground floor circulation Figure 6.21: Customers’ first floor circulation

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6.3.2 Staff’s Circulation

The staff’s circulation is not only same as customers’ circulation, but also

extend to the end of the shop. As a cafe, the staff has to prepare and

serve the food and drinks to customers. Therefore, they have free

movement within the building such as kitchen, storeroom and bar.

Moreover, the spatial design at the back of the building is considered as

private. Areas such as the kitchen, bar and office are blocked with walls

and are connected with narrow walkways. The walls act as a partition

which indirectly prevents customers from entering those spaces.

Figure 6.22: Staff’s ground floor circulation Figure 6.23: Staff’s first floor circulation

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6.4 Relationship between Public and Private Space

In the geographer’s cafe, most of the private spaces such as kitchen,

storeroom, and laundry are located at the back of the building and the

dining area is located on the front. Owing to the dining area at the first

floor is open to public during night and event, so it considered to be a

semi-public.

SPACE ACCESS

1. Kitchen

2. Bar

3. Dining area( Ground Floor)

4. Dining area ( First Floor)

5. Five foot way

6. Covered Walkway

7. Office

8. Laundry

9. Store room

10. Toilet ( Ground Floor)

11. Toilet ( First Floor)

PRIVATE SEMI PUBLIC PUBLIC

Figure 6.24: Public and private spaces in

Geographer Café

Figure 6.25: Table indicating public and private

spaces in Geographer Café

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6.5 Relationship between exterior and interior space.

Relationship between covered walkway and the main dining area

The cafe is located at junction of the corner-lot as well as the centre of

Jonker Street. Jonker Street being one of the most famous place in

Melaka, it is pretty much crowded due to the night market in the weekend.

The covered walkway serves as a space connecting the interior spaces

to the exterior.

The dining area is an open space and people can look inside from the

exterior. This serves as both a way to attract people and as a ventilation

to the main dining area. The dining space show a deep sense of

openness which help to interact with the people from outside. The dining

area consists of different spaces scattered all the way around the

building, from the ground floor to the first floor but yet keep connected

giving the impression of a labyrinth.

Figure 6.27: Covered walkway in the old wing

Figure 6.28: Old wing ground floor dining area

87

7.0 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

7.1 Windows

7.2 Doors

7.3 Awnings

7.4 Air well

7.5 Arcade

7.6 Staircase

7.7 Ornaments

88

Geographer café is located within the brink of pre-war shopping street of

Chinatown (Jonker Street) in old Melaka. The Geographer café was

built based on the remaining of the ancient time that were seen during

the Malayan-Portuguese war. The war took place in the region of Melaka

bringing a multi trends after its end. Therefore, the buildings architecture

expresses the spiritual and cultural aspects of that specific period. Since

the building has an intrinsic value, its preservation was the only option

to save its significantly historical value, because once a piece of history

destroyed it is lots forever. The imminent design of the building illustrates

the mixture of Asian and western trends through several architectural

features presents in the building.

7.1 Windows

Glass free to allow better ventilation for indoor during the olden days.

Windows were designed with louvered technique and materials such as

timber were widely used. Both openings as each side allow huge

openings created wide view towards the Jonker Street.

It is considered as one of Geographer’s signature window located on the

first floor (Figure 7.1). After the renovation in 1999, glass were added as

another layer to prevent any damages to the interior of building.

Figure 7.1: French louvered windows

89

Figure 7.2: Large windows in the Café

enable good ventilation.

Figure 7.3: Wooden window located on

the first floor (balcony area)

90

7.2 Doors

The Geographer has been on Jonker Street for years, and sits inside a

beautiful heritage site. The classical style of the shop lot has been

renovated, maintaining the charm while playing with the decor.

Geographer Café is located in a conspicuous corner pre-war shop house,

hence the entrances are placed along the side and front of the building.

This allows spatial circulation of walking path, air ventilation, as well as

light penetration. The doors found in the café are mostly the typical

fashioned shop-house doors; metal folding doors.

Figure 7.4: Original metal folding doors

91

7.3 Dutch Awnings

Looking at the view of Jonker Street through one of the first floor

windows which is covered with a typical Dutch awning, one is able to

see the life of Jonker Street. This awning is made out of pure concrete,

which is why it is still in a good condition after all these years. One of

the main advantages of preserving the structure since the year 1999 is

that it maintains the originality of the building which then enhances the

characteristics of Geographer Café. Three Dutch awnings are located

along the long side of the café are well preserved and is maintained to

today with constant maintenance such as repainting and sealing cracks.

Figure 7.5: The Dutch awning made of concrete

is one of a unique characteristics of Geographer

Café.

92

7.4 Air Well

Important features of the shop-house is the use of air wells to introduce

natural daylight into the interior spaces as well as keeping the building

ventilated with natural air. Plants are planted in the air wells where users

are able to experience greenery indoor, hence creating an indoor

courtyard.

Old buildings like Geographer Café are built next to each other, causing

the lack of windows. The air wells are built in the middle of the buildings

to replace the windows the buildings lack. These air wells are spaces for

ventilation purposes as well as a water catchment area. Collected water

can be used for household activities.

Figure 7.6: Air well in the old wing

Figure 7.7: Air well in the new wing

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7.5 Arcade

An arcade is a succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next,

supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a lie of

such arches on one or both sides. In the Geographer Café, the arches

are supported by the columns on both sides, forming a covered walkway.

The arcade provides shelter for the pedestrians from sun and rain.

Tables and chairs are placed in the arcade to provide more seats for the

customers especially during the lunch and dinner time.

Figure 7.8: Arcade (Covered Walkway) in

the old wing of Geographer Café

94

7.6 Staircase

There are two staircases in the Geographer Cafe. The first, a half landing

staircase which is located in the new wing and secondly, a winder

staircase which is located in the old wing. The brick walls only provide

minimal support for both staircases. Both staircases are fully constructed

with timber. For the half landing staircase, material used in elements of

staircase were made out of timber finishing such as risers, treads,

handrails and balusters.

The winder staircase was constructed with modern vertical railings with

a narrow gap in between as a protection for children when they ascend

and descend the staircase. Materials such as timber is widely use to

enhance the warmth and it also harmonises the atmosphere. This allows

the user to feel the stability while moving around from space to space.

Figure 7.9: Half landing staircase in

the old wing Figure 7.10: Winder staircase in the

new wing

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7.7 Ornaments

Pilaster

The pilaster is used to give the appearance of a supporting column and

to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function. It

consists of a flat surface raised from the wall surface, it is usually treated

as though it were a column, with a capital at the top and plinth at the

bottom.

Geographer globe

Previously when this corner lot was known as Mei Jing Kopitiam, there

used to be an air hole. The air hole provides proper ventilation and

circulation, however during the renovation, a 38-inch globe was custom-

made to cover it. Inside we see one half of the globe and the other half

outside. The globe shines during the day because of sunlight and it is

lighted up at night.

Figure 7.12: Geographer globe

from interior

Figure 7.13: Geographer globe

from exterior Figure 7.11: Pilasters on the exterior

façade of Geographer Café

96

Cornice

A cornice is generally any horizontal decorative moulding that crowns a

building or furniture element or around the top edge of a pedestal. The

function of a projecting cornice is to run rain water off the building’s wall.

A cornice normally has a decorative aspect with it. In the Geographer’s

café, the cornice is place both at the top of the building and at the

beginning of the first floor.

Corbels

Corbels were first used in medieval cathedrals. They were both

architectural and intentional as a corbel is used to carry a specific weight

of the building or structure which in our case is the structure of the pitch

roof.

Figure 7.15: Corbels supporting

the old wing pitched roof

Figure 7.14: The cornice lines the

façade of the Geographer Cafe

Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting

the new wing pitched roof

Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting

the new wing pitched roof

Figure 7.16: Corbels supporting

the new wing pitched roof

97

Star Breeze Block

The star breeze block is a concrete block suitable for non-load bearing

masonry. Its general pattern is a star shape inside a square. The star

breeze block can also be linked more broadly to the tradition of the brise

soliel, which refers to any kind of sun baffle installed outside the skin of

the building. Since the star breeze blocks are not usually structural, they

were often used as ornaments to decorate a wall.

In Geographer Café, these star breeze blocks can be found only in the

old wing toilet and along the old wing staircase. It allows natural sunlight

to shine into a space. These star breeze blocks also improves the

ventilation of a space.

Figure 7.17: Star breeze block found

along the old wing staircase

Figure 7.18: Star breeze block in the

old wing toilet

98

8.0 BUILDING STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND

MATERIALS

8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction

8.2 Wall Construction

8.3 Roof Construction

8.4 Construction Materials

99

8.1 Floor Slab, Beams and Columns Construction

8.1.1 Ground Floor Slab Construction

The base of the building is strengthened by adding aggregate such as

stones and sand above ground. Concrete was added into the aggregate

before the terracotta tiles were placed as finishing.

As for the covered walkway, cement-sand screed is used and is covered

with cement topping. The concrete is then scored to create patterns

instead of leaving it plain.

Aside of the covered walkway and air wells, all floors on the ground floor

level are covered with terracotta tiles.

Figure 8.1: Terracotta Tiles

Figure 8.2: Scored Concrete Flooring

100

Terracotta Tiles

Terra cotta is one of the oldest tile materials around, dating back before

the birth of Christ, when it was sun-dried rather than oven-fired. People

often use it, glazed or unglazed, to create different looks.

Figure 8.3: Plan indicating location of terracotta tiles

Figure 8.4: Terracotta flooring of ground floor old wing

Figure 8.5: Terracotta flooring of ground floor new wing

101

Scored Concrete Floor

The scoring of the concrete floor is done by using machine tools to score

lines or patterns on a dried concrete. This allows different patterns to be

created on the concrete.

Figure 8.6: Plan indicating location of scored

concrete floor

Figure 8.7: Scored concrete floor at the covered walkway

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8.1.2 First Floor Slab Construction

Timber Floor System

Geographer Café has mixed construction method. A large section of the

first floor uses timber floor system. The timber floor system of some parts

in this building consists of timber planks that sits on an array of timber

joists. These joists are slotted into concrete beams which are reinforced

by steel I beams to resist shear force from acting upon the concrete

beam.

Figure 8.8: Plan indicating the location of timber

flooring system

Figure 8.9: Timber joists supported by concrete beams

Figure 8.10: Diagram of timber joists supported

by timber beams

103

The other type of timber flooring system is where the timber beams are

supported by the walls. Timber joists are then placed onto the timber

beams. Lastly, the timber planks are fixed onto timber joists.

The timber joists and timber planks are exposed. It acts as the ceiling for

the ground floor as well as the floor for the first floor. Footsteps can be

heard from below when there are people walking above.

Figure 8.11: Timber joists supported by timber beams

Figure 8.12: Diagram of timber joists supported by

timber beams

Figure 8.14: Timber planks can be seen from

the ground floor

Figure 8.13: Timber flooring on the first floor

104

Concrete Floor System

A small section of the first floor of the cafe is of concrete floor system.

This floor system is constructed of reinforced concrete and is supported

by the load bearing walls and columns of the cafe.

The concrete flooring is scored and painted red to create a colourful and

fun space.

Figure 8.15: Plan indicating location of the concrete floor system

Figure 8.16: Scored concrete in old wing

first floor

Figure 8.17: Connection of the concrete

floor to the load bearing wall

105

Strengthening a steel beam may also be achieved by adding shear

connectors and providing either a new concrete slab or a new topping

over an existing slab of weak concrete.

Figure 8.18: Indication of I beam below the concrete slab Figure 8.19: Sectional detail for I beam and concrete

flooring

106

8.1.3 Columns

A column is a vertical structure in a building that transfers load from the

beams to the foundation. The columns found in Geographer Cafe

supports the overhang of the first floor. It is constructed with reinforced

concrete to increase the strength of the column.

Figure 8.20: Round columns in the old wing Figure 8.21: Quarter-circle column in the old wing

107

8.2 Wall Construction

The walls in Geographer Cafe is constructed with bricks. They are load

bearing walls that supports the building. Brick walls were widely used in

traditional buildings due to its durability on heavy loads. It is also fire

resistance which made it important as party walls.

Some walls in Geographer Cafe is exposed. Therefore the type of the

bond of the bricks can be identified. The old walls are constructed using

Stretcher bond.

Newer walls were constructed using English bond. This created an

interesting pattern on the walls especially where they are connected.

Figure 8.22: Exposed Stretcher bonds brick wall

Figure 8.23: New wing air well with exposed English

bond brick wall

Figure 8.24: A combination of Stretcher bond brick wall

and English bond brick wall

108

8.3 Roof Construction

Domestic Roof Construction (King Post Truss)

The roof construction system used in the building is the King Post Truss

Roof. The structure is built with timber and it is the simplest roof truss

structure. It is known as the most cost effective truss and it solves many

structural problems as well. The bottom chord acts as a “tie” for the room

holding the walls together. In Geographer café the strut is not included.

The timber purlins are fixed on the timber beams. Clay roof tiles are

arranged directly on the timber battens. The roof is left exposed so that

all customers can enjoy its beauty.

Figure 8.25: The structure of a King Post Truss. Figure 8.26: The roof structure of Geographer Café.

109

Clay Tiles (Spanish S-Tile)

The roof structure is covered with a layer of coverings using Clay Tiles.

There are many types of clay tiles and in Geographer Café the Spanish

S-Tile is used.

Figure 8.27: Example of “S” style clay roof tile and its

assembling

Figure 8.28: Construction drawing of clay tiles being

attached to roof structure

Figure 8.29: View of Geographer Café’s roof coverings

from the outside

110

8.4 Construction Materials

8.4.1 Terracotta Tiles

Terracotta tile is low-fired clays. It is commonly reddish and unglazed.

But it may also be hard-fired glazed or unglazed ceramic material. It is

formed by pressing clay into a mould.

Terracotta tile is widely used on the ground level of Geographer Café.

Depending on the degree of its firing, terracotta tiles are usually durable

thus allowing the floors of Geographer Café to be in good condition even

after a period of time. It is also fireproof and strong providing a desired

safety standard to the space.

It can be moulded into any shape virtually and it comes in a variety of

designs, colours and finishes depending on its constructed purpose.

Figure 8.30: Terracotta tiled flooring in Geographer Cafe

111

8.4.2 Clay Roof Tiles

Clay roof tile is one of the oldest and widely used types of roofing in the

world. It is extremely durable. It has a lifespan of over a hundred years

making its maintenance minimal and economically good. It comes in

various shapes and colours. Allowing more roofing techniques to be

applied.

This type of roof tile also has reflective properties. It aids in the efficiency

of heating and cooling systems. It is also resistant to mould or rot and

does not changes its size according to temperature. It is also able to

withstand violent weathers such as heavy rain or strong wind.

Figure 8.31: Clay roof tiles and timber battens of the roof

structure

112

8.4.3 Concrete

Concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made of Portland cement,

water and aggregates. Aggregates make up approximately 60-75% of

the mixture and they are usually sand and crushed rocks gravels and

etc. Different aggregates will influence the concrete differently in terms

of its durability, structural performances and cost.

Concrete is widely used in Geographer Café. It is used for columns, part

of the floor and the walls. Concrete is a non-combustible material

allowing it to withstand high temperature or in short, fire resistant. It is

durable as the weathering and corrosive effects are extremely minimal.

Fresh concrete can be easily handled and moulded to any desired shape.

Concrete requires minimal maintenance as it holds long life span

resulting it to be economically good. It also has high compressive

strength and good sound insulation to prevent sound pollution.

Figure 8.32: Concrete floor that is scored with patterns

similar to the terracotta tiles

Figure 8.33: Concrete columns in Geographer Café

113

8.4.4 Timber

Timber is used for many main elements in Geographer Café such as the

beams, floorings, windows, the doors and also the ceiling. Timber has a

lot of advantages which is why it was greatly used as a structure as

support for the building.

Timber can be a very good insulator. Back in the days when technology

was not as advanced, a building with proper temperature control was

desired to provide a comfortable space to live in. Without the help of

technology in the old ages, minimal production energy made timber one

of the preferred material to construct with.

This material is also easy to work with. It is easy to install and can be

used in many ways. Timber is readily available as long as trees are still

being planted.

Figure 8.34: Timber floors make up most of the first floor

Figure 8.35: Timber beams supporting first floor’s timber

planks

114

Figure 8.36: Timber staircase that connects ground floor

and first floor. Figure 8.37: The “signature” window of Geographer Café

constructed with timber.

115

8.4.5 Bricks

A brick is made up of clay, sand, lime and cement. It is a solid masonry

unit composed of inorganic non-metallic materials hardened or burnt by

heat or chemical action. It is commonly produced using mould.

Clay bricks are used to construct the walls of Geographer Café. Its

surface were rock face and it is rough. Bricks are good in adjusting the

building’s temperature. It keeps the building cool throughout the day.

English bond and Dutch bond were used in constructing the walls. The

brick walls are combined with both old and new bricks hence having 2

different brick bond techniques.

Moreover, the old brick wall was preserved and add on the new brick

wall at the first floor. The brick wall was intentionally skin off to see the

contrast between the old brick and new brick.

Figure 8.38: Intentionally exposed brick walls of

Geographer Café.

116

8.4.6 Steel

Steel is an alloy composed primarily of iron. It is one of the basic

materials used in most of today’s civil engineering industry because of

its strength and durability.

Steel is extremely durable as it is resistant to rot, mould or termites.

Though it is not used for framing in this building, it is used for its sliding

doors, balustrades and railings. Steel also has high compressive and

tensile strength in which it does not changes its form when applied with

force.

Figure 8.39: Steel folding door that were painted to prevent rusting

Figure 8.40: Steel railings surround the air well for safety

117

9.0 BUILDING DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION

9.1 Stains

9.2 Rusts

9.3 Peeling Paint

9.4 Fading Colours

9.5 Cracks

118

A building defect is defined as a material, component or finish which

does not meet its expected performance criteria. Defects can be found

in many buildings and form over time. As Geographer Café is an old

building, defects and dilapidation can be found all over the place.

9.1 Stains

Footstep of incoming visitors overtime which cause unwelcoming

appearance while moving to another space. This can be removed by

cleaning it from time to time.

Figure 9.1: Stairs located at old wing is discoloured due

to the footprints of customers

Figure 9.2: The floor tiles are stained from people’s

footprints

119

Elements left before Geographer Café, were kept and preserved to

enhance the significant features of the building. Overtime, weather

cause the elements to differ from its original appearance.

Some stains caused by insects waste and dust are hard to remove as

they are usually found in hard to reach areas.

Figure 9.3: Exposed roof tiles in the new wing

Figure 9.5: Dust and insect waste get stuck in the

Geographer globe

Figure 9.4: Gaps between timber structures are very dirty

120

9.2 Rust

Maintenance are not made frequently may cause rust to form on metal

surfaces. Severely rusted items should be replaced for safety purposes.

Other metal surfaces should be coated with anti-corrosion paint to

prevent rust.

Figure 9.6: The outdoor retractable table’s hinges are

rusted due to the weather Figure 9.7: Rust is forming on the metal sliding doors as

it always is exposed to the weather

121

9.3 Peeling Paint

A building would require new coats of paint every few years. In

Geographer Café, some paint has peeled off over time, leaving some

spots without any paint. This affects the overall atmosphere of a space.

Figure 9.8: The paint on the metal sliding door’s frame

has peeled off due to friction

Figure 9.9: The paint behind the lamp has fallen off from

the wall

122

9.4 Fading Colours

Colours on the floor, walls or furniture may fade over time due to many

reasons such as friction, UV rays or chemical reactions. This causes

many places in Geographer Café to lose its original charm, making it feel

dirty and uncomfortable.

Figure 9.10: The paint on the concrete floor next to

staircase in the old wing is worn off Figure 9.11: The timber table top’s colour has faded due

to customers’ constant rubbing

123

9.5 Cracks

Bad workmanship during the construction of the building or other

external factors may cause cracks to form on the walls. Some of these

cracks may be superficial while some may affect the strength of the

building. Any of these cracks would affect the appearance of a building.

Figure 9.12: Cracks has formed on the new wing’s walls Figure 9.13: The thickened arches have cracks on it over

time

124

10.0 CONCLUSION

10.1 Historical Significance

10.2 Cultural Significance

10.3 Reflections

125

10.1 Historical Significance

The Geographer’s Café has a long history dating back to the early

beginnings of Jonker Street in Melaka. Since the 18th century the

building has stood where it was first constructed, during all this time

Melaka had gone through numerous major events. During the 18th

century the Geographer’s Café has served as a “Kopitiam” to the

merchants of Jalan Hang Jebat although back then the building is known

as Mei Jing Kopitiam.

During the Dutch and British occupation of Melaka, Jalan Hang Jebat

was changed to Jonker Street, due to the sudden influx of European

migrants this meant that there were more businessmen and trading

being conducted along Jonker Street specifically. Jonker Street back

then was nicknamed “Wealthy Street”, this wealth meant that there were

newer businesses opening up and that the business flourished during

this period.

Throughout the building there can be found pre-war antiques and

memorabilia which reflects the rich history that the Café already has, this

charm brought by the amalgamation of the old and new is unique as the

antiques vary from the extraordinary to the mundane which blend

seamlessly with the backdrop of the busy shop-house. This sense of

preservation of the past is the highlight of the Geographer’s building as

many elements of the building itself is left un-altered and restored to its

original state. An interactive capsule that captures the essence and

lifestyle of the past.

126

10.2 Cultural Significance

Due to the Geographer’s long and diverse history, there have been many

cultural influences which have shaped the building itself. From the

designs to the antiques and posters that can be found throughout the

café, there is a distinct element from every culture such as the colonial

influenced Dutch awnings, posters of British propaganda can be found

giving visitors to the Café an insight to what it was like for the people

living under the colonial rule at the time.

The very shape of the building is typical of traditional Chinese Nyonya

shop-house, the Chinese influence can be seen throughout the Café

from olden memorabilia such as posters of singers from the 70’s to the

90’s and traditional Chinese newspaper clippings of various major

events that happened during that period. This diversity of cultures

extends to the food and drink as well, the Cafés signature dish would be

the Curry Ramen which is a very Malaysian fusions dish with Japanese

Ramen. The café offers a wide range of drinks as well, from fruit juices

and coconut freshly cut, coffee and teas but is especially popular for their

alcohol specifically the draught beers and their cocktails.

The building itself has been serving customers since it’s early conception

and has been a special place where customers from all different walks

of life can come to the Geographer’s Café and appreciate the living

historical setting of Jonker Walk and the character of the Café itself.

127

10.3 Reflections

The start of the project, we were assigned to study the context, history,

architecture features, significance, measured drawings of Geographer

Café, Malacca. Eclectic style architecture that influenced by Chinese

traditional elements, Dutch influence and etc. Main structures that can

be identified through the façade are the Dutch Awnings and the Chinese

traditional louvered windows and Metal panel doors. Renovations were

made few years back to enhance the characteristics of the building,

which includes the interiors and exterior elements. Interactions with the

building’s owner, Mr Peter Tseng, gave us assistance by providing tours

to understanding the background of this Café are clear.

We are given five days to collect data that can be done on spot. Planning

and organizing are essential to reduce circulation difficulty while

identifying necessary measurements when the business is in operating

hours. Measurements tools are used to increase efficiency such as

approximations for certain parts of the building and unreachable height

of the space. Despite the planning and exhausting most of our

manpower to cover as much of the building as possible, that one week

of site visit was not sufficient for us. In addition to the mounting problems

that we were all experiencing such as measurement that do not tally as

well as dimensions that do not fit. As a result, we had to perform

calculated approximations for certain parts of the building. There were

even occasions when certain lengths and dimensions had to be re-

measured countless times to ensure its accuracy.

Since the building is fully furnished, care had to be taken when recording

measurement for different parts of the building especially for places

where most customer activity is observed so that customers would not

be disturbed.

Interacting with the building’s staff also proved to be of assistance to us

as that has enabled us to understand the architectural layout and the

historical background of the building better. The curator who gave us a

tour of the café was able to provide us with significant information for the

different elements or layouts that are represented in the building.

128

The completion of our drawings with the consultation session with our

tutor sees our drawing improve further. The architecture drawing are a

huge and crucial part of our project not only to obtain a positive outcome

out of this but also to benefit us as individuals during our remaining

semesters. Given the numerous datelines and interim sessions which

we faced, we had to acquire CAD-ing skill swiftly.

129

11.0 REFERENCES

130

Book References

1. Allen, E., & Iano, J. (2009). The Fundamentals of Building Construction (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Ching, D.K. (2008). Building Construction Illustrated. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3. Melaka State Government. The guide to Melaka. (1st ed.). Malaysia: Leisure Guide publishing Sdn. Bhd.

4. Town and Country Planning Department, Melaka. The Core and Buffer Zones of the Historic City of Melaka. Malaysia

5. Teh, B.T., Wahab, N.A., Rusli, N.L. (2009, November 11). Malaysia World Heritage City, Melaka Town. Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia.

6. Weebers, R.C.M, Ahmad, Y. (2010, July). Architecture and Typology of “Dutch” shop houses in Melaka Malaysia. University of Malaya.

Online References

1. Ahmad. A.G. (1994). The Architectural Style of the Peranakan Cina. Retrieved March 1, 2017, from

http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/SeminarPaper/peranakan%20cina.html

2. Anonymous. (2007, September). Sejarah Melaka. Retrieved January 22, 2017, from

http://www.kotasejarah.blogspot.com

3. Anonymous. (2008). Geographer Cafe (Before and after). Retrieved January 20, 2017, from

https://www.slideshare.net/robomk/geographer-cafe-before-and-after

131

4. Anonymous. (2011). The History Of Geographer Cafe. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from

https://www.slideshare.net/elainechoo87/the-history-of-geographer-cafe

5. Anonymous. (n.d). Difference Between King Post & Queen Post Roof Truss. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from

http://gharpedia.com/king-post-queen-post-roof-truss/

6. Building Conservation. (2008). Typology of Shop houses in Malaysia. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from

http://buildingconservation.blogspot.com/search/label/Heritage%20Shophouses

7. Channibal.com. (2017). Chinese heritage in Malacca, Malaysia: Heeren Street and early shophouses. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from

http://www.channibal.com/Shop/Heeren.php

8. Designingbuildings.co.uk. (2017). Stainless steel in construction - Designing Buildings Wiki. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stainless_steel_in_construction#Introduction

9. Gsa.gov. (2016). Terra Cotta: Characteristics, Uses and Problems. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from

https://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/112578

10. Inspectapedia.com. (2017). Guide to Clay Tile Roof Styles, Shapes, Profiles, Uses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from

http://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Clay_Tile_Roof_Styles.php

11. Kamal, K. (2008, April 1). Categories and Style of Shop Houses and Townhouses in Malacca and George Town, Malaysia. Retrieved February

22, 2017, from

http://buildingconservation.blogspot.my/2009/01/categories-of-shophouses-at-malacca.html

132

12. Malaysiadesignarchive.org. (2017). Malaysia Design Archive | An Influence of Colonial Architecture to Building Styles and Motifs in Colonial

Cities in Malaysia. Retrieved January 30, 2017, from

http://www.malaysiadesignarchive.org/an-influence-of-colonial-architecture-to-building-styles-and-motifs-in-colonial-cities-in-malaysia/

13. Orientalarchitecture.com. (2017). Asian Historical Architecture: A Photographic Survey. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from

http://www.orientalarchitecture.com/cid/94/malaysia/melaka

14. Rozliani, M., Azree, O.M., Norazmawati, M.S., Ruhizal, R., & Hasnanywati, H. (2012). Classification of Inheritance Shop Houses in George

Town, Penang – UNESCO world Heritage Site. Retrieved February 16, 2016 from

http://anale-ing.uem.ro/2012/16.pdf

15. Selfhelpandmore.com. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Clay Tile Roofing - Self Help and More. Retrieved February 15, 2017, from

http://www.selfhelpandmore.com/building/roofing/types/clay-tile.php

16. Stephen Emmitt & Christopher A. Gorse. (2010). Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Retrieved February 10, 2017, from

http://books.google.com.my/books?id=6G0doVhKG40C&lpg

17. Tastimber.tas.gov.au. (2017). The Benefits of Building with Timber. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from

http://www.tastimber.tas.gov.au/SusArticle_View.aspx?articleid=71

18. Tsong, B.T. (2009). Malaysia World Heritage City: Melaka. Retrieved February 25, 2017, from

https://www.academia.edu/1706634/Malaysia_World_Heritage_City_Melaka

19. Vermonttimberworks.com. (2017). King Post Trusses. Retrieved February 27, 2017, from

http://www.vermonttimberworks.com/our-work/timber-trusses/king-post-truss/

133

20. Wijnen, B. (2017). Jonker Walk Melaka. Retrieved January 20, 2017, from

http://www.malaysiasite.nl/melakajonkerwalk.htm

134

12.0 APPENDIX

12.1 Photo Book

12.2 Scaled Drawings

135

Photo Book

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

Scaled Drawings

METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWINGGEOGRAPHER CAFE

NO 83, JALAN HANG JEBATMELAKA 7500, MALAYSIA

PRESENTED BY :

LIST OF DRAWINGS

NO DRAWING DRAWING NO1234

KEY PLAN, LOCATION PLAN, SITE PLAN & SITE SECTIONGROUND FLOOR PLANFIRST FLOOR PLAN

TEAM GEOMELAKA

GROUND FLOOR FINISH PLAN56789

1011121314

FIRST FLOOR FINISH PLANGROUND FLOOR REFLECTED PLANFIRST FLOOR REFLECTED PLANFRONT ELEVATIONSIDE ELEVATIONSECTION Q - QSECTION R - RSECTION S -SSECTION T - TSECTION U - U

SECTION V - VSECTION W - WSECTION X - X

15

161718

SECTION Y - YSECTION Z - Z

1920

NO DRAWING DRAWING NO

21 DOOR SCHEDULE 1

22 DOOR SCHEDULE 2

23 WINDOW SCHEDULE 1

2425

DOOR DETAILS26WINDOW DETAILS27OLD WING STAIRCASE & ATRIUM DETAIL28AIR - WELL DETAILS29

ROOF PLAN

GC - MD - KP - 01

GC - MD - FP - 02

GC - MD - FP - 03

GC - MD - RP - 04

GC - MD - FF - 05

GC - MD - FF - 06

GC - MD - RCP - 07

GC - MD - RCP - 08

GC - MD - ELE - 09

GC - MD - ELE - 10

GC - MD - SEC - 11

GC - MD - SEC - 12

GC - MD - SEC - 13

GC - MD - SEC - 14

GC - MD - SEC - 15

GC - MD - SEC - 17

GC - MD - SEC - 18

GC - MD - SEC - 19

GC - MD - SEC - 20

GC - MD - DS - 21

GC - MD - DS - 22

GC - MD - WS - 23

GC - MD - TD - 24

GC - MD - TD - 25

GC - MD - WD - 27

GC - MD - SD - 28

GC - MD - AWD - 29

ISOMETRIC & EXPLODED PROJECTION30 GC - MD - ISO - 30

FLOOR TILING DETAIL: GROUND FLOOR

GC - MD - SEC - 16

FLOOR TILING DETAIL: FIRST FLOORGC - MD - DD - 26

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 2016AS SHOWNLOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

01GC - MD - KP - 01TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GEOGRAPHER CAFE

JALAN HANGJEBAT

SHOPHOUSE30

SHOPHOUSES 21

JALAN HANGLEKIR

GEOGRAPHER CAFESHOPHOUSE65 / 78 / 79

SHOPHOUSE144

B

B

JALAN TUKANG EMAS

JALAN KOTA LAKSAMANA

JALA

N HANG

LEKIU

JALA

N HANG LE

KIR

JALA

N HANG KA

STUR

I

JALAN TUN TAN CHENG LOK

Bacang

Taman BaktiTaman Kasturi

Taman BukitSenjuang

Pulau Melaka

Hatten City

Perkampungan Portugis

02DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

GC - MD - FP - 02TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

A1

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

03GC - MD - FP - 03TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

A1

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

1 : 5006 / 03 / 2016

LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

04GC - MD - RP - 04TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

A1

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

05GC - MD - FF - 05TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

A1

1 : 50SCALE :

DMZLOUIS, SUKESHDRAWN BY :

30MEASURED BY : -CHECKED BY :

DATE : 06 / 03 / 201606GC - MD - FF - 06TAYLOR'S

UNIVERSITY

A1

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

07GC - MD - RCP - 07

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50LOUIS, SUKESHDMZ-

08GC - MD - RCP - 08

A1

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, LOUISDMZ-

09TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - ELE - 09

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

10TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - ELE - 10

MAN KIT, LOUIS

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50ALEX, SUKESHDMZ-

VOID

void

VOID

11TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - SEC - 11

12TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

ALEX, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 12

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

13TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

ALEX, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 13

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

14TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

ALEX, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 14

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, SUKESHDMZ-

15TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - SEC - 15

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

16TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

MAN KIT, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 16

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

17TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

MAN KIT, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 17

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

18TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

HAZEL, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 18

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

A1

19TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

HAZEL, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 19

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

A1

20TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

HAZEL, SUKESH

GC - MD - SEC - 20

SINGLE -LEAF MSM GRILLE DOOR TO DETAIL

NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY

NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER SALOON DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME

NEW WING TOILET (GRD. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF WATER RESIST. TIMBER DOOR WITH TIMBERDOOR FRAME C/W G.I. LINING INTERNALLY

OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOORPADLET HANDLETIMBER DOOR FRAME

OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.) OLD WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W GLASS PANELTIMBER DOOR FRAME

NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOORTIMBER DOOR FRAME

1 NOS. 2 NOS. 1 NOS. 2 NOS.

1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50ALLDMZ-

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY

LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION NEW WING STORAGE (FIRST. FLR.)

1 NOS.

SINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR C/W METAL DOORPADLET HANDLETIMBER DOOR FRAME

75 600 75

13050 260

10080

1500150 1200

100

1001114

670

37.5

2087

91550 535 50

10140

1200110 110 325 110

130

60

805570

5

130

1800

50 800 50

13050

4521

10501400 424 420 260 130130

130166

20

119

50

300120

Out In

Out In

Out In

Out In OutIn

InOut

Out In

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - DS - 21

30

21

TEN-LEAF MS. FOLDING DOORMETAL DOOR FRAME

NEW WING FRONT FACADE (GRD. FLR.)

METAL DOOR FRAMEFIVE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR

OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)

METAL DOOR FRAMESIX-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR

OLD WING BALCONY (GRD. FLR.)

BLACK POWDER COATED MS.GRILL DOOR WITHMS.GRILLE ABOVE 1800MM HIGH FENCE WALL WITHCEMENT PLASTER ON BOTH SIDES

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

BLACK POWDER COATED GRILL DOOR

NEW WING WASHROOM (GRD. FLR.)

TIMBER DOOR FRAMETIMBER SLIDING DOOR

NEW WING (FIRST. FLR.)

TIMBER DOOR FRAMESINGLE-LEAF TIMBER PANEL DOOR

NEW WING WASHROOM (FIRST. FLR.)

1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.

1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

QUANTITY QUANTITY

LOCATION LOCATION

50

130

2000392 10

25392120

40

51464070

50 248 836 101195

9566051

20071054882

700600

4558440 350 45

127128305

50

50124

Fold

Fold

Out

In

FoldFold

OLDNEW

Fold

Out

In

Out

In

SLIDING

OLD

NEW

Out

In

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

30

22ALL

GC - MD - DS - 22

POWDER COATED ALUMN. FRAME TOP HUNG WINDOW& SLIDING WINDOW C/W 6MM THK.CLEAR GLASS

NEW WING KITCHEN (GRD. FLR.)

1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.

1 NOS. 2 NOS. 1 NOS.

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME (SIZE VARIES)

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME

OLD WING AIRWELL AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

TIMBER LOUVERED WINDOW

OLD WING BALCONY (FIRST. FLR.)

ALUMINIUM LOUVERED WINDOW

NEW WING TOILET (FIRST. FLR.)

FIXED GLASS WINDOW WITH TIMBER FRAME

NEW WING OFFICE (FIRST. FLR.)

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

06 / 03 / 20161 : 30

DMZ-

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

TYPE

TYPE TYPE

TYPE

TYPE

TYPE

QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY

LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION

LOCATIONLOCATIONLOCATION

QUANTITY QUANTITY QUANTITY

75

38

195

120

75

2250

750 750

3722 375039546835 90 1022

372235 90 1022 123923

3561

60 33 675

90075

150

75

5207

75 345 75 75454345250195

750

240

230

240

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

30

23ALL

GC - MD - WS - 23

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50CHO MUNDMZ-

24TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - TD - 24

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

25TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

CHO MUN

GC - MD - TD - 25

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZELDMZ-

LOCATION

TYPE

QUANTITY

Out

In

404 17 18100

2531

18

METAL DOOR FRAMESEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

1 NOS.

METAL GATE FRAMEBARRICADE COLLAPSIBLE GATE

OLD WING RIGHT (FIRST. FLR.)

1 NOS.

1 NOS.

SIXTEEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOORMETAL DOOR FRAME

OLD WING FRONT (GRD. FLR.)

METAL DOOR FRAME

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

METAL DOOR FRAME

OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.) OLD WING RIGHT (GRD. FLR.)

METAL DOOR FRAMESEVEN-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR THREE-LEAF MS.FOLDING DOOR

Fold

Fold

50

Out

In

2415

2315

100

2861376100 5

Fold 50

Out

In

2580

9724

82

113097 308 97308

Fold

50

Out

In2415

2284

100

100 364 52777

Fold

50

Out

In

TYPE

TYPE

LOCATION

QUANTITY

LOCATION

QUANTITY 1 NOS. 1 NOS. 1 NOS.

97

404 17 18

100

2531

18

50

100 364 52777 50

2861376100 4

25

565

97 308 30850

2858

364

3440400360

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

GC - MD - DD - 26 26

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50

DMZ-

CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS

OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

TIMBER WINDOW

NEW WING FRONT DINING AREA (GRD. FLR.)

1 NOS. 1 NOS.

75 7510401190 150

CONCRETE FRAMED TIMBER LOUVERED PANELS WITH GLASS WINDOW

OLD WING DINING AREA (FIRST. FLR.)

3 NOS.

118977 1035 77

115

58

BLUE PAINTED TIMBER GRILL WINDOW

OLD WING STORAGE ROOM (FIRST. FLR.)

1 NOS.

113070 120

25 1304045

TYPE TYPE

LOCATION

QUANTITY

LOCATION

QUANTITY

TYPE TYPE

LOCATION

QUANTITY

LOCATION

QUANTITY

75 7510401190 150

1130

70

120

25

130

4045

118977 1035 77

115

58

1600443 623 115

130

50

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY

MAN KIT, CHIAO ER, HAZEL

27GC - MD - WD - 27

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50CHIAO ER, HAZELDMZ-

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 28GC - MD - SD - 28

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY :

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 50MAN KITDMZ-

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 29GC - MD - AWD - 29

DATE :SCALE :DRAWN BY :CHECKED BY :MEASURED BY:

30

06 / 03 / 20161 : 100J.H TAYDMZ-

TAYLOR'S UNIVERSITY 30GC - MD - ISO- 30