REGIONAL SCIENCE AND PLANNINGASSIGNMENT - II

SUBMITTED BY :- A.POOJA (2130200133)P. AMULYA (2130200134)VI SEMESTER , III YEARB-PLANNINGSPAV

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SETTLEMENT PATTERN FOR AN IRRIGATED COLONY AN APPLICATION OF THE CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

THE “CULTIVATION OF HABITABILITY” OF A GIVEN AREA OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT HAS BEEN THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE IN SOME OF THE MAJOR EXERCISES IN REGIONAL PLANNING UNDERTAKEN IN RECENT YEARS EX :- 1.) THE NORTH – EAST POLDER DEVELOPMENT IN HOLLAND 2.) THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JEZREEL VALLEY IN ISRAEL 3.)THE THAL PROJECT OF THE NORTHERN PUNJAB IN WESTERN PAKISTAN.

IN THE ARID ZONE OF INDIA TOO, THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RAJASTHAN CANAL, RESULTING IN PIONEER PEASANT COLONIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT, PROVIDED AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PLANNING STUDIES OF A SIMILAR KIND.

ONE SIMILARITY IN ALL THESE REGIONAL ENTERPRISES IS THAT THEY ENTITLED BOTH COLONIZATION OF BOTH PREVIOUSLY UNOCCUPIED/UNDER POPULATED AREAS AND THE MORE EFFECTIVE UTILISATION OF THEIR RESOURCE ENDOWMENTS.

* THEY PROVIDE INTERESTING VARIANTS IN

PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL

AND URBAN COMMUNITIES, A PROBLEM IN WHICH BOTH

GEOGRAPHERS AND REGIONAL PLANNERS

EVINCE EQUAL INTEREST.

* ONE OF THE GREAT ADVANTAGES OF PLANNING FOR AN ALMOST A VIRGIN

AREA SUCH AS THE “RAJASTHAN CANAL AREA”, LAY IN THE CLEAN SLATE IT

OFFERED AND THE UNFETTERED FREEDOM OF

CHOICE IT PERMITTED, WHICH ENABLED THE

PLANNER TO BUILD IDEALS AND TO TEST THE

APPLICATION OF SOME OF THE WELL – KNOWN

THEORIES IN REGIONAL PLANNING.

* WHILE A HIGHLY COORDINATED, BALANCED

AND FUNCTIONALLY EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL

PATTERN OF SETTLEMENTS FOR THIS AREA, THE

CENTRAL PLACE THEORY ADVOCATED BY CHRISTALLER

WAS APPLIED WITH NECESSARY MODIFICATIONS

TO SUIT THE ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS, ECONOMY AND SOCIETY OF THE AREA.

WHAT IS A SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY ?• A settlement hierarchy is when settlements are ranked in order of size or importance. 1. CITY

4. HAMLET2. TOWN

3. VILLAGE

SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY

Isolated dwelling

Hamlet

Village

Town

City

ConurbationPopulation

1-10

11-100

101 – 2,000

2,001 – 100,000

100,001 – 1,000,000

1,000,001 +

population and size of settlement increases

The settlement hierarchy proposed for the area consists

of :-1.Basic Village

2.Amenity Village/Middle School Village

3.Service Town4.Mandi Town

5.Regional Town

HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS1.BASIC VILLAGE

•A village of less than 1,000 population works out to be uneconomical and a village of about 1,200 population appears to be optimum to support the basic institutions viz., a primary school, a sub-health centre and a cooperative society.

•A village of this dimension will also be viable local self – government unit, as it could generate adequate revenue needed to provide a minimum standard of civic amenities.

•The basic village for the area was visualized – •To secure equity among its inhabitants in the means of production (i.e. land in this case),•Efficiency to the village economy and•A sense of community among the residents.

•Its optimum size was determined by – •Studies on optimum farm size related to the economic holdings in the region &•The population size needed to support a certain minimum of services.

•An input – output analysis and farm management studies indicated that a 15 – acre farm would be the optimum family holding for the area. On this basis, an optimum village may have not more than 200 farm families (i.e. about 1000 persons).

2. AMENITY VILLAGE

Which is intended to serve a group of about 15 to 20 villages around it with essential services, shopping facilities and cultural activities.

This town will also have industries, but to a great extent they will be related to agriculture, such as the repair of agricultural implements and the processing of agricultural products.

The service Town will provide educational facilities up to the higher secondary level and will also have a Primary Health Centre with limited accommodation for in – patient treatment.

It will have a small shopping centre, telegraph and telephone facilities, fire station, police station, recreational facilities such as cinema and library.

Essentially designed to meet the felt needs of its surrounding villages, and as such, it has to grow with its “RURAL COMMUNITY”.

The optimum size of this town must be based on an assessment of the character of the economy of the area, and the needs of total population of the “Community” which it serves.

The total population that may be provided for in a service town may be between 4,000 – 5,000.

•The settlement at the second tier is an “amenity village” which assumes an elementary Central Place function through a mid school located in it to cater to a group of 3 – 5 villages.•The “Middle School Village” has no other social or economic significance.•Its location is determined with regard to convenience, so that it is accessible to every basic village within a distance of two to three miles from it.

3. SERVICE TOWN

4. MANDI TOWN

The largest – size of town in the canal tract is the “Mandi Town”, which is intended

to take care of the entire commercial and industrial needs of the area.

While the requirement of marketing the agricultural produce of the area provides

one solid base for working out the size of a Mandi Town.

The Gang Canal Area has 11 mandis, of which only 3, viz.. Ganganagar, Karanpur, &

Raisinghnagar may be considered as reasonable success.

TO CLOSE A PROXIMITY TO EACH OTHER

LACK OF RAILWAY AND ROAD TRANSPORT FACILITIES

LOSS OF HINTERLAND

LACK OF ADEQUATE HINTERLAND

THE REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF

OTHER MANDIS ARE

TO ENSURE SUCCESS, THE NEW MANDIS PLANNED FOR AREA SHOULD BE :-

Inter – town distance studies of mandi centres in the Gang Canal Area indicate that a

distance of about 20 miles would ensure a successful growth of these towns.

The mandis of the area should have a population size of at least 20,000 or more.

The mandi towns of the area must, therefore be built in stages, so that their

development would keep pace with the overall economic growth of the area.

SERVED BY COMMUNICATIONS

LOCATED SUFFICIENTLY IN THE “INTERIOR”, I.E. AWAY FROM THE INTERNATIONAL BORDER SO THAT NO EXTRA – TERRITORIAL LINKS COULD

DEVELOP.SPACED SUFFICIENTLY FAR APART FROM ONE

ANOTHER, SO AS TO ENSURE ADEQUATE HINTERLAND, WHILE PROVIDING A REASONABLE

ACCESS FOR THE VILLAGES.

5. REGIONAL TOWN

The 27-mile-wide strip of the Rajasthan Can Area which adjoins the Indo-Pakistan border is, therefore, ruled out for the Possible location of any Regional Town.

Defence considerations suggest that no big town should be located at less than a distance of 50 miles from the international border.

At the apex of the hierarchy is conceived as the administrative, economic and cultural focus of the region and would contain all the integrative elements to bind this centre and its constituent units into a functional unit.

The Regional Town for the area must, therefore, be located outside the Canal Command area at “growing points” of the economy.

Thus any planning for the Rajasthan Canal Region must not merely seek to lay down the guidelines for the growth of new settlements in the “Canal Tract” but must also strive to tie up such developments with the existing settlements outside this area, by promoting functional linkages.

The “Canal Tract” which is the potential area for the growth of new settlements has a gross command area of more than 10,000sq.miles.

Under assumptions of full development of the irrigation potential, it is expected to support a total population of 20 lakhs.

The settlement pattern for the irrigated colony may consist of 6 Mandi towns, 350 Middle school villages and 1000 basic villages.

Four Regional Towns may also be outside the “Canal tract” to serve as the administrative, economic and cultural foci of the region.

NAURANGDESAR DISTRIBUTARY AREA – A CASE STUDY ON SUB-AREA LEVEL PLANNING

Rajasthan Canal Region : Settlement pattern

First distribution channel part of the Rajasthan Canal system. Long: 24.6 miles Distributary area : Irregular rhombus to the south of the Bhakra area(gross area – 1,01,000

acres including 67,000 acres of cultivable command area & 34,000 acres of uncommand area. Canal composition : canal feeder : 26.4 miles Harike barrage(Punjab) : 110 miles(run without irrigation) Rajasthan : 23 miles Irrigation potential : 1.87 % of the total for the Rajasthan Canal system. PHASES : 1970-1971 – non-perennial irrigation stage – intensity of irrigation is 40 % kharif & 20 % rabi. Perennial stage – intensity of irrigation planned is 78%(33 % kharif & 45 % rabi.)

DEVELOPMENT OF AREAS TOTAL IRRIGATION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE ABOUT 10 YEARS AFTER THE ADVENT OF IRRIGATION IN 1961.

Carrying capacity of the area : 26,100 agricultural population 8,700 non-agricultural population 34,800 total population(1971) Proposals : 1. Two service areas ( at Naurangdesar and the other in a new location) 2. No mandi towns ( as the area already have good mandi centres) Ex. Of mandi towns – Suratgarh ( 8 miles to the west) Rawatsar (2 miles to the south) Pilibanga (2 miles away from the area) Hanumangarh ( 8 miles to the north)

3.Proposed basic villages (already existing ones 15 – population of 2000) 6 – population of 1000-2000) 6 – population of less than 1000)4. Relocation of 3 hamlets( having hundreds population)

PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOLLOWED WHILE LOCATING NEW BASIC VILLAGES :

1. The boundaries of the villages were made to coincide with the existing chak system2. The distance of place of work was considered very rigidly – villagers should not walk not

more than 1.25 to 1.5 miles to work place.3. All new locations were located about 4 to 5 furlongs away from the canal – In order to

reduce the water pollution.

The new basic villages proposed – 22 but by including existing villages, the total number of villages proposed are 37 ( 9 MIDDLE SCHOOL VILLAGES AND 2 SERVICE TOWNS)

OUTCOME:Avg . Distance between the Middle School Villages and basic village – 2 to 3 milesAvg . Distance between the service town and basic village – 5 to 6 miles.

HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS is important as the order of importance is usually based on the following parameters which are very useful in planning an area without any issues in future :

• The area and population of the settlement (size).

• The range and number of services/functions within each settlement.

• The relative sphere of influence of each settlement.

CONCLUSION

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