Redefining the 21st Century Collection

Constance MalpasProgram OfficerOCLC Research

Redefining the 21st Century CollectionRedefining the 21st Century Collection

Game Changers

19 March 2012

OCLC Research: what we do OCLC Research: what we do

Special focus on libraries in research institutions:

in US, libraries supporting doctoral-level education account for <20% of academic libraries;>70% of library spending

changes in this sector impact library system as a whole; collective preservation and access goals, shared infrastructure, &c.

Supports global cooperative by providing internal data and process analyses to inform enterprise service development (R&D) and deploying collective research capacity to deepen public understanding of the evolving library system

OCLC Research: how we workOCLC Research: how we work

OCLC has a particular interest in understanding how the scope and scale of library service provision are changing, and a special responsibility to help libraries plan for and implement shared services. To advance thinking on these issues within and beyond the library community, OCLC Research has developed a dedicated program area that draws on OCLC’s unique research capacity and broad institutional reach, encompassing both quantitative analysis , community consultation and outreach . . .

RoadmapRoadmap

• Collections grid – shift in attention and resources

• Sourcing / scaling - group strategies for a changed environment

• Mega-regions – framework for exploring the ‘natural’ organization of the library system

Along the way, some illustrative examples of how the collections environment is evolving…

Please feel free to interrupt and ask questions!

Low Stewards

hip

High Stewards

hip

In few collectio

ns

In many collectio

ns

Collections Grid

Research & Learning Materials

Open Web Resources

Purchased materialsLicensed E-Resources

Special CollectionsLocal Digitization

Licensed

Purchased

Credit: Dempsey, Childress (OCLC Research. 2003)

Low Stewards

hip

High Stewards

hip

In few collectio

ns

Licensed

Purchased

Limited

High attention

Less attention

TacticalAspiratio

nal

Occasional

Intentional

Library attention and investment are shiftingIn many collectio

ns

OCLC Research, 2010.

Low Stewards

hip

High Stewards

hip

In Few Collection

s

In Many Collection

s

Academic institutions are driving this change

Licensed

Purchased

Redirection of library resource

today

+5 yrs


Low Stewards

hip

High Stewards

hip

In Few Collectio

ns

In Many Collectio

ns

Externalize non-distinctive operations, internalize value creation

Licensed

Purchased

organizational impact, institutional

reputation

‘commodity’ resources, less

distinctive value

collections of distinction, centers

of excellence


ALow

Stewardship

High Stewards

hip

In Few Collectio

ns

In Many Collectio

ns

Shared Infrastructure

Dspace, Fedora, Blackboard, Sakai

ContentDM, HathiTrust

Shared print,Shared storage

Group licensing, ArchiveITERM,

Portico, &c


Institution WebGroup

Third-Party

Public

Collaborative DSpaceTripod:

(Tri-collegelibrary catalog)

RePEc

BibliographicStandards

(LC Classification,MESH, LCSH)

OhioLink(resource sharing &

negotiation oflicenses &

subscriptions)

JISC CollectionsVTLS Virtua(hosted ILS)

worldcat.org

PubMed

Sou

rcin

gScaling

Mechanisms forexternalization

Where are groups and consortia in all this?Where are groups and consortia in all this?

• Leveraging economies of scale to support cost-effective externalization

• Supporting an expanding scope of collaborative activity

FromLibrary automationResource-sharing/ILLGroup licensingCoop. collection developm’t

ToShared printDigitization at scaleData curationImpact measures, advocacy

Can existing cooperative structures do all this?

Shared services build HE capacity

Third-party source, provisioning

Group (national) scale, impact


Third-Party

Public

Collaborativ

e

CRKN

Sou

rce o

f P

rovis

ion

Scale of Benefit


Licensed / Electronic

JSTOR

PORTICO

Tennessee Electronic

Library

[Scrib’d

library.nu]

MeL

OCUL Scholars

Portal

LOCKSS

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,0000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Library Materials Expenditures – derived from ARL 2008-2009 statistics

Lic

ensed C

onte

nt

as %

of

Lib

rary

Mate

rials

$

Harvard

Yale

U Illinois, Chicago

Michigan

Princeton

AlbertaAuburn

Columbia

Johns Hopkins

Majority of research libraries shifting toward

e-centric acquisitions, service model

Shrinking pool of libraries with mission and resources to sustain print preservation as ‘core’ operation – 25?


E / P

Is spending more on an individual basis a viable solution?

Cf. “Radical collaboration – new, drastic, sweeping and energetic…”

James G. Neal

46M print book titlesin North American libraries

~5M in shared storage

4.8M HathiTrust books

in WorldCa

t

[‘20M scanned’]

4.3M Google Books in WorldCat

Print preservation: it’s academic.Print preservation: it’s academic.

889M WorldCat holdings:~60% in academic libraries

(~25% in ARL libraries )Based on WorldCat statistics.

{

Game changer? Books in PlayGame changer? Books in Play

This doesn’t look like play…

Learning how to Play with Books

As devices and formats evolve, digital books are

becoming increasingly

congenial toys (and tools) for a new generation

6 in 10 students…


Third-Party

Public

Collaborativ

e

Sou

rce o

f P

rovis

ion

Scale of Benefit


Purchased Collections

CIC SPA

NERD(Pr)Internet

Archive?

UC RLF

FLAREOhio Depository

WESTWRLC

Optimal locus of coordination, shared service provision will vary

Sou

rcin

g

ScalingInstitution Group Web

Internalized

Collaborative

Public

Third-Party

43

2

1

StraightExternalization

Self-Sufficiency

CollaborativeExternalization

Web-scaleExternalization

University of Chicago Mansueto Library

WESTCIC Shared PrintHathi PrintNN/LM Print ArchivingASERL Depository

New England Regional Depository

Google Books?


Third-Party

Public

Collaborativ

e

Sou

rce o

f P

rovis

ion

Scale of Benefit


Digital / Digitized Content

ContentDM hosted

American Memory

Luna InsightArtStor

Fedora

DSpace

Kentuckiana Digital Library

HathiTrust

FCLA Digital Archive

Ohio DRC

Value lies in impact on institutional reputation – not (or less) on transforming publication

models

maximizing global reach

D

Shared infrastructure: a survival strategyShared infrastructure: a survival strategy

Source: University of California Systemwide Library and Scholarly Information Advisory Committee Library Planning Task Force Interim Report, May, 2011 .

UC libraries aim to achieve $15M in cost reductions in 2011-2012

In this climate, shared services must deliver real

impact

http://www.flbog.org/about/librarytaskforce/_doc/Unified-Library-Services-Business-Plan-Final-Report-From-the-Chancellors-12-22-11.pdf

A 22M Budget for a 21st Century Library . . .A 22M Budget for a 21st Century Library . . .

EP

D

Cooperative infrastructure: scaling upCooperative infrastructure: scaling up

http://www.creativeclass.com/whos_your_city/maps/#Mega-Regions_of_North_America

Orbis -Cascade

ASERLGWLA

University of Idaho

Johns Hopkins

Univ. of Maryland

SCELC

CIC

FCLA

NERL

7:1

3:1

6:1

9:1

3:1

3:1

3:1

2:1

3:1

4:1

5:1

3:1

Size and Density (holdings : publications) of Mega-region Collections

Where is aggregate library resource most abundant?

Where are changes in sourcing and scaling most likely to occur? OCLC Research, 2012.

How can we leverage existing networks to strengthen library cooperation?


For discussionFor discussion

• Accountability and assessment – how are consortia measuring and communicating the value of current investments in print, electronic and digital content?

• Impact and advocacy – what counts as adequate impact? Is cost saving enough? Are shared services enabling partners to ‘collaborate to customize’?

• Sourcing and scaling – where is cooperative action likely to deliver maximum benefit? When does externalization to third parties make sense?

Thanks for your attention.Thanks for your attention.

[email protected]@ConstanceM

Education

Redefining the 21st Century Collection