Quality of life in india

ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN

DEVELOPMENT

Submitted To:Submitted To:Dr. Rajshree UpadhyayDr. Rajshree UpadhyayProfessor, College of Home Professor, College of Home Science, UdaipurScience, Udaipur

Presented By:Presented By:Shalini PandeyShalini PandeyM.Sc. Final YearM.Sc. Final YearDeptt. of HECMDeptt. of HECM

MEASUREMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND PRESENT STATUS OF INDIAN

POPULATION

QUALITY OF LIFE

• Various Government Policies• Developmental Programmes• Developmental Plans• Developmental Efforts By Different

Organization• Extension Efforts• Ministerial Efforts• Governmental Department• NGOs/VOs• Poverty Elevation Programme• Women And Child Development

Programmes• Social Support Schemes• Developmental Institute• Research Institutions

VsDegree of Well being felt by an

Individual

Physical well being

Psychological well being

DEFINITIONThe Wo rld He a lth O rg a niz a tio n describes QOL as a broad-ranging

concept that incorporates individual's physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and their

association to salient features of the environment.

According to ecological economist Robert Costanza:Quality of Life (QOL) has long been an explicit or implicit policy goal,

adequate definition and measurement have been elusive. Diverse "objective" and "subjective" indicators are used to measure quality of life.

An indicator is a

parameter that

indicates, gives

information and

describes certain

phenomena and their

evolution in time. For

years people have tried to find ways to measure the well-being of society.

THEORETICAL MEASUREMENT OF QOL

Measurement of “objective” or social indicators

Measurement of subjective well-being (SWB)

Quantitative aspects that are helpful in measuring social condition •Income•Employement•Education

cognitive sense of satisfaction with life•Life satisfaction•Pleasant ansd unpleasant Mood•Emotions

European System of Social Indicators for quality of life

(8) Labour market and working conditions

(9) Income/ standard of living/ consumption pattern

(12) Social security

(10) Health

(11) Environment

(13) Public safety and crime

(14) Total living situation

(1) Population

(2) Household and families

(5) Leisure/media/ culture

(3) Housing

(4) Transport

(6) Social and political participation

(7) Education and vocational training

Quality of life

indicators of OECD

Work–life balance Civic engagement and governance

Social connections Subjective well-being

Education

Health

Environment

Personal security

Health• One of the most valuable assets.

• Health status and job are the main factors that influence a person’s quality of life.

• Has an instrumental value, because good health enables working-age people to actively participate in the labour market and lifelong learning, as well as to have good social relationships.

Health indicators includes:

• Life expectancy at birth,

• Infant mortality,

• Self-reported health status,

• Self-reported longstanding illness,

• Self-reported limitations in daily activities,

• Obesity and overweight.

Work and Family Life Balance

• Equal amount of time resource for everyone

• Time distribution of individual have effect on quality of life

• Children well being depend on time devoted by parents to them.

• people’s preferred daily schedule depends on everyone’s family situation and priorities

Indicators when describing work and family life balance:

• long working hours,

• commuting time,

• time for leisure and personal care,

• satisfaction with time

• allocation,

• employment rate of mothers with children of compulsory school age.

Education

• Basic human need nowadays

• A tool that helps to achieve one’s goals in life

• Educated people are healthier, more active in social life and they earn higher wages

• People have different educational opportunities starting from the first years of life

Educational indicators

• The share of the population aged 25–64

with at least upper-secondary education,

• Participation rate in lifelong learning of the

population aged 25–64,

• Educational expectancy at age 15,

• Literacy Skills of 15-year-old students, and

• The students’ civic skills

Social connections

• Social creatures

• Well-being is very much affected by their social network or social capital

• People surrounded by supportive friends are happier

• Emotional support,

• The benefits of acquaintances can also be material.

• Help to develop common values and trust in one another at the community level

Indicators are:

• Social network support

• Frequency of social contacts

• Time spent on volunteering

• Trust in other people

Personal Security• Prevalence of crime in society

• Crime prevalence means unsafe and people are afraid to live

• Crime often has more victims than just one

• Indirectly people close to the victim suffer too

• Affects not only physical, but also mental health

• Difficult to measure

Indicators

• The number of homicides per 100,000 people,

• Self-reported victimisation,

• Violence against children, and

• Feeling of security.

Civic Engagement and Governance

• Political freedom is one of the basic human rights and freedoms.

• People’s sense of control over their lives. When an individual goes voting, he

• Participates in a public dialogue and shows that he has trust in

• Democracy

• Voting means politicians’ sense of responsibility towards society

• Contributes to the implementation of policies effective and represent people’s wishes.

Indicators on civic engagement and governance are:

• Voter turnout,

• Participation in other types of political activities,

• Consultation on rule-making, and

• Trust in institutions.

Environment• Quality of life is dependent on the surroundings

• To ensure the sustainability of natural resources for future generations

• The extent of polluted air, water, soil;

• How much there is noise,

• Artificial or natural materials around him.

• Most diseases are caused by the low quality of the living environment.

Indicators include:

• Air quality,

• Environmental burden of disease,

• Satisfaction with the quality of local environment,

• Access to green spaces.

Subjective well-being

• Life satisfaction indicators measure subjective well-being

• Shows how people assess their own well-being.

• Measuring of subjective well-being has often been questioned.

• The main issue concerning subjective well-being is whether it is possible to ask questions

so that everyone understands them the same way and answers according to similar

principles.

• Life satisfaction data should not describe the current emotional state; it should rather be

an assessment of a long-term situation.

Two subjective well-being indicators:

• Life satisfaction

• Affect balance.

WHOQOL-100

Health Psychology Level of Independence

Environment Social Relations Spirituality/Religion/Personal beliefs

QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX

Also known as where-to-be-born index, prepared by Economist Intelligence Unit of UN

attempts to measure which country will provide the best opportunities for a HEALTHY, safe and prosperous life in the years ahead

a tool for community development which can be used to monitor key indicators that encompass the social, health, environmental and economic dimensions

used to comment frequently on key issues that affect people and contribute to the public debate about how to improve the quality of life in the community

Where to born Index- 2013

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

A composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Created by Pakistani Economist Mahbub Ul Haq and Indian Economist Amartya Sen in 1990.

Published by the united nations development programme

Most commonly used international measure of development

WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT

Report combines both objective and subjective measures to rank countries by happiness

Report combines both objective and subjective measures to rank countries by happiness

Report outlined the state of world happiness, causes of happiness and misery, and policy implications

Published along with the HDI

In the global happiness

ranking list, India stands at rank 111 out of 187 countries

India’s Performance

Performance on

Education Indicators

• Mean years of schooling- 4.43• Expected years of schooling- 11.7• Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older)- 62.8• Population with at least some secondary education (% aged 25

and above)- 38.7• Gross enrolment ratio: pre-primary (% of children of pre-school

age)- 58• Gross enrolment ratio: primary (% of children of primary school

age)- 113• Gross enrolment ratio: secondary (% of children of secondary

school age)- 69• Gross enrolment ratio: tertiary (% of population of tertiary school

age)- 23• Primary school dropout rates (% of primary school cohort)- n.a.• Pupil-teacher ratio- 35• Expenditure on education (% of GDP)- 3.32


Performance on Health Indicators

• Life expectancy at birth- 66.41• Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)- 44• Under five mortality rate (per 1000 under five children)- 56• Infants lacking immunization - % of one year olds, DTP-12• Infants lacking immunization - % of one year olds,

Measles- 26• Antenatal coverage (% of live births)- 74.2• HIV prevalence (% ages 15-24), female- 0.1• HIV prevalence (% ages 15-24), male- 0.1• HIV prevalence (% ages 15-49), total- 0.3• Adult mortality rate (per 1000), female- 159• Adult mortality rate (per 1000), male- 247• Age standardized obesity rate (% of ages 20 and older)-

1.9


Performance on Economic Indicators

• Gross national income (GNI) per capita (2011 PPP $)- 5,149.81

• GDP (2011 PPP$) (billions)- 6,245.4• GDP per capita (2011 PPP$)- 5,050.11• Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)- 29.59• Domestic credit provided by the banking system

(% of GDP)- 76.59


Performance on Poverty Indicators

• Multidimensional poverty index- 0.28• Population in multidimensional poverty (%)- 55.28• Intensity of multidimensional poverty (%)- 51.1• Population near multidimensional poverty (%)-

18.24• Population in severe multidimensional poverty

(%)- 27.84• Population living below $1.25 a day (%)- 32.68• Share of working poor, below $2 a day (%)- 74.5


Performance on

Population Indicators

• Population total (millions)1,252.14• Population under age 5121.29• Population ages 65 and older- 66.05• Urban (% of population)- 32%• Median age (years)- 26.94 years• Dependency ratio, young age (ages 0-14)- 42.88• Dependency ratio, old age (65 and older)- 8.26• Sex ratio at birth (male to female births)- 1.11


Performance on Human Security

Indicators

• Birth registration (% under age five)- 41.1• Old age pension recipient s (% of statutory

pension age population)- 24.1• Refugees by country of origin (thousands)-

14.258• Homeless population (% of population)-

0.974• Prison population rate (per 100,000

population)- 30• Homicide rate (per 100,000)- 3.46


Performance on

Environment Indicators

• Primary energy supply, Fossil fuel (% of total)- 72.3

• Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (tonnes)- 1.67

• Natural resource depletion (% of GNI)- 4.88• Forest area (% of total land area)- 23.07• Fresh water withdrawals (% of total renewable

water resources)- 33.88• Population living on degraded land (%)- 9.6• Impact of natural disasters: number of deaths (per

year per million people)-1.45