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HISTORYAfonso I, also called Afonso Henriques, byname Afonso the Conqueror, Portuguese Afonso o Conquistador (born 1109/11, Guimares, Port.died Dec. 6, 1185, Coimbra), the first king of Portugal (113985), who conquered Santarm and Lisbon from the Muslims (1147) and secured Portuguese independence from Leon (1139).Afonso Henriques - Afonso I

First Portuguese King

Henry the Navigator was born in Porto, Portugal, in 1394. Although he was neither a sailor nor a navigator, he sponsored a great deal of exploration along the west coast of Africa. Under his patronage, Portuguese crews founded the country's first colonies and visited regions previously unknown to Europeans. Henry is regarded as an originator of the Age of Discovery. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince

Explorer Vasco da Gama was born in Sines, Portugal, around 1460. In 1497, he was commissioned by the Portuguese king to find a maritime route to the East. His success in doing so proved to be one of the more instrumental moments in the history of navigation. He subsequently made two other voyages to India, and was appointed as Portuguese viceroy in India in 1524.Pedro lvares Cabral, (born 1467/68, Belmonte, Portugaldied 1520)

Pedro lvares Cabral was a Portuguese explorer, navigator and military commander who is best remembered today as the leader of the expedition that first reached that lands of South America that are today regarded as Brazil.Ferno de Magalhes, 1480 27 April 1521, was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastin Elcano.

Born into a Portuguese noble family in around 1480, Magalhes became a skilled sailor and naval officer and was eventually selected by King Charles I of Spain to search for a westward route to the Maluku Islands (the "Spice Islands").

Commanding a fleet of five vessels, he headed south through the Atlantic Ocean to Patagonia, passing through the Strait of Magalhes into a body of water he named the "peaceful sea" (the modern Pacific Ocean).

Magalhes did not complete the entire voyage, as he was killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines in 1521.Ferno de MagalhesAristides de Sousa Mendes do Amaral e Abranches was one of the great heroes of the Second World War.

As the Portuguese consul stationed in Bordeaux, France, he found himself confronted in June of 1940 with the reality of many thousands of refugees outside the Portuguese consulate attempting to escape the horrors of the Nazi war machine. These persons were in desperate need of visas to get out of France, and a Portuguese visa would allow them safe passage through Spain to Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, where they could find liberty to travel to other parts of the globe.

In all, Sousa Mendes issued some 30,000 visas, including about 10,000 to Jews, over the period of a few days. This heroic feat was characterized by the Holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer as the largest rescue action by a single individual during the Holocaust.

Aristides de Sousa MendesFernando Jos Salgueiro Maia (1 July 1944 in Castelo de Vide, Portugal 4 April 1992 in Santarm), commonly known just by Salgueiro was a captain of the Portuguese army. He made a significant contribution to the Carnation Revolution (25th April 1974), which resulted in the fall of the then-ruling dictatorship.Salgueiro Maia

MUSICAmlia Rebordo Rodrigues (23 July 1920 6 October 1999) was a Portuguese fadista (fado singer) and actress. Known as the 'Rainha do Fado' ("Queen of Fado"), Rodrigues was instrumental in popularising fado worldwide and travelled internationally throughout her career.

She became one of the most important figures during the the twentieth century and was a leading female fadista during her 50-year recording and stage career.

Amlia Rodrigues remains an iconic figure and inspiration to other fado and popular music artists such as Madredeus, Dulce Pontes, and Mariza.

As of 1999, she had sold over 30 million records worldwide. Amlia remains the best-selling Portuguese artist of all times.Amlia RodriguesCarlos do CarmoCarlos do Carmo, (born Carlos Manuel de Asceno do Carmo de Almeida; 21 December 1939 in Lisbon, Mouraria) is a Portuguese fado singer, one of the finest in the "Lisbon Song". He is the son of another fado singer and fado house owner, Luclia do Carmo.

He began singing and recording in 1963.

He helped to open Lisbon Fado to other musical influences, like jazz and French music, as well as adding the orchestra to the traditional Fado guitar trio or quartet.

Carlos do Carmo celebrated 50 years of his career in 2013. In 2014, do Carmo received a Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award for his music career in Las Vegas making him the first Portuguese artist to receive a Latin Grammy Award.

Although he was born in Lisbon, his family moved to the northern city of Porto when he was just three months old. This composer and interpreter had a great impact on the Portuguese music scene with the record, Ar de Rock (April 1980), which influences were Eric Clapton and B.B.King. This album is considered a landmark of Rock music in Portugal, and the one that started the boom of Rock music in Portugal in the 1980s.Rui Manuel Gaudncio Veloso, commonly known as Rui Veloso, CavIH (born 30 July 1957, in Lisbon), is a Portuguese rock and blues singer and musician. Rui VelosoMaria Joo PiresShe is one of the most celebrated and loved pianists on the planet, whose recordings of Mozart and Chopin and Schubert are cherished for their intimacy and lucid beauty.

Now 67, shes played with the most prestigious orchestras and recorded for the most prestigious record label, Deutsche Grammophon.

Mrio LaginhaMrio Joo Laginha dos Santos, (Lisbon, April 25, 1960-), piano player and composer, is one of the most creative contemporary Portuguese jazz musicians.

He is mostly recognized for his recurrent collaborations with fellow Portuguese jazz singer Maria Joo, with whom he recorded over a dozen discs and toured Portugal and Europe several times. Other famed collaboration work includes four-handed piano sessions with Bernardo Sassetti and Pedro Burmester.

ARCHITECTURESiza was born in Matosinhos, a small coastal town near Porto. He graduated in architecture in 1955, at the former School of Fine Arts of the University of Porto.

He is one of the references of the Porto School of Architecture where he was also a teacher. Siza's work is often described as "poetic modernism";Siza VieiraEduardo Elsio Machado Souto de Moura , born 25 July 1952, better known as Eduardo Souto de Moura, is a Portuguese architect. Along with Fernando Tvora and lvaro Siza, he is one of the alumni of the Porto School of Architecture, where he was appointed Professor. Souto de Moura was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2011 and the Wolf Prize in Arts in 2013.Souto de Moura was born in Porto, and studied sculpture before switching to architecture at the School of Fine Arts of the University of Porto, the current FAUP Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, and receiving his degree in 1980. From 1974 to 1979 he worked with lvaro Siza Vieira at his architectural practice, who encouraged him to start his own firm.Souto MouraMEDICINEEgas MonizAntonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz

Born: 29 November 1874, Avanca, Portugal

Died: 13 December 1955, Lisbon, Portugal

Affiliation at the time of the award: University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, Neurological Institute, Lisbon, Portugal

Prize motivation: "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"

Field: neurophysiologyThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949Manuel Sobrinho Simes has been a pathologist for over 40 years After completing a medical degree at the University of Porto, he continued on to a doctoral degree with a focus on cancer of the thyroid.

After traveling for postdoctoral research, he returned to the University of Porto in 1980. Less than 10 years later, he founded IPATIMUP, the Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto.

The institute, which he still leads, is dedicated not only to research and diagnosis, but also to training pathologists and educating the general public on scientific subjects.

In the course of his career, Manuel has won many national and international awards.Sobrinho SimesRELIGIONPope John XXI .1215 20 May 1277), Portuguese: Pedro Julio), was Pope from 8 September 1276 to his death in 1277.Pope Joo XXILITERATURELus de Cames, in full Lus Vaz de Cames, (born c. 1524/25, Lisbon, Port.died June 10, 1580, Lisbon), Portugals great national poet, author of the epic poem Os Lusadas (1572; The Lusiads), which describes Vasco da Gamas discovery of the sea route to India. Cames had a permanent and unparalleled impact on Portuguese and Brazilian literature alike, due not only to his epic but also to his posthumously published lyric poetry.Lus de CamesFernando Antnio Nogueira Pessoa, June 13, 1888 November 30, 1935), commonly known as Fernando Pessoa, was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. He also wrote in and translated from English and French.

Pessoa was a prolific writer, and not only under his own name, for he dreamed up approximately seventy-five others. He did not call them pseudonyms because he felt that did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.Fernando PessoaThe Nobel Prize in Literature 1998Jos SaramagoJos de Sousa Saramago, 16 November 1922 18 June 2010), was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the human factor.

More than two million copies of Saramago's books have been sold in Portugal alone and his work has been translated into 25 languages. He defended love as an instrument to improve the human condition.

Saramago was a founding member of the National Front for the Defense of Culture in Lisbon in 1992, and co-founder with Orhan Pamuk, of the European Writers' Parliament (EWP).SPORTSCarlos Alberto de Sousa Lopes,, born February 18, 1947) is a Portuguese former long-distance runner, winner of the marathon race at the 1984 Summer Olympics, in Los Angeles. He brought home Portugal's first ever Olympic gold medal along with a new Olympic record 2:09.21.

Carlos LopesRosa Maria Correia dos Santos Mota, born June 29, 1958, is a Portuguese former marathon runner, one of her country's foremost athletes, being the first sportswoman from Portugal to win Olympic gold. Rosa Mota was the first woman to win multiple Olympic marathon medals as well as being the only woman to be the reigning European, World, and Olympic champion at the same time. On the 30th Anniversary Gala of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) she was distinguished as the greatest female marathon runner of all time.Rosa MotaCristiano RonaldoFull Name: Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos AveiroBirth date: February 5th, 1985Age: 32 years oldBirthplace: Funchal, Madeira - PortugalHeight: 186 cm (1m 86cm)Weight: 84 kgField position: Left/right winger, striker/forwardFirst professional club: Sporting Clube de PortugalCurrent club: Real Madrid (since 2009)International team: PortugalNicknames: CR7, CR9, RonnyCristiano Ronaldo is a player who is destined to make history. Thanks to his immense natural talent, the Portuguese forward is a commanding leader for Real Madrid and his national team. One of the world's best players, Cristiano Ronaldo won everything with Manchester United before completing a world record transfer to Real Madrid in 2009. He has won the Ballon d'Or four times during his glittering career.The UEFA Euro 2016 Final was a football match that took place on 10 July 2016 at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, to determine the winners of UEFA Euro 2016.Portugal defeated the hosts and two-time winners France 10 after extra time, with a goal from substitute Eder, to claim their first-ever major tournament title. In doing so, they became the tenth nation to win the UEFA European Championship, 12 years after losing their first final at home in 2004European Champions 2016Jose Mourinho is a football manager, widely regarded as one of the best coaches in the game. He has led numerous top European teams to national and European honours. He is also renowned for his acerbic and self-confident style. He is often referred to as The Special One a nickname to describe his unique character and strong track record.Jos Mourinho

PoliticsAntnio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres, born 30 April 1949, is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously, he was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees between 2005 and 2015.

Guterres was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002, and was the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party from 1992 to 2002. He served as President of Socialist International from 1999 to 2005.Antnio GuterresThese are only a few of the most important people of the Portuguese Nation.

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