EDU 702RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

SURVEY, CORRELATION & CAUSAL COMPARITIVE RESEARCH

Prepared for:DR. JOHAN @ EDDY LUARAN

Prepared by:Akmal Binti Ahamed Kamal 2013518657Fatin Athirah Binti Ismail 2013374739

Maryam Solehah Binti Zakaria 2013932773Nor Nadia Bt Abdul Razak 2013168885

Nur Nabihah Binti Mohd Nizar 2013151033Nurul Aina Binti Che Arifin 2013110407

What? Determine specific characteristic.

Descriptive survey Interview

SURVEY RESEARCH

Describe characteristic of a population

Distribute themselves on one or more variables

Why are survey conducted?

Type of survey

Cross sectional survey

Collect information from a sample atjust one point in

time

Longitudinal survey

Collect information at

different point in time

1) Trend study2) Cohort study3) Panel study

1.Trend Study~ A populations whose members may changer over the time

2. Cohort Study~ A particular populations whose members do not change

3. Panel Study~ use the same sample at different times

Is means a survey should be sufficiently interesting & important to motivate individuals to respond.

Researcher need to define clearly their objective in conducting a survey.

Each question should relate to one or more of the survey objective.

One strategy for defining survey questions is use a hierarchical approach.

What is hierarchical approach?

Steps in survey research

The focus of study in a survey is called the unit of analysis.

What is unit of analysis? As in other types of research, the group of

person that is the focus of the study called the target population.

There are four basic ways to collect data in a survey such as:

By direct administration to a group By mail By telephone By personal interview

What? Investigate the possibility of

relationships between only two variables.

Descriptive research- describe an existing relationship between variables.

Carried out for one or two basic purposes either to help explain important human behaviour or to predict likely outcomes.

CORRELATION RESEARCH

To carried out to help explain important human behaviours or to predict likely outcomes.

Purposes of correlational research

Explanatory studies It is to clarify out understanding

of important phenomena by identifying relationship among variables.

Always investigate a number of variables they believe are related to a more complex variables such as motivation or learning.

Types of correlational research

Selecting a problem

Choosing a sample

Selecting or developing instrument

Determining procedures

Collecting and analyzing data

Interpreting result

Basic steps

Teacher about to study the causes of the amount of descriptive behaviours display in class.

Student having difficulty in mathematic subject. Teacher about to study the causes of student does not perform in the subject.

Example

What? Investigator attempt to determine the

cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among group of individuals.

Sometimes viewed, along with correlational research, as a form of associational research, since both describe conditions that already exist.

CAUSAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

That two groups of individuals differ on some variable ( such as teaching style) and then interrupt to determine the reason for, or the result of this difference.

Example

Group Differences

The group difference variable in a causal comparative study is: Either a variable that cannot be

manipulated (such as ethnicity) or one that might have been manipulated but for one reasons or another has not been (such as teaching style)

Example: in the effects of a new diet on very young children

It is about one of the type of research method that using comparison between cause and effect. Comparisons can establish whether something can be explained by the same causes or not. The difference can be a conclusion but not for the cause of difference. Interpretation of this kind of method is limited because these studies are of value in identified possible causes of observed variation in the behaviour pattern of students.

This kind of research can be used in prediction about problem such as, the different achievements of student in the class. If it about teaching methods, it can be research either it is related with art multimedia method or the self-learning methods.

Type Of Research

Research objectives are: To identify the meaning of survey,

correlation and causal comparative research.

To examine the types of survey, correlation and causal comparative research.

To identify the purposes of this three research method.

Example Of Research Objectives

Research questions are: What are the meaning of survey, correlation

and causal comparative research? What are the types of survey, correlation

and causal comparative research? What are the purposes of this three

research method?

Example Of Research Questions

What are three (3) longitdinal designed are commonly employed in survey research?

What are advantages and disadvantages to collect data in a survey by web- based survey ?

What will you find when you handle correlational research?

What is purpose of correlational research? What differences in abilities are caused by

gender? Do you think casual comparative-research can

avoid the bias judgement?

Question