MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATIONTROY - GREECE

TROY (2004)During the late Bronze Age, Helen of Sparta becomes Helen of Troy when she leaves her husband Menelaus for a prince of Troy named Paris. Menelaus asked his brother, Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, to help him get his wife back. Agamemnon sees this as an opportunity for expanding his power and ignites the Trojan War.

10 MAIN CHARACTES IN TROY

AchillesGreatest warrior

in Trojan War

HectorPrince of Troy, a Trojan hero &

warrior

ParisPrince of Troy

HelenWife of Menelaus;

Run away with Paris

Agamemnon

King of Mycenae

BriseisLover of

Achilles; cousin of the Trojan

princes

PriamKing of Troy

Menelaus

King of Sparta

Andromache

Wife of Hector

OdysseusLeader in Trojan

War

SIGNIFICANT SCENE

- Idea of Odysseus- Unable to defeat the Trojans without deception, the Greeks finally decide to bring soldiers into the city inside a wooden horse and they bring the victory.

TROJAN HORSE

INTRODUCTION ANCIENT GREEK

BASIC TIMELINE OF ANCIENT GREECE

HELLENISTIC(323 – 31 BC)

-Spreading of Greek culture

MYCENAEAN AGE

(1600 – 1100 BC)- Trojan war

ARCHAIC AGE(750 – 500 BC)

- The Olympic- Rise of city states- Re-established of the use of written language

CLASSICAL AGE(500 – 323 BC)

-Golden age- Persian War- Aristotle & Plato - Democracy

MINOAN AGE(3000 – 1600 BC)- Development of art and architecture

DARK AGE(1050 – 750 BC)

-Time of wandering and killing- Overseas trade stopped

BRONZE AGE

MYCENAEAN AGE

(1600 – 1100 BC)- Last phase of Bronze Age

- Name derives from the site of Mycenae in the Peloponnese.

- Represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system.

WHAT DEVELOPED MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION ?

• Minoans were conquered by the Mycenaean Greeks

• This conquest came at a weak period of Minoan culture

• Many Minoan sites erupted.

• Allowed the Mycenaeans to overthrow the Minoans and replace them as the dominant culture of the region.

Conflict between Mycenaeans and

Minoans

Volcanic eruption on the island of

Santorini near Crete

MYCENAEAN PEOPLE

• The Mycenaeans were among the first people to settle in Greece.

•  They are not the first literate culture in the Greek world. Instead, that honour goes to the Minoan people, from the island of Crete.

• They were not completely commercially minded. Instead, like so many other ancient cultures, they thrived off of conquest.

DECLINE OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

• Civil war• Slave revolts• A tribe from the north known as the Dorians invaded the Peloponnesus

• Greece was subsequently thrown into a Dark Age

• The written Mycenaean language was completely forgotten by the Greeks

• A massive reduction in settlement sites

• No more luxurious weapons and vases.

CAUSES

EFFECTS

GOVERNMENT ANCIENT GREEK

THE FOUR GOVERNMENT MONARCHY

ARISTOCRACY

OLIGARCHY

DEMOCRACY

2,000 B.C.

594 B.C.

By 500 B.C.

500 B.C. Onwards

• Rule by a King • Hereditary• Some by divine right• Example: Mycenae• Rule by nobles• Hereditary• Social status supports authority• Example: Early Athens • Rule by a few of powerful people• Based on wealth or ability • Ruler control over military • Example: Sparta • Rule by citizens• Majority rule decides vote • Example: Athens

MONARCHY( 2,000 B.C. ) In the late Bronze age was monarchy. The government system of the Mycenaean was ruled by Kings who monopolized, or acquired, priestly functions. This means that the kings also served as the priests, which made it easier the to declare themselves chosen by gods. In a kingdom, as most people know, the kings or in this case, Wanax's were in charge. They chose leaders Lawagetaswho were in charge of choosing civilians for other positions, and leading the army.

SOCIAL CLASSES OF MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATION

THE KING • Also served as the religious leader.

His power probably originated from hereditary succession. This supreme monarch ruled the state from the palace, he made laws and determined the rate of taxes.

• Example : Agamemnon and Priam

LEADER OF THE ARMY • His duties consisted in imposing

the order to the state and leading the army in military operations. Various craftsmen were employed under his service. A different opinion suggests that the Lawagetas was a kind of prince with no military or other power.

• Example : Achilles , Paris and Hector

RELIGIOUS OFFICIALS

of the city

MILITARY CAVALRY CLASS

WORKERS

Lawageta

Wanax

Telestas

Slaves

SLAVES • Lowest class with no rights

Equetas

Quasireu

CULTURE ANCIENT GREEK

GREEK CULTURETraditions, religious practices, music, food are all integral part of the Greece Culture. Large numbers of religions festivals are celebrated by the Greeks with great enthusiasm.

-Greek food is famous world wide as it offers an array of delicacies. The Greece cuisine reflects the Mediterranean style of cooking and diet. -Fruits and fresh vegetables play an important role in making some of the most well flavored and colorful Greek delicacies.

GREEK FOOD

Lamb meat is widely used in preparation of Greek Foods, especially during the religious festivals.

Lots of vegetables and fruits are preferred by the Greeks.

FRUITS

LAMB MEAT

Fruits are prepared during the dinner of celebration between Sparta and Troy, especially grapes and

apples.

Lamb meat is prepared during the celebration for bringing peace between Sparta and Troy.

In the Mycenaean period, wine took on greater cultural, religious and economic importance. Greeks embedded the arrival of winemaking culture in the mythologies of Dionysus ( The Greek god of wine) and the cultural hero Aristaeus.

GREEK WINE

Ancient wine bottle for keeping wine

When Hector and Paris returned back to Troy from Sparta, both of them with their father, King of Troy

were drink wine for thank you to the God.

King Menelaus of Sparta using Greek wine to served everyone including Prince Hector and Prince Paris during the dinner of celebrate bringing peace between Sparta and Troy.

AMPHORA

TROY

POUR WINE

GREEK WINE CULTUREFESTIVALFeast of the wine (me-tu-wo ne-wo) was a festival in Mycenaean

Greece celebrating the "month of the new wine.” Several festivals were held throughout the year in honour of the God of wine. 

Anthesteria marked the opening of the wine jars from the previous autumn harvest.

Dionysin included theatrical performances of both comedies and tragedies in honor of the God of wine.

In Greek, they will pour the wine to the ground to honour the god for protect them and their country.

BANQUET GATHERING (Symposium)The Symposium, along with the many decorations and foods that were there

BANQUET BETWEEN SPARTA AND TROY

King Menelaus of Sparta, Prince Hector and Prince Paris of Troy were having a banquet for bring peace between Sparta and Troy at Sparta. They are sitting around the long table and on the table provides a lot of food and wine. This banquet including dancing and music for entertainments.

GREEK MUSIC-Music was essential to pattern and texture of Greek life, as it was an important feature of religious festivals, marriage and funeral rites and banquet gatherings.

-A wide range of instruments were used to perform music which was played on all the manner of occasions.

-Greek people thought of music as a way of honoring the gods, and making the world a more human, civilized place.

Greek musicians played pipes, lyres, drums, and cymbals. Pipes and drums were played in a loud, lively way, for dancing during the banquet gathering between Sparta and Troy. They also play lyres which are like small harps, and sounded something like a guitar.

Lyre

Karamoudzes

Daouli

Cumbus

CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECE

CHITONA simple tunic garment

of lighter linen that was worn by both

genders and all ages. It consisted of a wide, rectangular tube of

material secured along the shoulders and

upper arms by a series of fasteners.

HIMATION It was a basic outer garment worn over

the peplo or chiton. It consisted of a heavy rectangular material, passing under the left

arm and secured at the right shoulder. 

PEPLOSA predecessor to

the himation, the peplos was a square piece of cloth that was originally worn over the chiton. The top third of

the cloth was folded over and pinned at both shoulders, leaving the cloth open down one

side.

CHLAMYSMade from a

seamless rectangle of

woolen material about the size of a blanked , people

wore it by pinning a fibulae on the right shoulder. 

CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECECHIT

ON This piece of cloth was popularly used both by men

and women in the ancient Greece as a sleeveless shirt, and was at the height of its popularity. This rectangular piece of linen used to be draped around in many different way – the most popular way requiring fibulae to keep them in place on the shoulders and a belt on the waist. Chiton were of two types – the Doric Chiton and the Ionic Chiton.

Women and men typically wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots. Footwear have far older history than the ancient Greek civilization. While versatile and stylish options began to appear in the late Middle Ages, the shoes of ancient Greece were largely utilitarian. 

CLOTHING IN ANCIENT GREECE

Corthurnus Sandal

FOOTWEAR

ANCIENT GREECE JEWELLERYDifferent types of jewellery were

produced in the Ancient Greece-Necklaces, earrings, pendants, pins, bracelets, armbands, thigh bands, finger rings, wreaths, diadems, and other elaborate hair ornaments. Jewellery was usually decorated by floral, animal or motives from Greek mythology (Aphrodite, Eros, Nike, Heracles).

EARRINGS made of gold

DIADEM BRACELET

MYCENAEAN GOLD BAND RING with a stone

NECKLACE

CLOTHING OF SOLDIER CORINTHIAN HELMET

•Made with Bronze •Cover entire head and neck with slits for the eyes and mouth.•Horse hair crest is for aesthetic purpose protection.

BREASTPLATE •Made with Bronze and leather •It is design to muscle cuirass in order to fit the wearer.

SHIELD•Made with layer of bronze, wood or leather.

SWORD TYPE •Spartan Xyili sword•Mycenean Short sword•Mahaira sword

GREAVE•Made with layer of bronze to protect legs

SPEAR•Long ranged melee weapon

BOW AND ARROW•Extreme long ranged shooting weapon.

SOLDIER ( ARMOR)

MILITARY IN ANCIENT GREECEATHENIAN MILITARY SPARTAN MILITARY

•Spartan is related to the words fearless, harsh and cruel life as well as endurance.•All males are trained to master austerity, strength and fitness.•If the baby is found to be weak such as born diseased, he will left at Mount Taygetus till death.•All males must have intense physical and military training since children state.

•Learn to use Phalanx formation tactic (War Formation)•Their infantries are called hoplite who has basic training and they are primarily normal citizens. ( farmers or artisans)

Phalanx formation

SOLDIER ( TRAINING SYSTEM)

ANCIENT GREEK FUNERALBELIEFS

Ancient Greek burial practices were highly regulated. The funeral allowed for the surviving relatives to show the depth of their familial pride and the strength of their kinship ties. It also provided an opportunity for families to display their wealth and prove their status.

Ancient Greeks believed in gods and the afterlife. While the underworld was known for its terror, it was also a place of peace and pleasure for those who had done right in their lives. One particular place is the Elysian Fields—a green, pastured paradise.

Elysian Fields

TRADITIONSRelatives of the deceased (primarily women) will conducted the elaborate burial rituals

1st STAGE : PROTHESIS

Female relatives of the deceased would wash and

oiled the body before dressing it in an ankle-length robe. It was then dressed in the type of

clothing that befitted the deceased's status in life.

The deceased's closest relative will place a coin on

the deceased eyes as payment for Charon to take him across the River Styx. 

It then was placed on a high bier and displayed so that

loved ones could come and pay their final respects.

FORMAL MOURNING

MEN

The formal mourning period thus began during the prothesis. In general, there was a distinction between the way men and women mourned.

• They wont show emotion and behaved in a formal and detached manner. 

• The male head of the family often waited to greet guests some distance from the body.

• Wear black armband

WOMEN• Women will stood near the body,

wailing and gesturing wildly, including pulling at their hair.

• The chief mourner was the mother or the wife of the deceased. She stood near the head and often held it in her hands in grief. 

• Wear black clothes.

2ND STAGE : EKPHORA

A few days after the deceased had

passed, just before dawn the body

could have been carried from the

house to the cemetery, which would be at the

edge of the borders of the town

They will stop at some intersections

so that the mourners could attract a large

amount of public attention and

therefore it was an honor for the deceased. 

Once at the grave, both inhumation

and cremation were practiced with

varying levels of popularity,

depending on the time period and the geographic location.

The families would mark the grave with tombs and marble

statues, so that their loved one

wouldn’t be forgotten

3RD STAGE : PERIDEIPNON

After the Ekphora, they will held a funeral party. This

would be performed in the home of the deceased. It was held in honor of the

dead. 

After the funeral, offerings were made at the tomb on the third, ninth and 30th days after death, on the

one-year anniversary and during certain universal

festivals.

As with the funeral, the type and structure of these

offerings were highly regulated. Offerings

included the sacrifice of animals, the donation of

food and jewerly.

ANCIENT GREEKRELIGION

ANCIENT GREECE RELIGION

People also went to the temple to pray.Very often Greek houses also had an altar in the courtyard where they made offerings to the gods.

The Ancient Greeks were polytheists (they worshiped many gods).Among the gods and goddesses were..

Aphrodite, goddess of beauty and love

Athena, goddess of wisdom

Artemis, goddess of hunting, the moon and childbirth

Ares god of war

THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS GODIn the ancient Greek

religion and Greek mythology, the Twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon. Together they presided over every aspect of human life. Although in general Hades was excluded, because he resided permanently in the underworld and never visited Olympus.

ARTEMISGoddess of the

Hunt

ATHENAGoddess of

Wisdom and War

APPOLO God of music, light, prophecy

CRONUS RHEA

HADESKing of the underworld

POSEIDONGod of the sea

HESTIAGoddess of the hearth

DEMETERGoddess of harvest

ZEUSKing of the Gods

HERAQueen of the Gods

ARESGod of War

DIONYSUSGod of the Vine

HERMESMessenger of the gods, god of trade

APHRODITEGoddess of love

FAMILY TREE

APOLLON (or Apollo) was the great Olympian god of prophecy and oracles, healing, plague and disease, music, song and poetry, archery, and the protection of the young.

Apollo, through his statue, hovers in the background of many scenes set inside the

city.

APOLLO

Priam is the most obvious believer as he states repeatedly that this war is the will of the gods and does not hold Paris or Helen responsible for the war.

Priam tells Hector about a time when he prayed to Apollo to save him(Hector) and had his prayer answered, while they are standing in the temple.

His thinking that the gods directly influence human lives seems to be left-over from another time.

Priam, is the mythical king of Troy during the Trojan War

PRIAM

From the Myrmidons sacking Apollo’s temple and killing the priests, to the decision to attack the Greeks on the beach, to the decision to bring the Trojan Horse inside Troy’s walls; each time a character places their lives in what they perceive to be “the gods’ plans” they fall victims to their piety.

THE MYRMIDONSThe Myrmidons or Myrmidones (Greek: Μυρμιδόνες) were a legendary people of Greek history.

They were brave warriors, trained and commanded by Achilles, as described in Homer's Iliad.

ARCHITECTURE ANCIENT GREEK

BUILDINGSGreek architecture is a very specific and influential type of design, which was based off of the post-and-lintel system. The post-and-lintel system is made up of columns, which are large upright posts, with a roof, or architrave, over the top.

GREEK TEMPLE

Column Capital

Column Shaft

Column Base

Pediments

Frieze

Pediments

Greek temple is based on pre-Hellenic Megaron

-rectangular plan-longitudinal axes

Structure

COLUMNThe Greeks created columns and architraves were carved with leaves and flowers. (All of the columns are only used for temple)

Ionic columns is the thinnest and smallest columns. and the capitals at the top of the columns are decorated with scrolls and other patterns. (the Ionic representing the feminine)

Doric columns have no base and the columns have a very simple capital. So, Doric buildings were the least decorated. (Vitruvius associated the Doric with masculine virtues)

Corinthian order capitals are even more elaborately decorated, usually with leaves and floral patterns

Temple of Zeus at OlympiaDoric order

Temple of Artemis at EphesusIonic order

Temple of Mars UltorCorinthian order

ANCIENT GREEKLITERATURE

ILIAD, THEOGONY, POETRY

The Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege; the earlier

events, such as the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of the war. Set during the

Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it

tells of the battles and events.

Theogony(The genealogy or birth of the Gods) A poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC.

ANCIENT GREEKWRITING SYSTEM

WRITING SYSTEMIt was derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the first alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as well as consonants. It is the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts .

ANCIENT GREEKTECHNOLOGY & INVENTION

WARSHIPSMAPS

TROJAN HORSE CROSSBOW

COINS

MAPInvented by WHO ?

USE

He was the first scholar in Greek

Anaximander

An essential tools to define, explain, and navigate way through the world. 

The map was circular in form and showed the known lands of the world grouped around the Aegean Sea at the center. This was all surrounded by the ocean.

CONCEPTEarth is • Cylindrical in shape• Flat surface• Round like a drum.• Stays in equilibrium at the center

of the cosmos.

COINSThe first known coins were issued in either Lydia or Ionia in Asia Minor. Beginning around 600 BC, each Greek city-state invent its own kinds of coins 

MADE BYELECTRUM an alloy of gold and silver that was

highly prized and abundant in that area. 

USEGreek mercenaries wanted to be paid in precious metal at the conclusion of

their time of service, and wanted to have their payments marked in a way that would authenticate them.

WARSHIPSPeople called the earliest Greek warships Pentekontors. Pentekontors were long, narrow ships, designed to go fast overtake other ships and attack them during war.USEFor sea trade, piracy and warfare,

capable of transporting freight or troops.

There are 25 rowers or oarsmen on each side.

MASTA midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind.

TROJAN HORSE

Greeks used that as a subterfuge to enter the city of Troy and win Trojan war.

"Wooden Horse" (Δούρειος Ἵππος, Doúreios Híppos, in theHomeric Ionic dialect).

To trick or stratagem that causes a target to invite a foe into a securely protected bastion or place

USE

HOW THEY USE IT?

Greeks hide selected force of men inside.

The Greeks pretended to sail away

Trojans pulled the horse into their city as

a victory trophy.

At night the Greek force crept out of the horse and opened the gates for the rest of

the Greek army.

The Greeks entered and destroyed the city

of Troy, decisively ending the war.

1 2 3

4 5

GASTRAPHETES

One of the many effective siege weapons used by Alexander the Great as he besieged Tyre

-(from Ancient Greek γαστραφέτης) -English translation: "belly-releaser")-a hand-held crossbow

USE

Crossbowman cocking the gastraphetes

Weapon was powered by a composite bow1) The bow was

cocked by resting the stomach in a concavity at the rear of the stock

In this way considerably more energy can be summoned up than by using only one arm of the archer as in the hand-bow

2) down with all strength

HOW THEY USE IT?

THE ENDGOH XINGXIN . TAN CHIN WERNG . LEE JIA MIN . YUEN XUAN HUI . CHEAH MAN YEE .

TAN SHEN SIN . LAM ZI XUAN . WONG LIENG KAM . CHIAM SHIUN JIA . VAANARASU VASUDEVAN