PowerPoint Presentation
THE FOLLOWING PRESENTATION IS ON THE TOPIC - POWER SHARING IN
BELGIUM, SRI LANKA, INDIA AND SAUDI ARABIA .POWER SHARING
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Power Sharing is a technique to share power at different levels.
It is an idea inculcated in democracy so that the power is not
concentrated at on hand only and that different forms can keep a
check on each other. India is an example of holding together
federations, where the power is shared between the Central
Government and different Constituent States.What is power sharing
?
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BELGIUM
Belgium is a federal state located in Western Europe with its
capital Brussels. Smaller than Haryana and its area is about 30,528
sq. km .Borders with France, Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.It
has a population of little over than 1 crore.
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Ethnic Composition
Walloon Region Flemish Region
DutchFrenchGermanThe ethnic composition of Belgium is very
complex.59% of the total population lives in Flemish Region and
speak Dutch Language. 40% lives in Wallonia Region and speak French
Language. Remaining 1% speak German Language.But in the capital
city Brussels, 80% people speak French Language while only 20% are
Dutch speaking.
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The minority French speaking were relatively rich and
powerful.The majority Dutch got the benefit of economic development
and educational much later.The capital Brussels presented a special
problem that the Dutch people constituted majority in the country
but minority in the capital.Reasons For Tension
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Measures Taken Against It Between 1970 and 1993 the constitution
was amended four times to accommodate social and cultural
diversities .This was done by sharing power as follows.There shall
be equal representation from both communities in the central
council of ministers.Many powers of the Central Government have
been given to State Governments.Brussels had a separate government
in both the communities have equal representation.
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Sri Lanka is an island nation, just a few kms off the southern
coast of Tamil Nadu.It emerged as an independent country in
1948.Similar than Haryana its area is about 65,610 sq.km .It has a
population of around 2 crore people.
SRI LANKA
Tamil Nadu
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Ethnic compositionSri Lanka has a diverse population with many
social groups. The major groups are the Sinhala speakers with
74%.And the Tamil speakers with 18% The minor group consist of
Christian who speak both Tamil and Sinhala with 7%.Among the Tamil
speakers there are further two sub groups .Sri Lankan Tamils Tamil
natives of the country.Indian Tamils The Tamils whose Forefathers
came from native India as plantation workers.
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As a result , the relations between the Sinhalas and Tamil
communities stained over time.By 1980s many political organizations
were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam(state) in northern
and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.The distrust between the two
communities turned into a widespread conflict and soon turned into
a civil war .As a result thousands of people lost their life from
the both side and many families were forced to leave the country as
refugees.The civil war caused a terrible setback to the social ,
cultural and economic life of the country.
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MAJORITARIANISM IN SRI LANKASri Lanka became an independent
country in the 1948. Because of their majority, the leaders of the
Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over the government.
As a result, Sinhala supremacy was established by the
democratically elected government. Disregarding Tamil, an act was
passed in 1956, to recognize Sinhala as the only official
language.The government measures coming one after other gradually
increased the feeling of alienation among the Tamils.
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INDIAIndia is a democratic country located in Southern part of
Asia.It is the seventh largest country in the world . With 1.28
billion people, it is the second most populous country in the world
.It became an independent nation in 1947.It has an area of around
3,166,414 sq. km It borders with Pakistan , Bangladesh , Nepal,
Bhutan, China, Myanmar and Afghanistan .
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Power sharing in indiaIndia is democratic country. People of
India elect their representative through direct franchise. After
that, peoples representatives elect the government to make or amend
rules & regulations to carry out day to day functioning of
governance.One basic principle of democracy is that people are the
source of all political power. Therefore, it follows that in a
democracy political forms of power sharing should be distributed
among as many citizens as possible .
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Horizontal distribution of powerEach of these organs is placed
at the same level to exercise different powers.None of them has
unlimited power thus maintains balance.Each one of them keeps watch
on the functioning of the other two.Hence it is called Check and
Balance System.
Check & Balance
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Power can be share among government at different levels. The
Central or Union Govt. is set up for the whole nation.The state
government is set up for each states.The central govt. shares some
of the powers with the state govt. In a big country like India,
this type of two tier system is not sufficient.So we have the third
tier the Local Self Govt.Both the Central and State govt. have
shared power and resources with the Local bodies.Vertical
distribution of power
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POWER SHARING AMONG DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPSSocially weaker
sections also have to have share in power.Community govt. in
Belgium is one example for this type of power sharing.In India, it
is done by way of reservation.Constituencies and seats are reserved
for women, SCs and STs.Thus power is shared among different social
groups.
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Power Sharing among Political parties, pressure groups and
movementsNo political party enjoys power for ever.It is for the
people to decide who should be in power.With the emergence of
coalition govt. many parties share power at the same time.Pressure
groups and movements have share in power by exerting pressure on
the government.They exert pressure by various means and get
policies framed in their favour.
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Saudi arabiaThe kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a monarch type of
government, situated in Southwest Asia.It is the largest country of
Arabia, bordering its coastline with Persian Gulf and the Red
Sea.Its area is about 2,217,949 sq. km .Its share its boundary with
7 countries . Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates,
Oman and Yemen.
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Ethnic composition
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Saudi Arabia is a monarchy based on Islam. The government is
headed by the king, who is also the commander in chief of the
military. The king combines legislative, executive and judicial
functions. The king is also the Prime Minister, and presides over
the Council of Ministers which comprises the first and second
deputy prime ministers with 28 ministers.The king appoints a Crown
Prince to help him with his duties. The Crown Prince is second in
line to the throne. POWER SHARING IN SAUDI ARABIA
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The king is also advised by a legislative body called the
Consultative Council. The council proposes new laws and amends
existing ones. It consist of 150 members who are appointed by the
King for four year terms that can be renewed. The country is
divided into 13 provinces. A governor and deputy governor in each
one.The primary source of law is the Islamic Sharia derived from
the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah. The kingdom of Saudi
Arabia is divided into 13 regions, which in turn are divided into
numerous districts. Regional governors are appointed, usually from
the royal family and presides over one or more Municipal
Councils.
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Problems in sharingProblems often arise in Saudi Arabia as it
has monarch type of government , in this Kings and Queens inherit,
rather than earn their thrones. A monarch remains in office until
he or she dies, is impeached or unable to lead the people. The
other main problems are :VOTING RIGHTS - Citizens in Saudi Arabia
dont get to vote for their head of state.UNTIL DEATH DO US PART -
Problems may arise in Saudi Arabia because there is no term
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limits, age restrictions or official codes of moral conduct
MISUSE OF POWER - Because a monarch isnt a subject to legislation
that ensures a balance of power, a king or a Queen might abuse his
or her unrestrained power.INHERITED WEALTH AND PERSONAL GAINS Power
and wealth often go hand in hand. Citizen may disrupt or loathe a
monarch who has stored up fame and fortune, while remaining
unsympathetic to the poor .
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