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Personal Computer Basics
Module Objectives Lesson 1 – Computer Components
Understand the definition, characteristics, types and basic components of a personal computer.
Lesson 2 – Computer Internal Components
Understand the differences between desktop and laptop personal computer, and internal components of computer case.
Computer Components
By the end of this lesson, you should able to:
Understand the general definition, characteristics and types of a
personal computer
Identify the main components that make up a desktop and laptop
personal computer
What is a computer ?
“Computers are electronic devices that have the ability to input, process, output, and store data or information.”
Characteristics of a computer1. ProcessorAble to follow instructions and carry out actions, and it commonly called the “brain” of a computer. i.e. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Memory or Storage DeviceAble to remember things or store data. i.e. RAM or Hard disk.
3. Input DeviceAble to accept information from computer user. i.e. Keyboard and mouse.
4. Output DeviceAble to deliver information to computer user. i.e. Monitor and Printer.
Computer Types1. Special-purpose Computers
• Used for special purposes and usually expensive. i.e. Computer to control LRT, Traffic Lights and ATM.
2. General-purpose Computers• Used for general purposes like entertainment, Word processing
and surfing internet. • It is more popular as they are cheap and can perform a variety
of work. i.e. Personal Computer.
Desktop Computer
Desktop ComponentsMain Unit / Central Processing Unit (CPU)The computer case/box encloses the primary components the make computer works.
MonitorThis device displays the images and text generated by the computer, so that you can see what it’s doing and the results of your actions.
Desktop Components
KeyboardThis device inputs letter, numbers and special characters into the computer for storage and manipulation.
MouseThis device points at graphical elements displayed on the computer monitor.
Laptop Computer
Laptop Components
Main Unit / CPUA notebook size computer case encloses the primary components the make computer works.
KeyboardThis device inputs letter, numbers and special characters into the computer for storage and manipulation.
Laptop Components
MonitorThis device displays the images and text generated by the computer, so that you can see what it’s doing and the results of your actions.
Touchpad / Pointing DeviceThis device points at graphical elements displayed on the computer monitor.
Summary Computer is an electronic device that able to
input, process, output and store data or information.
The characteristic of a computer includes Processor, Memory/Storage Devices, Input device and Output device.
Computers are classified either General Purpose computers or Specific Purpose computers.
The personal computer’s components includes Main Unit/CPU, Keyboard, Mouse/Touchpad and Monitor.
Computer Internal Components
By the end of this lesson, you should able to:
Understand the differences between desktop and laptop personal
computer
Identify the internal components inside the Main unit/CPU of a desktop
personal computer
Desktop vs. Laptop Computer
Features Desktop Computer
Laptop Computer
Size Big & Heavy Small & Light
Mobility Low – Need dismantle Keyboards, Mouse and Monitor first.
High- Easy to Carry
Battery Powered No Yes
Price Low High
System UpgradeFlexibility
High- Every component can be upgraded.
Limited – The hard disk and Memory component only.
Maintenance Cost Low High
Risk of damage Low High
Computer Internal Components• MotherboardA main circuit board that inter-
connects CPU, RAM Memory, Hard Disk and CD Disk drive components together via data cables.
• Centre Processing Unit / CPUThe “brains” of the computer.
• RAM MemoryThe temporary storage areas for
holding data/information and program that CPU needs.
Components Function
• Hard Disk DriveThe permanent storage areas for
data/information & program.
• CD ROM DriveA removable storage device to store
computer data in CD/DVD ROM discs.
• Power SupplyThe power source of the computer that
supplies electrical power to all computer internal components.
Computer Main Unit Example
Power supply
Motherboard
Hard drive
Adapter
CPU with fan
Floppy drive CD-ROM drive
Summary The key feature differences between Desktop
and Laptop computers includes: Size, Mobility, Battery Powered, Price, System Upgrade flexibility, Maintenance Cost and Risk of Damage or Theft.
Motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer.
CPU is the brain of the computer. RAM Memory is the temporary storage areas for
holding data, program and information that CPU needs.
Hard disk drive is the permanent storage areas for data, information and program.
Power Supply is the power source of computer.