Ports in India and its Facilities

Prepared byA.Aiyesha

IBTLG – IV SemIB002

Major and Minor ports of India

Kandla portThe Port of Kandla is located on the Gulf of Kutch on the northwestern coast of India some 256 nautical miles southeast of the Port of Karachi in Pakistan and over 430 nautical miles north-northwest of the Port of Mumbai (Bombay). It is the largest port of India by volume of cargo handled. Kandla Port Trust, India's busiest major port in recent years, is gearing to add substantial cargo handling capacity with private sector participation. The west coast port handled 72,225 million tonnes of cargo, over 11% more than 64,920 million tonnes. KPT is also moving towards building dedicated container handling capacity. In 2008-09 container

trade was 138,000 containers, down from 165,000 conatiners in 2007-08. There is currently one container terminal that is under private operatorship of ABG Heavy

Industries Ltd. The port trust's plans include setting up a dedicated container terminal with two berths (No.11 and No.12 of the port) on BOT basis. The 3,300 million INR project is expected to annually handle 0.6 million containers.

The clean cargo and container berths form only a small part of KPT's expansion plans through private enterprise. Other aspects include berthing facilities off Tekra (Tuna) that is expected to boost cargo by 12 million tonnes, an offshore liquid terminal, bunkering facilities and a ship repair and building yard.

Kandla Port has shown buoyant growth in cargo handling in the recent past. In 2008-09, its total traffic grew by 13.6% to reach an all-time high of 72,225 million tonnes. The port's share in traffic handled by all major ports has risen steadily over the years, peaking at 13.6 per % last year (see table). Earlier projections made by the port indicate an annual capacity handling target of 100 million tonnes per annum by 2012.

Mormugoa port Mormugao Port , Goa is one of the oldest ports on the west coast of India, with a fine natural

harbor. It has been relentlessly serving the nation in its economic development for over a century The port was declared a Major Port on 2.12.1963 Mormugao port is the premier iron ore exporting port of India with an annual throughput of around

33.81 million tonnes of iron ore traffic Nations premier gateway on the western coast for bulk cargo Caters to about 40% of the iron ore handled through the country Poised to take care of the energy needs of the region as a major coal handling port Existing approach channel of – 14.40 m. To be further deepened to – 15.40 m. Opportunities for developing a full fledged container terminal Prospects for cruise tourism development of offshore energy Exploration of logistics base and rig repairs / servicing

Jawaharlal Nehru Port JNPT is the second youngest port after ennore. It is located at the eastern end of Mumbai in the

Nhava Sheva area. Currently designed channel depth of JNPT is 11 Metres and depth at berths is 13.5 metres. JNPT

can take in vessels having laden draft upto 12.5 metres. The width of the channel is 400 meters at entry point and 460 meters off the berths

Port cargo handling facilities include container terminals, a liquid handling terminal and a shallow water berth which can handle break-bulk and container traffic both.

It Ranks 31st among the top 100 container ports in the world It handles 56% of india’s total containerized coargo Highly automated and computerized operations with single window system. Recipient of Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award – 1996 for the greenest port in India Equipped with the latest Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) to track/monitor vessel

movements ensuring sage navigation. Spread over a land area of 2,584 hectares Served by 16 container freight stations and over 23 inland container depots with a well

connected National rail and road network.

Liquid traffic at JNPT As liquid cargo handled by ports consists of products from various industries, the key industries

impacting growth of liquid cargo were studied. The forecast for the traffic was arrived at 2 levels i) National level forecasts for the commodity ii) JNPT forecasts for the commodity JNPT liquid cargo traffic was estimated for the categories of crude, POL product , chemicals and other

liquids. JNPT has no crude linkages with existing refineries and does not service crude traffic at present.

The crude traffic forecast for JNPT was based on ONGC plans to ship a part of its offshore crude production at Bombay High via JNPT to the coastal refinery of Mangalore

JNPT POL product traffic is largely coastal based traffic which follows national trends of coastal traffic. Exports growth from the increase in refining capacity in Mumbai region was factored into the forecast. Since the port can handle certain liquid chemicals these were studied and grown at appropriate growth rates to arrive at liquid chemical forecast.

Tuticorin Port V.O.Chidambaranar Port, formerly Tuticorin Port,is one of the 12 major ports in India. It was declared

to be a major port on 11 July 1974. It is second-largest port in Tamil Nadu and fourth-largest container terminal in India.

V.O.C Port Tutiorin is located strategically close to the East-West International sea route on South-Eastern coast of India. Located in Gulf of Mannar, with Sri Lanka on South East and large Indian Landmass on the West, the Port is well sheltered from storms and cyclone winds. The port is operational round the clock all through the year.

Tuticorin is the only port in South India to provide a direct weekly container service to the United States. The transit time to the United States is 22 days.

There are regular weekly direct services to Europe (transit time 17 days), China (transit time 10 days) and Red Sea Ports (transit time 8 days)

The port is also helping increase the tourism in the region. A new ferry has been commenced between Tuticorin and Colombo.

The trades that the port handles are in Imports: Timber Logs, M.O.P , Urea , Rock phosphate , Copper , Industrial coal , containerized cargo etc

And in Exports : Sugar, sand, maize , granite stone , sulphuric acid and containerized cargo etc

Vishakhapatnam Port Visakhapatnam Port is one of 13 major ports in India and the only major port of Andhra Pradesh. It is

India's second largest port by volume of cargo handled. It is located on the east coast of India and is located midway between the Chennai and Kolkata Ports.

The hinterland of the Visakhapatnam Port extends to north eastern Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, southern Orissa.Iron ore, manganese ore, steel products, general cargo, coal and crude oil are the main commodities handled at this port.

Visakhapatnam Port is undergoing a modernisation and expansion program aimed at increasing its capacity to 130 million tonnes by 2016-17, entailing an investment of ₹13,000 crores. The inauguration of the Gangavaram Port, located 15 km away from the Visakhapatnam Port, has led to a significant diversion of traffic away from the Visakhapatnam Port. This loss of cargo traffic is an important reason for the port's fall from its position as the largest port in India.

The Visakhapatnam Port Trust plans to develop a satellite port at Bheemunipatnam to decongest traffic at Visakhapatnam. The project is expected to cost ₹2,000 crores and is to be undertaken through a Public- Private Partnership (PPP)venture.

Chennai Port Chennai Port, formerly known as Madras Port, is the second largest container port of India, behind

the Nhava Sheva Port, and the largest port in the Bay of Bengal. It is the third oldest port among the 12 major ports of India with official port operations beginning in 1881, although maritime trade started much earlier in 1639 on the undeveloped shore. It is an artificial and all-weather port with wet docks.

Chennai Port lies on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains on the east coast of the Indian peninsula known as the Coromandel Coast in the Bay of Bengal. The bed slope is fairly flat. The port is situated on the thermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature. The climate is tropical, specifically tropical wet and dry, and for most of the year, the weather is hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from a maximum of 42 °C in May to a minimum of 18 °C in January.

The port currently has the capacity to handle 3,000,000 TEUs and with the commissioning of the third mega container terminal being planned, the capacity would go up to 8,000,000 TEUs.

Crude is transported from oil tankers berthed at the port through a pipeline and then by road or rail. Since 1969, the port is connected to the Chennai Petroleum Corporation's (CPCL) refinery in Manali via a 30-inch-diameter pipeline running for a length of 17 km.

New Mangalore port New Mangalore Port is a deep-water, all-weather port at Panambur, Mangalore in Karnataka state in

India, which is also the deepest inner harbor on the west coast. It is the only major port of Karnataka and is currently the seventh largest port in India.

The port is situated at Panambur, Mangalore on the west coast of India. It is situated to north of confluence of Gurupura (Phalguni) river to Arabian sea. It is 170 nautical miles (310 km) south of Mormugao Port & 191 nautical miles (354 km) north of Kochi Port.his port is operated by New Mangalore Port Trust.

The national highway NH-66 (earlier NH-17) passes the port. The nearest railway station is Thokur, but passengers have to alight at Suratkal Railway station which is on Konkan railway route, approximately 6 kilometers from the New Mangalore port.

The port serves hinterland of Karnataka state and to some extent state of Kerala. The major commodities exported through the port are iron ore concentrates & pellets, iron ore fines, manganese, granite stones, coffee, cashew and containerized cargo. The major imports of the port are crude and petroleum products, LPG, wood pulp, timber logs, finished fertilizers, liquid ammonia, phosphoric acid, other liquid chemicals, and containerized cargo.

Cochin port Cochin Port is a major port on the Laccadive Sea – Indian Ocean sea-route and is one of the largest

ports in India. The port lies on two islands in the Lake of Kochi: Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam, towards the Fort Kochi river mouth opening onto the Laccadive Sea. The International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT), part of the Cochin Port, is the largest container transshipment facility in India.

A draft of 38 ft. is maintained in the Ernakulam channel along with berthing facilities, which enables the port to bring in larger vessels. In the Mattancherry channel a draft of 30 ft is maintained. The port provides round-the-clock pilotage to ships subject to certain restrictions on the size and draft. There is an efficient network of railways, roads, waterways and airways, connecting the Cochin Port with the hinterland centers spread over the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Facilities for supply of water and bunkering to vessels are available.

The CPT launched E-Thuramukham, a comprehensive enterprise resource planning implementation programme, becoming the first Indian port to do so. The project is based on SAP platform and will be customized by Tata Consultancy Services.

Krishnapatnam Port One of India’s largest and fastest growing seaports ,

Krishnapatnam Port has emerged as a world – class port with outstanding services and facilities. It is fast becoming a port of choice for all international cargo originating from and destined to the southern and central India.

Krishnapatnam Port company has won the mandate from the Government of Andhra Pradesh to develop the existing minor port into a modern , deep water and high productivity port.

The port is being equipped to handle – Containers , Bulk cargo like coal , Iron Ore, Fertilizer etc , Break bulk cargo like granite etc , Petrochemicals and Project Cargos

Paradip Port Paradip Port is an artificial, deep-water port on the East coast of India in Jagatsinghpur district of

Odisha. It is situated at confluence of the Mahanadi river and the Bay of Bengal. It is situated 210 nautical miles south of Kolkata and 260 nautical miles north of Visakhapatnam.

Paradip Port has 20 berths with a minimum draft of 13 meters (43 ft). It can accommodate vessels up to 90,000 DWT.The fully automated coal handling plant can handle up to 20 million tons of coal imports per annum. A single point mooring system handles Very Large Crude Carriers for Indian Oil.

As of 2015, the approach channel was being dredged to increase depth to at least 18.7 meters (61 ft.) to enable the port to handle capsize vessels. A western dock with 6 additional berths are completed. Other massive expansion projects are planned to increase the port's cargo handling capacity to over 180 million tons by 2020.

Paradip has been identified for development as one of the six major petroleum, chemicals and petrochemical investment regions (PCPIRs) in India, along the lines of Pudong in China, Rotterdam in Europe and Houston in North America. The Paradip PCPIR has identified an investment potential of US $68.84 billion, spread over 284 square kilometers (110 sq. m) in the area.

The commodities handled by this port are Coking Coal , Hard Coke , Limestone , Food-grains, Fertilizer, DBM, Steel Billets , scrap and Clinkers

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