Upload
poonam-singh
View
58
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PRESENTING BY : SAKSHI AND
POONAM
3
What is Nanoscale?
12,756 Km 0.22 m
0.7 × 10-9 m
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller
WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ?
1. Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic level.
2. It refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional system at very micro level.
Nanotech is both top down and bottom up like nature.
HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Nanotechnology was founded by Richard Feynman.2. He had got nobel prize in physics 1965.
HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
1974 = Taniguchi used the term nanotechnology for the first time.
1991 = Carbon nanotube discovered by S.Iijima.
PRINCIPLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology involves working with matter at the scale of one billionth of matter. It refers to the manipulation of matter on the
minutest scale.
There are two types of nanomaterials
1. Fullerenes 2. Carbon nanotubes
FULLERENES
A fullerene is a pure carbon molecule of at least 60 atoms of carbon. Because a fullerene takes a
shape similar to a soccer ball or a geodesic dome , it is sometimes referred to as a buckyball.
CARBON NANOTUBES
1. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
2. They have length to diameter ratio of upto
132,000,000:1
There are two types of nanotubes
1. Single walled nanotube2. Multi walled nanotube
SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE
Single walled nanotube has a diameter close to 1 nanometer.
MULTI WALLED NANOTUBEMulti walled nanotubes consist of multiple rolled
layers of graphite .
There are two models of description of these MWNT:
1. Russian doll model2. Parchment model
17
HOW NANOTECHNOLOG
Y IMPACTS OUR LIVES NOW?
And it’s
APPLICATIONS…
?
SOME APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGYARE:
MEDICINES ELECTRONICS FOOD FUEL CELLSSOLAR CELLS BATTERIESSPACEFUELS BETTER AIR QUALITYCLEANER WATERCHEMICAL SENSORSSPORTING GOODFABRIC
MEDICINESOne of the areas of medicines that will
benefit from the research and development of nanotechnology is that of cancer
treatment and detection. The national cancer institute is aiming to decrease
cancer deaths by the year 2015 with the help of nanotechnology.
TRADITIONAL VS NANOTECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONICS
Nano electronics can increase the capabilities of electronic devices while we reduce their weight and power consumption.
FOOD
Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects of food
science, from how food is grown to how it is packaged. Companies are developing nanomaterials that will make a
difference not only in the taste of food but also in food safety and health benefits.
FUEL CELLSCatalysts are used with fuels such as hydrogen or methanol to produce hydrogen ions. Platinum, which is very expensive, is the catalyst typically used in this process. Companies are using nanoparticles of platinum to reduce the amount of platinum needed, or using nanoparticles of other materials to replace platinum entirely and there by lower costs..
SOLAR CELLS
Use of nanotechnology in making solar cells can reduce manufacturing cost as well as installlation cost.
BATTERIES
Nanotechnology can increase the available power from a battery and decrease the time required to recharge a battery. The shelf life of a battery can be increased by using nanomaterials to separate liquids in the battery
from the solid electrodes.
SPACE
Nanotechnology may hold the key to making space flight more practical. New materials combined with nanosensors and nanorobots could improve
the performance of spaceships, spacesuits, and the equipment used to explore planets and moons.
FUELSNanotechnology is being used for:
Making the production of fuels from low grade raw materials economical.Increasing the mileage of engines.Making the production of fuels from normal raw material more efficient.
BETTER air qualityThere are two major ways in which nanotechnology is being used to reduce air pollution: catalysts, which are currently in use and constantly being improved upon; and nano-structured membranes, which are under development.The pollution removal component utilizes a biofiltration mechanism, in which polluted air is passed through an organic medium such as compost or wood chips that
contains bacteria.
Cleaner water
Nanotechnology is being used to develop solutions to three very different problems in water quality. One challenge is the removal of industrial pollution, such as cleaning solvent TCE. Another challenge is the removal of salt and metals from water. The third challenge concerns the fact that standard filters do not work on virus cells.
Chemical sensors
Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors. Various types of detecting elements, such as
carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide nanowires or palladium nanoparticles can be used in nanotechnology-based sensors.
Sporting goodsNanotechnology is being used for :
Increasing the strength of tennis racquets by adding nanotubes to the frames which increases control and power
when you hit the ball.Reducing the rate at which air leaks from tennis balls so they keep their bounce longer.
Fabric
Making composite fabric with nano-sized particles or fibers allows improvement of fabric properties without a significant
increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness.
There are other applications of nanotechnology such as sensors, treatment and remediation:
Efficient use of materials.
Promise for cost-effective, specific and rapid solutions for treatment of contaminants.
Cleanup of contaminated sites with problems brought by prior technologies and past practices.
BENEFITS OF USING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE
Nanotechnology offers many potential benefits to medical applications.Extremely small sizeControlled release of drug Reduced ToxicityProtect fragile drugs/proteinsFewer side effects
Nano pollution
Nanopollution is a generic name for waste generated by nanodevices or during the nanomaterials manufacturing
process.
Effect of nanoparticles on human health
There has been a study showing that inhaled nanosized particles gather in the nasal cavities, lungs and brains of rats.
Scientists believe this build-up could lead to harmful inflammation and risk of brain damage or central nervous
system disorders. Scientific studies are looking at:The reactivity of nanoparticles with biological system.The ability of our immune system to fight particles not previously encountered.
Some advantages and disadvantages
ADVANTAGES
In medical, change of body appearance.
Make almost every manufactured product faster, lighter, stronger, smarter, safer and cleaner, and even more precise.
DISADVANTAGES
Very expensive.
Atomic weapons will become more destructive.
Very hard to make.
Future of nanotechnology
It can … Help clean up past environmental damage…Correct present environmental problems…Prevent future environmental impacts…Help sustain the planet for future generations
Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future.
The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology.
Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.
Thank you