By :Ani Haryati KusumaEko Agus Hari AntoErs Indri Triasmami

PBI ASTKIP PGRI PACITAN

What is the Poetry?

Poetry is combined to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas.

The poet chooses words carefully.Poetry is usually written in lines.

Forms of Poetry

Couplet Tercet Quatrain Acrostic Haiku Senryu Concrete Poem Free Verse Limerick

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There are many forms of poetry including the:

Couplet

A couplet is a poem, or stanza in a poem, written in two lines.

Usually rhymes.

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The Jellyfish

Who wants my jellyfish?

I’m not sellyfish!

By Ogden Nash

Tercet A tercet is a poem, or

stanza, written in three lines.

Usually rhymes. Lines 1 and 2 can

rhyme; lines 1 and 3 can rhyme; sometimes all 3 lines rhyme.

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Winter Moon

How thin and sharp is the moon tonight!

How thin and sharp and ghostly white

Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight!

By Langston Hughes

Quatrain

A quatrain is a poem, or stanza, written in four lines.

The quatrain is the most common form of stanza used in poetry.

Usually rhymes. Can be written in

variety of rhyming patterns.

(See slide 9 entitled “Rhyming Patterns.”)

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The Lizard

The lizard is a timid thing

That cannot dance or fly or sing;

He hunts for bugs beneath the floor

And longs to be a dinosaur.

By John Gardner

Acrostic

In an acrostic poem the first letter of each line, read down the page, spells the subject of the poem.

Type of free verse poem.

Does not usually rhyme.

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Loose brown parachute

Escaping

And

Floating on puffs of air.

by Paul Paolilli

Haiku

A haiku is a Japanese poem with 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables. (Total of 17 syllables.)

Does not rhyme. Is about an aspect of

nature or the seasons. Captures a moment

in time.

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Little frog among

rain-shaken leaves, are you, too,

splashed with fresh, green paint?

by Gaki

Senryu

A senryu follows same pattern as haiku.

Written in 3 unrhymed lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables, with total of 17 syllables.

Is about human nature, rather than natural world.

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First day, new school year,

backpack harbors a fossil…

last June’s cheese sandwich.

By Cristine O’Connell George

Concrete Poem

A concrete poem (also called shape poem) is written in the shape of its subject.

The way the words are arranged is as important what they mean.

Does not have to rhyme.

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Free Verse

A free verse poem does not use rhyme or patterns.

Can vary freely in length of lines, stanzas, and subject.

Revenge When I find out

who tookthe last cooky

out of the jarand leftme a bunch of

stale old messycrumbs, I'mgoing to take

me a handful and crumbup someone's bed.

By Myra Cohn Livingston

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Limerick

A limerick is a funny poem of 5 lines.

Lines 1, 2 & 5 rhyme.

Lines 3 & 4 are shorter and rhyme.

Line 5 refers to line 1.

Limericks are a kind of nonsense poem. 12

I really don’t know about Jim.

When he comes to our farm for a swim,

The fish as a rule,

jump out of the pool.

Is there something the matter with him?

By John Ciardi

There Seems to Be a Problem

POETRY’S LANGUAGE

Poetry uses language in many different ways. By noticing the techniques poets use with language, it becomes easier to understand and talk about a poem. Using some of these language techniques to emphasize certain ideas, themes or images.

Imagery

Plain and simple, imagery is the word used to describe the types of images a poet uses throughout the poem. Images are references to a single mental creation; they are the verbal representation of a sense impression. However, there are many different types of imagery that can be used.

Appeals to the five senses: smell, sight, hearing, taste and touch.

Visual Images (sight) Example: “The look-out man will see some lakes of milk-color light on

the sea’s night-purple” “The Purse-Seine” Robinson Jeffers

Tactile Images (touch) Example: “The only things moving are swirls of snow.

As I lift the mailbox door, I feel its cold iron.” “Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter”

Robert Bly

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Auditory Images (sounds) Example: “she quietly rolled

flour tortillas- the ‘papas’

cracking in the hot lard would wake me”

“My Grandmother Would Rock Quietly and Hum” Leonard Adamé

Gustatory Images (tastes) Example: “Take out a three-pound leg of lamb,

rub it with salt, pepper and cumin, then push in two cloves of garlic splinters” “How to Eat Alone” Daniel Halpern

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Olfactory Images (smells) Example: “The morning comes to

consciousness Of faint stale smells of beer From the sawdust-trampled

street With all its muddy feet that press To early coffee-stands”

“Preludes” T. S. Eliot

•Diction

Diction is the type of words poets choose to use in their poems. A poem that uses slang expressions can be just as powerful as a poem that uses a lot of big words. And feel free to mix up your diction in a poem. There is no reason why you have to use just one. Formal Diction: Words that appear a bit more elegant or extravagant. Often formal diction will contain words that are polysyllabic (many syllables). Neutral Diction: Words that appear ordinary and that you hear everyday. Contractions are often used in poetry that has neutral diction, as well as a simpler vocabulary. Informal Diction: Words and phrases that are slang expressions, or the colloquial – the language of relaxed activities and friendly conversations.

•Rhyme

A poem does not have to rhyme. However, rhyme can be an important part of poetry, and there are many different types of rhyme.

• Exact (perfect) rhymes: Words that rhyme because both the concluding consonant and vowel sounds rhyme. Example: “Then be not coy, but use your time; And while ye may, go marry:

For having lost but one your prime, You may for ever tarry”

“To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” Robert Herrick

Inexact (near) rhymes: Words that rhyme because they have similar, not identical,

sounds, like bleak/break and loud/bird. Example: “Between my finger and my thumb The squat pen rests; sung as a gun.” “Digging”

Seamus Heaney

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End rhymes: Words at the ends of lines that rhyme, either exactly or inexactly. Example: “The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer’s hand” “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” Adrienne Rich

Internal rhymes: Words in the beginning or middle of a line that rhyme with each other, either exactly or inexactly.

Example: “And I who gave Kate a blackened eye Did to its vivid changing colours Make up an incredible musical scale” “Whatever Else Poetry is Freedom” Irving Layton

•Techniques and Devices

There are many other tools that poets use to achieve a certain sound or rhythm.

Alliteration The repetition of a consonant sound in the beginning of words that are found close together in a line. Example: “O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being” “Ode to the West Wind” Percy Bysshe Shelley

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Assonance The repetition of similar vowel sounds in words that are

close to each other in a line. Example: “...and let the coffee-pot boil over on the stove”

“Living in Sin” Adrienne Rich

Consonance The repetition of identical consonant sounds but different

vowel sounds found close together in a line Example: “And broils root out of the work of masonry”

“Not Marble Nor the Guilded Monuments” William Shakespeare

Euphony When the sounds of words in a line create an effect that is

pleasing to the ear Example: “There is no silence upon the earth or under the

earth like the silence under the sea”

“Silences” E.J. Pratt

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Cacophony The opposite of euphony, when the sounds of words in

a line create a discordant or jarring effect when heard Example: “For growl and cough and snarl are the

tokens of spendthrifts Who know not the ultimate economy of rage”

“Silences” E.J. Pratt

Onomatopoeia Words that imitate a sound; a verbal echo of the action

being described, such as buzz, hum, slapExample: “I hear quiet clicks, cups of black

coffee, click, click like facts” “Sonrisas” Pat Mora

•Figure of Speech

An expression where certain words are arranged in a particular way to achieve a particular effect. The following are all different figures of speech commonly used in poetry:

Metaphor A comparison device where two things are compared directly. Something will be described as though it is actually something else. Example: “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough.” “In a Station of the Metro” Ezra Pound

Simile A comparison device where “like” or “as” is used as the clause. Example: “Eyes like the morning star, Cheeks like a rose”

“The Colorado Trail” Anonymous

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Apostrophe Words that are addressed to an absent or

imaginary person, an object, or an abstract thought

Example: “Love, O love, O careless love” “Careless Love” Anonymous

Denotation The precise definition of a word, the

“dictionary” meaning Connotation All the meanings, definitions or associations

that a word suggests

Theme and Tone of Poetry

Theme is simply the over all message that the author is trying to convey. Sometimes there can be multiple themes, and sometimes there is just one. Theme can be tricky to pick out in poems, but you're definitely familiar with theme already if you've read fables or stories that teach a lesson. For example, the theme of the story of the good samaritan is that we should help people who need us, regardless of our biases. So yes, one theme of this poem is about the beauties and wonders that we find in nature. But it is also about the cycle of life. Wordsworth does an interesting thing here. In his amazement at this beauty, he also shows the cycle of human life. He discusses how the rainbow is a constant beauty when he is young, when he is writing the poem, and when he will be old. "The child is the father of the Man" What does this mean exactly? It can be interepreted several ways. He could be saying that children are wiser than men, because they tend to appreciate things like rainbows more than adults. But he is more likely saying that every child will grow up to be a man, and men then can produce more children. The cycle is as constant as the beauty of the rainbow.

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Tone is how something is written - it is like the "tone of voice" that someone talks to you in. It is usually described as an emotion. When your parents are upset with you for coming home too late, they are definitely not going to be speaking in a happy tone. But does Wordsworth sound angry in this poem? Absolutely not! His tone would be celebratory, happy, and filled with wonder and awe.

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Attention