Physics M2 Pressure in fluids

PRESSURE IN FLUIDS

PHYSICS MODULE 2

UNIT 2 LESSON #11 – 12

BEGIN

OBJECTIVES

Applications Of Pressure In Fluids

Suction Cup

Hydraulics

Application Of Hydraulic Principle

QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Introduction

Pressure is force acting per unit surface area. Pressure is measured in Nm2 or Pascals.

In our lives we encounter different types of ‘pressure’!

Did you know that pressure is incorporated into a lot of our daily activities!

Do you know that some of our basic commodities such as water and transportation are supplied to us using pressure!

2

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Objectives

At the end of this presentation, students should be able:

Understand the characteristics of pressure in fluids;

Explain how certain devices work using the application of characteristics of pressure in fluids;

Answer real life questions based on the principles of pressure in fluids.

3

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Characteristics of Pressure in Fluids

1) Pressure in fluids is dependent upon density, gravity and depth below the surface the fluid.

2) Pressure increases with depth below the surface of a liquid.

3) Pressure acts equally in all directions at a certain point below the surface of a liquid.

4) Pressure is transmitted uniformly and equally throughout a confined fluid.

4

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of pressure in fluids

The following are applications of pressure in fluids:

1) The suction cup

2) Hydraulics

5

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup

The suction cup has some air trapped , whose pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure on the outside. The atmospheric pressure pushes it against the surface and it sticks to the surface and stays in place.

6

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup

Examples of application of suction cups :

The water pump – domestic and industrial

Medical uses– aspirator, acupuncture

Lift or carry heavy loads

Elderly care – Bath tub seat, shower grab bar

Spray painting

7

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup cont.

Water pump Water pump diagram

8

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup cont.The water pump

The water suction pump uses a combination of suction and hydraulic action to pump water. It is very useful in supplying water to rural and remote areas where there is no consistent supply of electricity.

9

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup – Medical uses cont.

Suction pump Use to remove

blockages in respiratory and nasal cavities.

Suction pump

10

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup – Medical uses cont.

Chinese cups – use suction during acupuncture to remove impurities from the body through the skin and treat ailments.

11

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup – Elderly care cont.

Bath tub seat with suction cups on legs Shower grab bar

12

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup cont.

Carry heavy loadsCarry large sheets of glass

13

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Suction cup cont.

Spray painting Household purposes

14

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Hydraulics

Hydraulics is an application of Pascal’s Law, which states that pressure is transmitted equally throughout an enclosed fluid.

15

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principle

16

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


There are several devices that is based on the hydraulic principle:

The hydraulic car braking system

The hydraulic car jack

Hydraulic suspension – low riders

Fire and rescue operations – lift bags

Hydraulic lifts

17

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principleHydraulic Car braking system

When someone steps on the brake pedal (2), the piston (3) exerts pressure on enclosed liquid (4) which transmits the pressure to a larger piston (5). A larger force is created which pushes the brake pad (7) against the wheel disc (8) and the car stops.

18

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principleTypes of braking systems

There are two types of braking systems:

Hydraulic systems - is a confined pressurized system that uses moveable liquids.

Pneumatic systems - is a confined pressurized system that used moving air or other gases such as carbon dioxide. Used by large vehicles such as trucks, buses and aircraft.

19

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principleHydraulic braking systems

Hydraulic braking systems use incompressible liquids such as oil and alcohol. This type of system generates a lot of heat as a result of friction, but very efficient in braking.

20

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principlePneumatic braking systems

Pneumatic braking systems – transmits force by decompression of enclosed air or gas. Any change in pressure is transmitted quickly, but requires a long stopping distance.

21

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principle – Air braking system

22

Air is a gas and therefore a fluid. It is able to transmit changes in pressure instantaneously and more quickly. This type of braking system is preferable in large vehicles.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principle – Fire and Rescue

Lift bags – have the ability to fit into small spaces, where a small force is applied to move of lift heavy loads where humans are unable to go.

23

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principle – Fire and Rescue

24

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Applications of hydraulic principle – Hydraulic suspension, e.g., low riders

25

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Hydraulic jack Hydraulic lifts

26

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Truck Hydraulic digger

27

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ

Are you ready to test yourself?

1.There are ten multiple choice items that you are required to do.

2.For each item, click on the letter of the correct response and then click the button ‘NEXT QUESTION’ to continue.

3.Click the green button to begin.

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BEGIN QUIZ!BEGIN QUIZ!

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 1

Why is a deep sea diving bell spherical in shape?

29

A. Pressure is dependent only upon the density of fluid.

B. Pressure is small due to large surface area of diving bell.

C. Pressure decreases with depth.

D. Pressure act in all directions at a certain level.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Quiz: Feedback to Question 1

Why is a deep sea diving bell spherical in shape?

30

NEXT QUESTIONNEXT QUESTION

A No. Pressure in fluids is also dependent upon depth and gravitational field strength.

B No. Pressure is due to the force exerted upon a surface area.

C No. Pressure increases with depth below the surface of the sea.

D Yes. Pressure acts in all directions, so the helmet is spherical to balance the pressure on the outside to the pressure inside the helmet.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 2

Why are the cheeks of a person pushed in when drinking through a straw?

31

A. The pressure of the air inside the mouth is greater than air pressure outside.

D. Air pressure exerts a force on the drinking straw.

C. The volume of air inside the mouth is greater than the volume of air outside.

B. The pressure of the air inside the mouth is lower than the air pressure outside.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Why are the cheeks of a person pushed in when drinking through a straw?

32


A No; The air pressure inside the mouth is less than the air pressure outside.

B Yes. Because air pressure on the outside is greater than inside the mouth, it pushes the cheeks inwards.

C No. True, but the answer is incomplete.D No. True, but the answer is not relevant to the question.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 3

If the pressure at piston A1 is 50 Pa, what is the pressure at piston A2 ? The area of piston A2 is twice that of piston A1.

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A. 25 Pa

D. 12.5 Pa

B. 100 Pa

C. 50 Pa

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


If the pressure at piston A1 is 50 Pa, what is the pressure at piston A2 ? The area of piston A2 is twice that of piston A1.

34


A No.B No. C Yes The pressure at piston A2 is 50 Pa.

Pascal’s law states that pressure is transmitted equally through an enclosed fluid.

Pressure at A1 = 50 Pa = pressure at A2

D No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Quiz: Question 4

What is the pressure at a depth of 70 m below the surface of the sea?

Density of sea water = 1150 kg m-3 ; g = 10 m s-2 .

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A. 805, 000 kPa

D. 164 Pa

C. 805 Pa

B. 805,000 Pa

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


What is the pressure at a depth of 70 m below the surface of the sea?

Density of sea water = 1150 kg m-3 ; g = 10 m s-2 .

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A - No. The unit for pressure is Pa; Pa = kg × m s-2 × m2

B - Yes. Pressure in a fluid is dependent upon density ρ, depth below the surface h and gravitational field strength g.

Pressure = h ρ g = 70 m × 1150 kg m-3 × 10 m s-2 .

= 805, 000 kg m-2 s-2 = 805, 000 N m-2 /Pa

C - No.

D - No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 5

Why will a bottle filled with water when inverted in a dish with water, it does not flow out?

37

A. The bottle suck up some of the water into the dish.

D. density of water in the bottle is higher than water in the dish.

C. Pressure inside the bottle is greater than air pressure on the water in the dish.

B. Air pressure on the water in the dish is greater than the pressure inside the bottle.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Why will a bottle filled with water when inverted in a dish with water, it does not flow out?

38


A - No.B - Yes. The air pressure on the water in the dish is either

equal to or greater than the pressure of the water inside the bottle, thus preventing the water from flowing out of the bottle.

C - No.D - No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 6

At what depth below the surface of the sea will a shark experience a pressure of 200 kPa?

Atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa; Density of sea water = 1150 kg m-3 .

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A. 17.4 m

D. 1.74 × 10-2 m

B. 8. 7 × 10-3 m

C. 8.70 m

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


At what depth below the surface of the sea will a shark experience a pressure of 200 kPa? Atmospheric pressure = 100 kPa; Density of sea water = 1150 kg m-3 .

40


A No. B No.C Yes The sea is an example of a unconfined fluid, where atmospheric

pressure is exerted. The pressure due to the sea water only = total pressure – atmospheric press.

Pressure in fluid = h ρ g Depth h = pressure due to sea water only = 100 kPa = 8.695 m ≈ 8.70 m ρ g 11500D No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 7

Why do suction cups stick to surfaces and stays there?

41

A. Suction keeps it in place.

B. There is a greater adhesive force between suction cup and the surface.

C. Atmospheric pressure is less than air pressure under the suction cup.

D. Atmospheric pressure is greater than air pressure under suction cup.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Why do suction cups stick to surfaces and stays there?

42


A No. B No. This is not the direct effect.C No. if atmospheric pressure was less, the suction cup would

fall off the wall.D Yes. The little air that is trapped behind the suction cup, its

pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure on the outside. Thus the atmospheric pressure pushes against the suction cup and keeps it in place.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

Quiz: Question 8

Why do the brakes of a car fail when there is a leak?

43

A. There is an increase in friction between disc pad and wheel disc.

D. There is an increase in pressure.

C. The disc pads are worn.

B. There is a decrease in pressure.

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Why do the brakes of a car fail when there is a leak?

44


A No.B Yes. When there is a leak, it is no longer a closed system. Any

change in pressure will not be instantaneously and uniformly transmitted throughout the liquid. A leak will result in a decrease in pressure in the system and the disc pads will not press against the wheel disc quickly.

C No. D No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 9

If the pressure at piston A is 450 kPa, what is the force exerted on piston B, if the area of piston B is 2 m2 ?

45

A. 225 kPa

D. 900 Pa

C. 900, 000 kPa

B. 900, 000 Pa

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


If the pressure at piston A is 450 kPa, what is the force exerted on piston B, if the area of piston B is 2 m2 ?

46


A No.B Yes. According to Pascal’s Law, pressure is transmitted equally and

uniformly through an enclosed fluid. The pressure at piston B is equal to the pressure at piston A = 450 kPa

Pressure = Force; Force = Pressure × Area = 450 × 2 m2 = 900 kPa

Area = 900, 000 PaC No.D No.

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

QUIZ: Question 10

Why is it possible for saline solution to be fed to a patient intravenously?

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B. Blood cells allow solutions into the cell by osmosis.

D. Saline solution is of a higher concentration than blood.

C. When on the same level, the pressure at the base of the tube will not be greater than blood pressure.

A. When elevated, the increased pressure at base of tube is greater than blood pressure .

FEEDBACKFEEDBACK

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X


Why is it possible for saline solution to be fed to a patient intravenously?

48

A Yes. The saline solution is always elevated, so the pressure at the bottom of bag will be great. The increased pressure is transmitted through the fluid in the tubing to the ‘butterfly’ inserted into the skin. A large force is exerted on the blood vessel greater than the force of the blood moving around and so the saline solution enters the blood.

B No.C No.D No.

END OF QUIZ END OF QUIZ

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

End of Quiz

You have reached the end of the quiz.

If you wish to review this lesson, go to the first slide.

If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Close (X) button.

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OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

GOOGLE – hydraulics

http://www.google.com.jm/search?num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&q=hydraulics&oq=hydraulic&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.5203.8870.0.24346.9.6.0.3.3.0.412.1272.1j3j1j0j1.6.0...0.0.OP3f6rRxk_o

Suction cup

http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00weTQHpBdLmch/Ggt-Glass-Suction-Cup-GS-10-.jpg

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http://www.google.com.jm/search?num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&q=hydraulics&oq=hydraulic&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.5203.8870.0.24346.9.6.0.3.3.0.412.1272.1j3j1j0j1.6.0...0.0.OP3f6rRxk_o

http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00weTQHpBdLmch/Ggt-Glass-Suction-Cup-GS-10-.jpg

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Drinking straw

http://classroomclipart.com/images/gallery/Animations/Food/TN_drinking_straw_cc.gif

Diving bell

http://www.google.com.jm/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iann.net/showcase/kenneth_netzel/diving_bell_001_std.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.iann.net/showcase/kenneth_netzel/diving_bell_001.htm&usg=__xWZt_TXsiEDp8YU-_XOyU9Fgl0g=&h=600&w=460&sz=34&hl=en&start=26&zoom=1&

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http://classroomclipart.com/images/gallery/Animations/Food/TN_drinking_straw_cc.gif

http://www.google.com.jm/imgres?imgurl=http://www.iann.net/showcase/kenneth_netzel/diving_bell_001_std.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.iann.net/showcase/kenneth_netzel/diving_bell_001.htm&usg=__xWZt_TXsiEDp8YU-_XOyU9Fgl0g=&h=600&w=460&sz=34&hl=en&start=26&zoom=1&

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Suction pump

http://img.medicalexpo.com/images_me/photo-g/electric-mucus-suction-pumps-portable-battery-70751-148123.jpg

Suction toilet roll holder

http://thumbs3.ebaystatic.com/d/l225/m/mmUanunRNzaDIT5GomZ0tKw.jpg

Suction spray gun

http://www.airless.net.au/sites/default/files/imagecache/product_full/Atomex-suction-feed-spray-gun-industrial.jpg

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http://img.medicalexpo.com/images_me/photo-g/electric-mucus-suction-pumps-portable-battery-70751-148123.jpg

http://thumbs3.ebaystatic.com/d/l225/m/mmUanunRNzaDIT5GomZ0tKw.jpg

http://www.airless.net.au/sites/default/files/imagecache/product_full/Atomex-suction-feed-spray-gun-industrial.jpg

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Suction cup diagram

http://abetterchemtext.com/gases/images/s_cup3.png

Acupuncture suction cups

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS4wG9Qnys0sTnKzBxTpxmFtsFYnRXZULMet6Vmk75L_aDFgc1OxQ

Bath tub seat

http://www.chums.co.uk/ProdImg/AK181_1_Zoom.jpg

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http://abetterchemtext.com/gases/images/s_cup3.png

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS4wG9Qnys0sTnKzBxTpxmFtsFYnRXZULMet6Vmk75L_aDFgc1OxQ

http://www.chums.co.uk/ProdImg/AK181_1_Zoom.jpg

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Shower grab barhttp://www.locostmedicalsupply.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/650x650/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/1/3/13084-3-angled-suction-grabbar.jpg

Suction cup for lifting heavy boxeshttp://www.schmalz.com/imperia/md/images/aktuelles/presse2/vg/2010/2010-03-30_logistik_sauggreifer_1_orginal.jpg

Suction cup for carrying glasshttp://the-gadgeteer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fastcap_hod-lifting2.jpg

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http://www.locostmedicalsupply.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/650x650/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/1/3/13084-3-angled-suction-grabbar.jpg

http://www.schmalz.com/imperia/md/images/aktuelles/presse2/vg/2010/2010-03-30_logistik_sauggreifer_1_orginal.jpg

http://the-gadgeteer.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/fastcap_hod-lifting2.jpg

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Suction soap holder

https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSNzlWFPTZkDJ-9V1_AFJgtkAN9DYl6RVU5fTmnllig_3sMbj1q

Hydraulic car braking animation

http://www.bandrbrakes-castlehill.com.au/images/general/faq_clip_image009.gif

Car braking system

http://atlprorepair.com/brakes/mstrcyl4.jpg

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https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSNzlWFPTZkDJ-9V1_AFJgtkAN9DYl6RVU5fTmnllig_3sMbj1q

http://www.bandrbrakes-castlehill.com.au/images/general/faq_clip_image009.gif

http://atlprorepair.com/brakes/mstrcyl4.jpg

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Hydraulic lift table

http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00vREQpHtyorfz/Stationary-Hydraulic-Lift-Table-SJG-Double-Forks-SJG-.jpg

Hydraulic car lift

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/imgmec/carl.gif

Air brake system

http://railroad.net/articles/railfanning/airbrakes/media/airbra-rel.gif

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http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00vREQpHtyorfz/Stationary-Hydraulic-Lift-Table-SJG-Double-Forks-SJG-.jpg

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/imgmec/carl.gif

http://railroad.net/articles/railfanning/airbrakes/media/airbra-rel.gif

OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Air braking system

http://elearningexamples.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Air-brake-system-interactive-graphic.jpg

Pressure lift bags

http://www.petersenproducts.com/images/flatformairbag.jpg

Pressure lift bag in

http://www.rescueproducts.co.uk/images/new/low-pressure-Ace-Wrecker-lift.gif

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OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Pressure lift bag in rescue

http://www.leader-group.eu/upload/medias/300_img_1011_(copier).jpg

Hydraulic suspension in low rider

http://www.justcustomz.com/articles/airbag_hydraulic_suspension/slammed_lowrider.jpg

Hydraulic suspension close up

http://www.adobenido.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/suspension.jpg

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OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Hydraulic car jack

http://www.ac-hydraulic.dk/images/products/hydraulic_jacks/hydraulic_jack-dk20_act1.jpg

Hydraulic truck

http://mz.perm.ru/images/863.jpg

Hydraulic digger

http://www.puchleitner-bau.at/upload/img/frontend_big/125.jpg

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OBJECTIVES


Suction Cup

Hydraulics


QUIZ

INTRODUCTION

X

CREDITS

Question 3http://www.hycoalabama.com/images/hydraulicfor

cepic1.JPGQuestion 7 suction cuphttp://us.cdn2.123rf.com/168nwm/stocksnapper/sto

cksnapper1210/stocksnapper121000039/16024964-man-lifting-a-sheet-of-glass-using-a-vacuum-suction-cup-tool-aka-dent-puller.jpg

Question 8 imagehttp://www.gomog.com/allmorgan/MC1.jpgQuestion 10 intravenous saline solutionhttp://www.photojournale.com/data/media/48/Ste

ven-4RS.jpg

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Education

Physics M2 Pressure in fluids