PHYSICAL FEATURE OF INDIA

India is a vast country with varied landforms. Our country has practically all major physical features of the earth i.e. mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus and islands. India is a large landmass formed during different geological periods which has influenced her relief. Besides geological formations, a number of processes such as weathering, erosion and deposition have created and modified the relief its present form.

The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the

plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting and volcanic

activity

Basically there are three types of plate boundaries:1.Transform Boundary-

2. Convergent Boundary-

3. Divergent Boundary-

The movement of these plates have changed the position and size of the continents over millions of years. Such movements have also influenced the evolution of the present landform features relief of India

(i)The Himalayan Mountains(ii)The Northern Plains(iii)The Peninsular Plateau(iv)The Indian Desert(v)The Coastal Plains(vi)The Islands

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FORMATION…The northern plain of India is formed by the interplay of three major rivers – Ganga, Indus and Brahmaputra. In the Tertiary period there was a sea , Tethys , with extension to north and west . Due to the movement of tectonic plate the Indian lithospheric plate under thrusts the lighter Eurasian plate on the north .This shallow basin marine sediments began folding due to compressive forces acting from north and south .The evolution and upheaval of Himalaya began. The plain was the fore deep of the folded mountain. Thus numerous streams took birth and flowed down the Himalayan along with load of sediments . Sediments continued lying down on the uneven basement of the fore deep .Orogeny continued till its third phase along with making Himalaya higher and higher. And sediments filled the 3-6 km deep trough . However this deepness of trough is also due to subsidence because of increasing load of sediments. so the Himalayan orogeny and filling erodes from Himalaya in it made this fertile land for us…. And the fertile plain of India was formed.

DOMINATING RIVERS

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THE NORTHERN PLAINS ARE LOCATED BETWEEN THE HIMALAYAS AND THE PENINSULAR PLATEAUS

LOCATIONAs a large plain, the exact extent can vary from source to source. Roughly, the Indo-Gangetic Plain stretches across:Kashmir in the north;the Punjab (Pakistan) a provincial region of Pakistan and the Aravalli Range;Sindh in the west;the Himalayan foothills of Assam and Bangladesh in the east; andthe Vindhya and Sapura Range, and the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the south.


The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes.This region receives very low rainfall below 150mm per year.


The Peninsular Plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It's a part of theoldest landmass on thesurface of earth.It has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills.

The Plateau consists of two main divisions:1. Central Highlands

2. Deccan Plateau


The Peninsular plateau is flanked by stretch of narrow coastal strips, running along the Arebian Sea on the west and the Bay Of Bengal on the east.


THE ISLAND GROUPS OF INDIA

India has a vast main land. Besides this, the country has also two groups of islands.

1) The Lakshadweep Islands. 2) The Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

THE ISLAND GROUPS OF INDIA

Location of the Island Groups of India

Lakshadweep Islands

Lakshadweep islands, the smallest union territory of India, is a group of islands 200 to 300 km off of the coast of Kerala in the Arabian Sea. It's located in 8º and 12º North latitude and 71º and 74º East longitude.

Lakshadweep Islands

There are 36 coral islands that constitute Lakshadweep islands, only 10 are inhabited and only six have been opened for tourism.

Their total land area is 32 km². These islands, formed of coral deposits, are called

atolls. Atolls are circular or horse shoe shaped coral reefs.

Lakshadweep Islands

Karavatti is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep Islands.

This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna.

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located between 6o and 14o North latitude and 92o and 94o East longitude in the Bay of Bengal near the Myanmar coast. It is located 1255 km from Kolkata and 193 km from Cape Negrais in Myanmar.


They are bigger in size and are more numerous and scattered.

The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories – The Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. The Andamans and Nicobars are separated by a channel (the Ten Degree Channel) some 150 km wide.


There are 572 islands in the territory, of which only approximately 38 are permanently inhabited. Most of the islands (about 550) are in the Andamans group, 26 of which are inhabited. The smaller Nicobars comprise some 22 main islands (10 inhabited). These islands spread over a length of 350 km.


They are submerged hill ranges, some of them are of volcanic origin.


India's only active volcano is found on Barren island in Andaman & Nicobar group of Islands.


The total area of the Andaman & Nicobar islands territory is approximately 8337 km² in which the total area of the Andaman Islands is about 6,496 sq.km and the total area of the Nicobar Islands is approximately 1,841 sq.km.

The highest point is located in North Andaman Island (Saddle Peak at 732 metres (2,402 ft)).


There is diversity of flora and fauna in this group of islands. These islands lie close to equator and experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.


These island groups are of great economic and strategic importance for the country.

– Tourism potential. – Security. – Trade. – Migration. – Arms smuggling. – Smuggling of all natural

resources – Control on Indian Ocean.

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PHYSICAL FEATURE OF INDIA