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JUDICIAL PROCESS
Unlocking Difficulties1. adjudged – declared;
sentenced2. arbiter – go between;
referee3. culprit – lawbreaker;
criminal; perpetrator4. deities – gods; goddesses5. disputes – arguments
JUDICIAL PROCESS Judicial process was
influenced by religion. The manner of determining
guilt of the accused showed the religiosity of the natives.
They waited for the intervention of the deities
JUDICIAL PROCESSDisputes between
individuals were settled by a court made up of the village chief and the council of elders; between barangays acted as arbiter.
court
Chieftain / datu
judge jury
Council of elders
JUDICIAL PROCESSTrials were held publicly
and decisions were rendered promptly thereby avoiding what is now known as “justice delayed.”
JUDICIAL PROCESSThe accused and the
accuser faced each other in front of the court with their respective witnesses.
Both took an oath to tell the truth.
Oath: “May the crocodile
devour me if I don’t tell the truth and nothing
but the truth”, “May I die here and now
if I tell a lie”, “May the sun and the
moon frown upon me”.
Most of the time, the one who presents the most witnesses wins the case
If the losing party contests the decision, he is bound to lose in the end because the chief always take the side of the winner.
TRIAL BY ORDEALPurpose:A way of
determining a person’s innocence or guilt
A person was subjected to various forms of physical torture
TRIAL BY ORDEALBoiling water
ordeal, suspects pick a stone in a pot of boiling water. The suspect who
refused to obey the command was regarded
as the culprit. If the suspects made the
attempt as ordered, the man whose hand was scalded the most was considered the guilty
one.
TRIAL BY ORDEALCandle ordeal,
suspects are given lighted candles of the same sizes and the owner of the candle that died out first is the
guilty.
TRIAL BY ORDEALRiver ordeal, suspects plunge into the river or
lake with lances. He who came to the surface first was considered
guilty.
TRIAL BY ORDEALOrdeal by rice chewing,
suspects chew uncooked rice.
Each of them spat his saliva and the one whose saliva
came out the thickest was adjudged the
culprit.
ORDEAL of IFUGAOSWrestling /
combat ordeal, also
called as bultong; the
vanquished in the wrestling contest was
considered the guilty party.
ORDEAL of IFUGAOSAnother ordeal by
combat called alaw, involved a duel. In this kind of combat, the loser usually lost
his life, in itself considered a just
punishment.