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The following maps were produced by the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priority-setting Program (PBCPP). This program ‘mobilized over 300 local and international scientists from more than 100 institutions from the government, the NGO community, the academia, the people’s organizations, donor communities, and the private sector’. It held regional consultation ‘where local experts validated preliminary data gathered’ and a follow up national consultation with ‘more than 200 experts from 70 institutions’. The outcome of this extensive and valuable exercise was published in the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities ‘A Continuing Challenge for the Filipino Peoples, A Second Iteration of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, Final Report’.
Citation preview
259
Philippines: Mining or Food?
by
Robert Goodland and Clive Wicks
for
The Working Group on Mining in the Philippines
Annex H: Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs The Brundtland Report, Our Common Future,
UN World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
In a world overflowing with riches, it is an outrageous scandal that more than
826 million people suffer hunger and malnutrition and that every year over 36
million die of starvation and related causes. We must take urgent action now. Jean Ziegler
UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, April 2001
Disclaimer
The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and not necessarily those
of the participating or supporting organizations. The authors have, however, done
their utmost to reflect the views of the many people they met in the Philippines and
the views and reports of the people and organizations who have commented on earlier
drafts if this report.
DEDICATION
The Working Group on Mining in the Philippines and the authors respectfully
dedicate this report to all the courageous and dignified people who have been
killed while protecting the environment and upholding human rights in the
Philippine archipelago.
260
Annex H: Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities
The following maps were produced by the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation
Priority-setting Program (PBCPP). This program ‘mobilized over 300 local and
international scientists from more than 100 institutions from the government, the
NGO community, the academia, the people’s organizations, donor communities, and
the private sector’. It held regional consultation ‘where local experts validated
preliminary data gathered’ and a follow up national consultation with ‘more than 200
experts from 70 institutions’. The outcome of this extensive and valuable exercise was
published in the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities ‘A Continuing
Challenge for the Filipino Peoples, A Second Iteration of the National Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan, Final Report’.
The Authors have selected a subset of maps to provide a flavor this outstanding
biodiversity hotspot consisting of over 7,000 Islands containing 52,177 species many
of which are not found elsewhere in the world.
Super imposing a map of the mining operations and applications on any of these maps
would show that many of the most fragile tropical ecosystems are directly threatened
by large scale mining projects. The six areas visited by the Authors are indicative of
this.
Areas are numbered and the sites visited or areas in their immediate vicinity can be
indentified in the maps as follows: Midsalip: 155, Libay 154, Tampakan 144, 146;
Pujada Bay 142; Mindoro 61 – 69; Sibuyan Island 82
These six locations feature in all most all of the priority areas identified in the maps
below. Mining at any of these sites would directly impact on these priority biodiverse
rich ecosystems.
The following maps are included:
1) Terrestrial and inland waters conservation priority areas
2) Terrestrial and inland water areas of biological importance
3) Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Arthropods
4) Conservation Priority Areas for Terrestrial Mammals
5) Conservation Priority Areas for Birds
6) National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Components vis-a-vis
Integrated Terrestrial and Inland Water Priority Areas Map
7) Marine Conservation Priority Areas
8) Conservation Priority Areas for reef fishes, corals molluscs and mangroves
9) Conservation Priority Areas for dugongs, cetaceans, seagrasses and seaweeds
This output of the ‘Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priority-setting Program’ the
National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan should become the cornerstone of the
National Sustainable Development Strategy. It should consequently inform all plans,
programs, policies and standards of all government departments, bodies and agencies.
It should inform all multilateral and bilateral investment in the Philippines. The
promotion of mining has seriously undermined this program and immanently
threatens the very sustainability of the Philippine Archipelago.
261
Biological diversity – or “biodiversity” for short – is a general term for the diversity of genes, species
and ecosystems that constitute life on planet Earth. It is defined as "the variability among living
organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and
the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species
and of ecosystems”.. .and .. “In-situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural
habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural
surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they
have developed their distinctive properties.” (Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity)
Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas and Location Index / Code
Te rre s tria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de
Batanes Is la nds P ro tec ted La nds cape and
Sea s cape 1
Babuyanes 2
Kalbario - P a tapat Na tio nal P a rk 3
Apa yao Lo wland Fo re s t 4
Abulo g Rive r 5
Buguey Wetlands 6
Cagayan River 7
Mt. Cagua 8
Balbalas ang - Balba la n Natio nal P ark 9
Mt. Cetaceo 10
Abra River 11
P ea ks o f Ce ntra l Co rdille ra (a bo ve 1000 mas l) 12
P eñablanca P ro tec te d Lands c ape 13
No rthern Sie rra Madre Natura l P ark 14
Agno / Amburayan R iver 15
Caraballo - P a la li Mo unta in Range 16
Centra l S ierra Madre Mo unta ins 17
Cas ecnan R iver Bas in 18
Auro ra Natio nal P ark 19
Zambales Mo unta in Range (Mt. Tapulao and Mt.
High P eak) 20
Camp O’Do nnel 21
Mt. Arayat Natio nal P ark 22
Angat Waters hed Fo res t Res e rve 23
Sierra Madre P o rtio n a lo ng Bulacan, Nueva Ec ija
and Quezo n bo rder 24
Umiray River 25
Mt. Irid - Mt. Angelo 26
Candaba Swamp 27
Bataan Natura l P ark and Subic Bay Fo res t
Res erve 28
Marive les Mo unta ins 29
Manila Bay 30
Mt. Binuang and vic inity 31
Kaliwa-Kana n River 32
UP Land Gra nts (P akil and Re al) 33
P o lillo Is land 34
P as ig River 35
Laguna de Bay 36
Tadlak Lake 37
Mt. Makiling Fo res t Res erve 38
7 La kes o f San P ablo City 39
Mt. Banahaw - San Cris to bal -Lucban Co ne
Co mplex 40
Mt. P a lay-P a lay - Mt. Mataas na Gulo d Natio na l
P ark 41
Mt. Malaraya t Range 42
Taa l Lake 43
P ans ipit River 44
Que zo n Natio nal P ark 45
P agbilao and Tayaba s Bay 46
Lala guna Ma rs h 47
Ragay Gulf 48
Bo ndo c P enins ula 49
Mt. Labo 50
Caramo an P enins ula 51
Catanduane s Is land 52
Mt. Is aro g Natio nal P ark 53
Lake Nabua 54
Lake Buhi / Lake Manapao / Lake Katugday 55
Lake Bato 56
Bac o n-Manito 57
Mt. Bulus an Natio nal P ark 58
Marinduque 59
Lubang Is land 60
Mt. Calavite 61
P ue rto Gale ra 62
Te rre s t ria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de
Mt. Halco n 63
Na ujan La ke Na tio nal P ark 64
Sa blayan 65
lglit and Baco Mo unta ins 66
Ma lpalo n 67
Bo gbo g, Bo nga bo ng a nd Mt. Hitding 68
Mt. Hinunduang 69
So uth Mindo ro Is lands (Semirara Is land Gro up) 70
Co ro n La kes 71
Cuyo Is la nd Gro up 72
El Nido 73
La ke Manguao 74
Sa n Vicente - Ta ytay - Ro xas Fo res t 75
P uerto P rinces a Subte rranea n Rive r Natio nal
P a rk (Cle o patra ’s Nee dle) 76
Vic to ria a nd Ana palan Range s 77
Mt. Manta lingajan 78
Urs ula Is land 79
Ba labac Gro up o f Is lands 80
Burias Is land 81
Sibuyan Is land 82
Ba lo go Waters hed 83
Tic ao 84
No rthwes t P ana y P enins ula 85
Ce ntra l P anay Mo unta ins : Madjaas -Balo i
Co mplex 86
J a laud River 87
No rtheas tern P anay - Gigante s 88
Mt. Villio n - Mapili 89
Mo bo - Us o n 90
Ma lbug 91
Da raga - P lacer – Mala tugo n 92
Mt. Silay - Mt. Mandala gan 93
Mt. Canla o n Na tio nal P ark 94
Ba n-ban 95
Ilo g River 96
Ba s ay - Hino ba-an 97
Ma ns angaban 98
Cuerno s de Negro s (Mt. Talinis ) 99
Twin Lake s 100
Ca tmo n / Carmen 101
Ta bunan Fo res t 102
Ma ctan, Kalawis an, Ca ns afa Bay 103
Ola ngo Is land 104
Argao 105
Nug-as a nd Mt. Lanto y 106
Mt. Kangbulaging and Mt. Lanaya 107
Mt. Caba lantian - Mt. Capo to an Co mplex 108
So uthern Sama r Mo unta ins 109
Biliran and Maripipi Is la nds 110
J e tafe Gro up o f Is lands (Calituban a nd Taho ng-
taho ng Is land) 111
Ra jah Sikatuna Natio nal P ark 112
Mt. P angas ugan (No rthern Le yte Mo unta in
Ra nge); Lake Mahagna o 113
Ano nang - Lo bi Range 114
Mt. Naco lo d - Cabalian Area 115
P a nao n Is land 116
Ho mo nho n Is la nd 117
Dinagat (Mt. Ka mbinllo & Mt. Redo ndo ) 118
Sia rgao Is land 119
La ke Mainit 120
Mimbilis a n P ro tec ted Lands c ape 121
Mt. Bala to can 122
Mt. Hilo ng-hilo ng (Urda neta), Agus a n de l No rte 123
Agus an R iver 124
262
Terrestrial and Inland Water Areas and Location Index / Code (contd)
Te rre s tria l & In la nd Wa te r P rio rity A re a C o de
No rth Diwata (Bis lig, Mt. Agtuugano n -Mt. P a s ian) 125
Agus an Mars h 126
Mt. Kaluayan - Kinabalian (Kimangkil R idge),
Bukidno n - Agus an de l No rte bo rder 127
Mt.Tago Ra nge 128
Mt. Kitangla d 129
Kala tungan Range 130
Ola ngui Rive r 131
Munai Tambo Co mplex (Ko la mbugan uplands &
as s o cia ted mo unta ins ) 132
Lake Lanao 133
Lake Napalit 134
Mt. P iagayungan (Ra gang) Co mplex 135
Mt. Butig / Lake Butig Natio nal P ark 136
P ulangi Rive r 137
Mt.Sinaka 138
Ma rilo g Fo res t Res e rve , Bukidno n – Davao
bo undary 139
So uth Diwata Mo unta in Ranges 140
P antukan Mabini - Maco Are a 141
Tumadgo P eak 142
Mt. Apo Range 143
Liga was an Mars h 144
So uth Co tabato I Sultan Kudara t (Mt. Daguma ) 145
Mt. Matutum 146
Lake Sebu a nd Mt. Three Kings 147
Mt. Bus a - Kiamba 148
Mt. P arker 149
Lake Maughan 150
Mt. Latian Co mplex (Saranga ni Mo unta ins ) 151
Lake Duminagat 152
Mt. Malinda ng and Lake Duminagat 153
Mt. Dapiak - Mt. P araya 154
Mt. Sugarlo a f 155
Mt. Timo lan 156
Lituban - Quipit Wate rs hed 157
P as o nanca Waters hed 158
Bas ilan 159
Camo tes Is land 160
Siquijo r 161
Camiguin Is land 162
Sulu 163
Mt. Dajo Na tio nal P a rk 164
Tawi.-tawi Is land 165
Ma nuk-manka Is lands 166
Sibutu and Tumindao Is lands 167
Cagayan Is la nds 168
Tubbataha Reef Natio nal Ma rine P ark 169
Cagayan de Sulu 170
Batanes Is la nds P ro tec ted Lands cape and
Sea s cape , a nd Babuyanes 207
Ilo c o s Mo unta in Range 208
No rthern Co rdille ra 209
Kalinga - Apayao 210
No rthern Sie rra Madre 211
Centra l Co rdille ra 212
Co rdille ra 213
Mt. P ulag Natio nal P ark 214
So uthern Co rdille ra 215
Is abela - S ie rra Madre 216
Auro ra - S ie rra Madre 217
Auro ra Wate rs hed Areas 218
Mt. Dingalan 219
Ma ria Auro ra Memo ria l P ark -Mingan Mo unta ins 220
Zambales - Bataan 221
Mt.Tapulao 222
Te rre s tria l & Inla nd Wa t e r P rio rity A re a C o de
No rthern Quezo n (Ce ntra l S ierra Madre ) 223
So uthern Sie rra Madre 224
P o lillo Wate rs hed are a 225
So uthern Quezo n (So uthern S ierra Ma dre) 226
Alabat Is land 227
Camarines No rte 228
Bico l Natio nal P ark - Mt. Labo 229
Mt. Kulas i 230
Is aro g - Cara mo an 231
Mt. Malinao 232
Bulus an Lake 233
Mindo ro Mo unta ins 234
Lake Naujan 235
Apo Reef Marine Natura l P ark 236
Ilin Is lands 237
Cala mianes 238
Cala uit Is land 239
Bus uanga Is land 240
Culio n Is land 241
No rthern P a lawan 242
P ue rto P rinc es a Subterranean River and Ulugan
Bay 243
Centra l P a la wan 244
So uthern P a lawan inc luding Balabac Gro up o f
Is lands 245
So uthern P a lawan 246
Mt. Manta lingajan - So uthern P alawan 247
Mt. Guiting-guiting Na tura l P ark 248
Tablas 249
Ro mblo n Is land 250
Mas bate 251
Eas tern P anay 252
Guimaras Is land 253
So uthern Ne gro s - Ba s ay Caves 254
Hino ba-an 255
Cue rno s de Negro s Regio n 256
Alco y Waters hed 257
Samar 258
Centra l Samar - Capo to an Co mplex 259
So ho to n - Lo quilo co n area 260
Mt. Yacgun - Mt. So ho to n Co mplex 261
Lake Danao 262
Mt. P angas ugan & Ano nang - Lo bi Range
(No rthern Le yte Mt Range); La ke Maha gnao 263
No rthern Leyte 264
Eas tern Leyte 265
Eas tern Mindanao (fro m Mt. S inaka , Mt. Kaluayan -
Mt. Kinabalia n, Mt. Hilo ng¬hilo ng, Bis lig, Mt. Butig -
Kampalili - Mayo -Tumadgo P eak 266
Mt. Bala to ca n - Kinabalian Ra nge 267
Mt. Diwata Range 268
Bis lig 269
Mt. Agtuuga no n - Mt. P as ian 270
Bukidno n / Lanao de l Sur 271
Lanao de l No rte 272
Mt. P uting Bato - Kampalili - Mayo Co mplex 273
Mt. P uting Bato 274
Mt. Malindang and La ke Duminagat - Mt. Dapiak -
Mt. P araya 275
Centra l Zambo anga 276
Wes t Zambo anga 277
Mt. Bandila -an 278
Mt. Hibo k-hibo k 279
Sulu - Tawi-tawi 280
Tawi-tawi 281
Simunul and Manuk-manka Is lands 282
Turtle Is land 283
263
Marine Areas and Location Index / Code
M a rine P rio rit y A re a C o de
Bo linao 171
Zambales Co as t 172
El Nido to Ulugan Bay 173
Kala yaan Is la nd Gro up 174
Batanes 175
Babuyan Is la nds 176
Verde Is land P as s age - Batangas 177
Cala mianes 178
Taytay - Dumaran Bay 179
Bala bac Is land 180
Tapal - Santa Ana - Va lley P o int 181
P ala nan - Divilacan Bay Area 182
P o lillo Is land 183
Cala uag Bay 184
Tica o - San Bernardino Stra it -
Lago no y Gulf 185
So uth Leyte 186
Lianga Bay 187
Siargao - Dinagat 188
Wes t Samar 189
Vis a yan Sea 190
Taño n Stra it 191
Danajo n Ree f 192
Surigao 193
Bo ho l Triangle 194
Tablas Stra it 195
P anay Gulf- Guimaras Stra it 196
So uth Negro s 197
Zambo anga de l No rte 198
Cuyo Is lands 199
Ho nda Bay 200
Tubbataha Reefs 201
Cagayan de Tawi-tawi - Turtle
Is land 202
Sulu Archipe lago 203
Mo ro Gulf 204
Malita , Dava o de l Sur 205
Sara ngani Ba y 206
Lingayen Gulf 284
Zambales - P angas inan 285
Zambales Co as t and Offs ho re 286
Subic - Bataa n 287
Manila Bay 288
Lubang Is land 289
Lian - Cala ta gan 290
Verde Is land P as s age 291
P ue rto Galera Bay 292
Apo Reef 293
Wes t P a lawa n 294
P o rt Barto n 295
El Nido 296
No rthwes t P a lawan 297
Taytay Bay 298
Malampaya 299
Wes t o f Centra l P a lawan 300
So uthwes t P a lawan 301
Kala yaan / No rtheas t Inves tiga to r 302
Bangui 303
Ilo c o s 304
Mas inlo c 305
Mas inlo c - Das o l Bay 306
Sca rbo ro ugh Sho al 307
M a rine P rio rity A re a C o de
Fuga Is land 308
Ilo c o s - Babuyan - Batanes 309
Babuyan - Batanes 310
Wes t Mindo ro 311
P alawan 312
So uth P ala wan 313
Buguey 314
P alaui Is land 315
No rtheas t Luzo n 316
Divilacan - Cas aps a pan Ba y Area 317
Divilacan 318
Auro ra-Que zo n 319
Cas aps apa n - Dilas ag - Cas iguran 320
Cas iguran So und Auro ra 321
P o lillo Is land - Camarines No rte 322
Lamo n - Ca lauag - Lo pez - Bas iad
Bays 323
Lamo n Bay 324
Camarines No rte 325
Caramo an Co as t 326
Catanduane s 327
Gigmo to 328
Lago no y - Albay Gulf 329
So utheas t B ico l Co as t 330
Bac o n, So rs o go n 331
No rthern Sa mar 332
Gubat 333
No rth Sama r 334
Bin Is land - Balicua tro Is lands 335
Tikling Is lands 336
Eas t Samar 337
Ora s Bay 338
Guiuan 339
Eas t Minda nao 340
Surigao de l Sur 341
Davao Orie nta l 342
P ujada Bay 343
Siargao Is la nd 344
Go verno r Genero s o 345
P agbilao Bay 346
Bo ndo c P e nins ula 347
Ragay Gulf - Mas ba te - Samar Sea 348
Ragay - Tic ao - Burias 349
Burias - Lago no y Gulf - No rthern
Samar 350
Burias - Tic ao Area 351
Templo Is la nd, Burias P as s 352
So rs o go n Bay 353
Ma rinduque - 354
Ro mblo n - S ibuyan 355
Ma s bate - Ro mblo n - S ibuyan Sea 356
Sibuyan Is la nd 357
Bo ngs angla 358
So uth Mas bate 359
Samar Sea 360
Wes tern Sa mar 361
Iba jay 362
No rtheas t P anay 363
Es tancia 364
Guimaras S tra it 365
Cadiz-Silay 366
Sagay 368
M a rine P rio rity A re a C o de
Guimaras Is land 369
Ca mo tes Is land 370
Ba is Bay 371
No rth Bo ho l 372
We s tern Bo ho l 373
Ca blao Bay 374
So go d Ba y 375
So uthern Leyte 376
P a nglao 377
Siquijo r 378
Ca miguin 379
Da pitan 380
Ba liangao 381
P a nguil Bay 382
Antique – Semira ra 383
So uth Ne gro s - Sumilo n Is land 384
Ne gro s – Zambo anga 385
So uth Mindo ro 386
Se mirara Is lands 387
We s t P anay - Ne gro s 388
We s t P anay (Antique) 389
Ea s t Co a s t o f P a lawan 390
No rtheas t P a lawan 391
Ea s t o f Centra l P a lawan 392
P uerto P rinces a 393
Na rra - Bro o kes P o int 394
So utheas t P a lawan 395
So uthwes t Negro s 396
So uthern Negro s Co as t 397
Tubbataha Reefs - Cagayan
Is la nds 398
Ca gayan Is lands 399
We s t Sulu Sea 400
Ca gayan Ridge 401
Turtle Is la nd 402
Za mbo anga de l Sur –
Za mbo anga de l No rte 403
P ilas Is land 404
So uth Mindanao 405
Sta . Cruz 406
Dumanquillas Ba y 407
Da vao Gulf 408
Sa mal Is la nd 409
Sultan Kudara t 410
Sultan Kudara t - 411
So uth Co tabato 412
264
Terrestrial and inland waters conservation priority areas
265
Terrestrial and inland water areas of biological importance
266
Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Arthropods
267
Conservaton Priority Areas for Terrestrial Mammals
268
Conservation Priority Areas for Birds
Midsalip, Pujada Bay, Mindoro, Sibuyan Island, Sibutad Identified
269
National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Components vis-a-vis
Integrated Terrestrial and Inland Water Priority Areas Map
Areas in or close to Midsalip, Tampakan, Mindoro, Sibuyan Island, Pujada Bay all
identified as integrated inland water priority areas
270
Marine Conservation Priority Areas
Area 204 Impacted by Midsalip and Tampakan; Area 198 Impacted by Midsalip and
Libay; Area 195 Impacted by Mindoro and Sibuyan Island
271
Conservation Priority Areas for reef fishes, corals molluscs and mangroves
272
Conservation and Research Priority Areas for Inland Waters
273
Conservation Priority Areas for dugongs, cetaceans, seagrasses and seaweeds