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Pesticide Poisoning – Cognitive Brain & Issues
V. Magendira ManiAssistant Professor of Biochemistry
Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi.&
Research ScholarAdhiparasakthi College of Arts & Science
G.B Nagar , Kalavai
Pesticides are toxic chemicals used to kill pest,
insects, rodents, and weeds that might harm our
crops and our health
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture,
public health and household environments results
in continuous exposure of human populations
and cause pesticide poisoning.
Exposure
Route
Contaminated Food
Occupational Exposure
Accidentalexposure
Mosquito coil &
RepellentWater & Soft
Drinks
Suicide
Spray DriftAgriculture Gardens
Fruits and Vegetables
=
Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and the Indian
Medical Association
Reported that
100 Cigarette Smoke
Don’t Drink & Eat
The “Pesticide Pool”!
IMA (Indian Medical Association)
Thums Up - 7.2 %Coke - 9.4 %7 Up - 12.5 %Mirinda - 20.7 %Pepsi - 10.9 %Fanta - 29.1 %Sprite - 5.3 %Frooti - 24.5 %Maza - 19.3 %
Pesticide contents in soft drinks
Exposure Leads to
Death
Extinction species
Hormone Imbalance
Birth defects
Mutation
Cancer
Nuro degenerative
disorder
30 million people affected.
2,50,000 to 5,00,000 mortality
7,50, 000 chronic illnesses
1,00,000 affected by
birth defect, mutation
&Neurodegenerative disorder
Pesticide poisoning WHO reports
December 3, 1984
40 tons of MIC gas leakedFrom UCC
immediately killing 3,800 20,000 premature deaths
half million people affectedby
birth defect, mutation &
Neurodegenerative disorder
THE BHOPAL DISASTER
In India, last October, the Hindu newspaper reported
that there was over a 2,50,000-3,00,000 farmers
suicides between 1995 and 2015 the worst ever
recorded wave of suicides of this kind in human
history.
In 2010, the state of Tamilnadu witnessed a total of
14,424 suicides.
In Bihar India, July 2015, 57 school children died
after eating contaminated lunch with "very toxic"
levels of an agricultural pesticide - Monocrotophos.
Pesticide poisoning deaths in India
PYRETHROID DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED
NEUROTOXICITY AND NEURO PROTECTIVE
EFFECT OF FLAVONOID NARINGIN ON MALE
WISTAR RATS
Pyrethroids pesticides
• Pyrethroids are a class of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides
eg. deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin,
esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and permethrin.
pyrethroids have been widely used to control insect pests in
agriculture, public health, homes and gardens.
Pyrethroids cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their
neurotoxic effects on insects and pests, the mechanism of action is
same for target and non-target organisms.
Pyrethroid pesticide poisoning Cancer Neurodegenerative disorders Mammalian reproductive toxicity Allergy and immunosuppression Cardiovascular diseases Endocrine related diseases Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Mutation Birth defects
• Deltamethrin one of the most potent type II pyrethroid
insecticides with α- cyano group.
• DLM is a basic ingredients in mosquito coil, repellent,
mosquito net, Miraculous Chalk or Chinese Chalk”.
• Deltamethrin cross blood brain barriers is dispersed in
different parts of the brain - cortex, hippocampus upon
chronic exposure.
• Neurotoxic effects of deltamethrin have been attributed to its
binding to sodium channels in the brain, acetylcholine
esterase inhibition, interaction with the GABA receptor–
ionophore complex.
Deltamethrin
Naringin
The flavonoid glycoside naringin, is the major flavonoid present in
citrus and grapefruits and constitutes up to 10% of the dry weight. Naringin (4,5,7-
trihydroxy-flavonone-7-rhamnoglucoside), it exhibits diverse biological and
pharmacological properties including anti inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, lipid-
lowering and antioxidant activities. (Choi et al., 2010). Yet no mutagenic activity.
NaringinNaringin had recently received considerable attention as a neuroprotective agent (Kim et
al., 2009). Although naringin has been previously reported as protective effect against 3-
NP toxicity induced neuronal apoptosis (Kumar and Kumar, 2010).
Animals
Wistar male albino rats weighing between 200-240 g were housed in animal
cages with food and water ad libitum. Six animals were housed per cage,
and maintained on 12/12 hr day and night cycle. The animals were fed with
commercial pellet diet (Hindustan lever Ltd., Bangalore, India). The
experiments were conducted according to ethical norms approved by the
Ministry of Social Justices and Empowerment, Government of India and
Institutional Animal Ethics Committee Guidelines. During the experimental
period care was taken to minimize the suffering of animals
Segregation of Experimental Animals
The animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each.
Group I - Control rats (Rats received no treatment and served as a control group)
Group II - Rats induced with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8
mg/kgBW orally (1/10 LD 50) for three week (21 days).
Group III - Rats administered with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg
BW orally and simultaneously administered Naringin 100 mg/kg BW dissolved in
water orally for 21 days.
Group IV - Drug alone rats (Naringin alone dissolved in water)
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of lipid peroxidation
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Antioxidant enzymes
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on the level of Non-enzymic antioxidant enzymes
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Preventive Nutrition, 2013 / 1- 6
Effect of DLM and naringin on protein impairment by SDS-PAGE
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8
Effect of DLM and naringin on DNA fragmentation analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis
V. Magendira Mani et al. / World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015) 10–26.
Effect of DLM and Naringin on Histopathological analysis of cortex and hippocampus region
Please don’t use mosquito coil,
repellent, pesticides at home, school,
agriculture etc. Give pesticide free world for future children
Children are one thirdof our population and
all of our future. Thank u