PermaCity: Hong Kong Fantasies - Presentation Alternative Economies (31 Oct 2008)

AlejandroCarrieJasperJosephineKarenNicolaYongZachary

Alexander Vollebregt

ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIESHK - OUTSIDE IN

‘global city’‘economic evolution’

HK - INSIDE OUT‘derive’

‘objective mapping’‘subjective mapping’

HK - ECONOMICS‘hong kong to the world’‘the world to hong kong’

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk mega micro’ ‘hk maximum city’

‘hk knowledge city’ ‘hk ict’

‘hk harmonious city’‘ hk agrocity’

‘hk hidden city’

HK - OUTSIDE IN

‘global city’‘economic evolution’

HK - OUTSIDE IN

‘global city’

global city and its criteria

A global city is a “command centre of world economy” Saskia Sassen

main criteria:

• placeofheadquarters’ of transnational companies• major centre for finance• locationofafastgrowing corporate orientated service sector • place international institutions• important nodeoftransportlines andinfrastructure

Recognizable is a very one-sided specification on purely economical criteria’s where so-cial and political aspects are almost not considered.

Honk Kong was walking towards the specification on purely economical concentration since the last 100 years based on its unique history.

global city

=> hierarchical system->decisiveistheglobaldegreeofcross-linking

->thestrongerthecross-linkingthehighertheposition

=> “global Network of production”

-afterseveralpointtransnationalcompaniesexternalizingtasksduetothecomplexityofthenetworkandstructure->corporateorientatedservicesector(forexample:advertisementfirms,insurances,lawoffices,….)->banksandfinanceserviceachievingmoreimportanceduetoderegulationofthe70th->morepossibilitiesforexpansion,fortransnationalcompaniesaswellasforcorporateorientatedserviceprovider

globalcityanditsdevelopment

NEW YORKBOSTEN

WASHINGTONSAN FRANCISCO

LOS ANGELES

HONG KONG

CHICACOMILANPARIS

MADRID

MOSCOW

TORONTOTOKYO

SINGAPORE

BRUSSELS GENEVAAMSTERDAM

transnational companies

-> since 60th

industryglobalcity

=> spatial clusters form the centre for global activity of the service sector ->fastavailabilityofinformation (tacitknowledge/knowhow) ->onlypossiblewithagglomeration

global cities

=> are cities that creating a network based on the strengthend flow of informationglobalcityanditsdevelopment

flowofinformationfromclustertocluster

agglomeration

cluster

agglomeration

cluster

agglomeration

cluster

flowofinformationfromagglomerationtocluster

social consequences

spatial consequences

gentrification ->processoflowincomeinhabitantsaredisplacedbyupperclassinhabitants

globalcityanditsconsequences

low-skill-worker

transnational companies

-> since 60th

industryglobalcity

outskirts

inner citywithconvenientinfrastructure

+ high-skill-expert+ low-skill-workertoservetheuperclass+ illegal immigrationcausingadditionaltention[global cities main destina-tionsforimmigrants]

- middle classglobalcity

high-skillexpert

leadingglobalcitiesandworldcitiesdefinedbytheGlobalizationandWorldCitiesStudyGroupandNetwork(GaWC)in2004

LONDON

NEW YORK

HONG KONG

SAN FRANCISCOBOSTENCHICACO

MILANPARIS

MADRID

MOSCOW

TORONTO

TOKYO

SINGAPORE


WASHINGTON

GLOBAL CITIES

wellroundedglobalcities-largewellroundedglobalcities-smallerandstillemerging

LOS ANGELES

globalnichecities-financialglobalnichecities-politicalandsocial


WORLD CITIES

subnetarticulatorcitiesworldwideleadingcities-primarilyeconomicglobalcontributions

BERLINCOPENHAGEN

MELBOURNE

MUNICH

OSLO

ROME

STOCKHOLM

BANGKOK

BEIJINGVIENNA

NAIROBI

OTTAWAFRANKFURT

OSAKA

SINGAPORE

SYDNEY

MIAMAI

ZURICH

ABIDJANADDIS ABABA

ANTLANTA

BASEL

BARCELONA

CAIRO

DENVER

worldwideleadingcities-primarilynon-economicglobalcontributions

HARARE

MANILA

LYON

MUMBAI

NEW DELHISHANGHAI

MEXICO CITY


LONDON

NEW YORK

HONG KONG

SAN FRANCISCOBOSTENCHICACO

MILANPARIS

MADRID

MOSCOW

TORONTO

TOKYO

SINGAPORE


WASHINGTON

GLOBAL CITIESwellroundedglobalcities-largewellroundedglobalcities-smallerandstillemerging

LOS ANGELES

globalnichecities-financialglobalnichecities-politicalandsocial

WORLD CITIES

subnetarticulatorcitiesworldwideleadingcities-primarilyeconomicglobalcontributions

BERLINCOPENHAGEN

MELBOURNE

MUNICH

OSLO

ROME

STOCKHOLM

BANGKOK

BEIJINGVIENNA

NAIROBI

OTTAWAFRANKFURT

OSAKA

SINGAPORE

SYDNEY

MIAMI

ZURICH

ABIDJANADDIS ABABA

ANTLANTA

BASEL

BARCELONA

CAIRO

DENVER

worldwideleadingcities-primarilynon-economicglobalcontributions

HARARE

MANILA

LYON

MUMBAI

NEW DELHISHANGHAI

MEXICO CITY

HK - OUTSIDE IN

‘economic evolution’

18401830 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Schenk, Catherine. “Economic History of Hong Kong”. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. March 16, 2008. URL http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/schenk.HongKong

Hong Kong island ceded to UK

JAN 1842

1941-1945WWII

1914-1918WWI

1967-1968PRC Cultural Revolution

1950-1953Korean war

1978China Open Door Policy

APR 1927-MAY 1950PRC CIVIL WAR

DEC 1941-AUG 1945JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF HK

1937Sino-Japanese war

1955-1964RAPID PUBLIC HOUSING BUILDING

New Territories lease to UK

1898

Kowloon ceded to UK

1860

Gold rush in San Francisco

1847 Gold rush in Australia

1851 1911OVERTHROWN OF QING DYNASTY

1912Establishment of PRC

1997Hong Kong China Reunion

1984AGREEMENT TO REUNION OF HK AND PRC

2003SARS

MAY 1842DECLARED “FREE-TRADE PORT”

FINANCE

TRADE

POLITICAL

TRADE

MANUFACTURE

AGRICULTURE

?Fishing Village

1998Completion of HK International airport

China import: Opium smuggling(86.5% total export)China export : Indentured labour to US

Formalized port from illegal to legal: Trading transist port

1959VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINT TO UK

1965Quota on HK export by US, UK

1965Banking crisis (HSBC invested in Heng Seng Bank)

1972 HKDLink Exchange System with USD, disregarding UKD

1865 Establish of HSBC

1863 Establish of Whampoa Dock Co.

320,000 Indentured labour exported > 3.4M

1973 Oil Crisis/Stock market crisis 1987 Black Monday/Stock market crisis

1997 Asian financial crisis

2008 Global financial crisis

1978 Appearance of sale of housing before built (樓花)

1950Embargo to China from US, UK(Korean War) > Drop of manufacture > “Made in Hogn Kong” branding

China export : Chinese tea to UK

Refugee from China due to WWIIProsper of textile industry

Refugee from China due to PRC civil warProsper of manufacturing industry

Industries moved away to avoid quota ban

Decline in industry, rise in service industry move to China for cheap labour

Finance, tourism, real estate and transportation took off

Prosper of small and medium-sized enterprises after industries

Regulation of gold market and banking

Rise of Chinese capitalist manufaturing, retailing and banking

Export:IncenseSalt

Rise of shipping industry due to busy trading

18401830 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030



JAN 1842

1941-1945WWII

1914-1918WWI


1950-1953Korean war







1898

Kowloon ceded to UK

1860







2003SARS


FINANCE

TRADE

POLITICAL

TRADE

MANUFACTURE

AGRICULTURE

?Fishing Village

























Export:IncenseSalt


18401830 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030



JAN 1842

1941-1945WWII

1914-1918WWI


1950-1953Korean war







1898

Kowloon ceded to UK

1860







2003SARS


FINANCE

TRADE

POLITICAL

TRADE

MANUFACTURE

AGRICULTURE

?Fishing Village

























Export:IncenseSalt


HK - INSIDE OUT

‘derive’‘objective mapping’

‘subjective mapping’

HK - INSIDE OUT

‘derive’

HK - INSIDE OUT

‘objective mapping’

NATHAN ROADWEST SIDE

NATHAN ROAD EAST SIDE

HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN



HK ISLANDWATER SIDE

HK ISLANDHILL SIDE

TSIMSHATSUI

SHUMSHUI

PO

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

TSIMSHATSUI

YAUMATEI

MONGKOK

KOWLOONCITY

QUARRY BAY

NORTHPOINT

CAUSEWAYBAY

CENTRAL

WAN CHAI

SHEUNGWAN

HK - INSIDE OUT

‘subjective mapping’

HK - ECONOMICS

‘hong kong to the world’‘the world to hong kong’

HK - ECONOMICS

‘hong kong to the world’

Where ?

Tourism

3.1% in Total GDP

13.6% in Total Employment

Financial services

15.78% in Total GDP


Trading and Logistics

27.23% in Total GDP


Merchandise Trade

Main China

47.78%

Germany2.3%

UK1.9%

U.S.A

9.1%

Japan

7.3%

Singapore

4.4%

Taiwan

4.6%

Main China

54.97%UK2.1%

Tourism Annual Arrivals

U.S.A

4.4%

Japan

4.7%

Singapore2.0%

Aus&NZ2.7%

Korea

3.1%Tiwan

7.9%

World leading countries Leading citiesSaskia Sassen

World leading countries Leading cities

Sheffield Univercity

New Leading cities(2015)

Curent Economy

Future Economy

Greenland(Denmark)

Population 55,916Area 2,175,600 km2Density 0.026 p/km2

Macau

Population 520,400Area 28.6 km2Density 18,196 p/km2

Hong Kong S.A.R

Population 7,040,885Area 1,099 km2Density 6,407 p/km2

Singapole

Population 5,588,600Area 1.95 km2Density 6,489 p/km2

Monaco

Population 520,400Area 28.6 km2Density 16,754 p/km2

Vatican

Population 821Area 0.44 km2Density 1,866 p/km2

High population densityLow population density1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2 1km2

Macau Hong kong Singapole Vatican Monaco

Hong Kong need New Engine?

Reprogramming?

Hong Kong need New Engine?

What is the next?New again?

1997 2008

2030Asian financial crisis Global financial crisis

?

Only 7% of its land

EXPANDING?

2007 2020 2050

7%93%

50%50%

93%7%

Only 7% is Green

2007

7%93%

2020

50%50%

2050

93%7%

AFTER 2050?

HK - ECONOMICS

‘the world to hong kong’

HK - FANTASIES

STRATEGIES FOR A BETTER WORLD‘hk mega micro’

‘hk maximum city’

‘hk knowledge city’ ‘hk ict’

‘hk harmonious city’‘ hk agrocity’


HK fantasies

HK ICT

HK Mega Micro

HK Maximum City

HK Knowlage City

HK Harmonious City

HK Agro City

HK Hidden City

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk mega micro’

SAVING THE MICRO

SAVING THE MICRO

SAVING THE MICRO

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

integrate> 2020

street mall

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

integrate> 2020

street mall

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

integrate> 2020

street mall

upgrade> 2030

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

upgrade> 2030

integrate> 2020

street mall

accumulate> 2030

micro mall

SAVING THE MICRO

micro now

innovate2010 - 2020

micro sites

upgrade> 2030

integrate> 2020

street mall

accumulate> 2030

micro mall

SAVING THE MICRO

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk maximum city’

Maximising space

finding available spacesmaximising buildings

maximising blocksmaximum city

maximum future potential

What is my opinion ?

?

Finding space

Making space

Securing space

How much is it?

2m X 7m

How many stores can be?

2m X 7m

Can help?

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk knowledge city’

Hong Kong and its Education now

70% of the economy is driven by the service sector.

This means 4% of the inhabitants are running 70 % of Hong Kong’s economy.

This 4% are the high skilled and high educated people.

What about the other 96% of honk Kong’s population?

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

The idea of insertion knowledge as an additional flow into Hong Kong is based on the theory to have education as the starting point (spin-off effect) for the self-development in different layers - economically, socially, envi-ronmentally and spatially.

also the needed capacities for the high-skilled jobs will be available

education knowledge

culture people stay due to the flourishing culture, as well the trading knowledge, the raising quality of live

creative industry

bringing new ideas and concepts for the intellectual development, thus creating a new market of innovation and progress

more tourism based on culture and quality of life

environment

awareness due to increase in high education-al level (ex, green research); people stay due to the flourishing culture, as well the trading knowledge, the raising quality of liveharmony

and balance

out of the lower class a new middle class will raise and fill in the gap

wider variation of job opportunities and needed skill levels

?!

how?

?!

how?

strategies = copy + paste by add - subtract - re-mix

?! ?!

three levels of educational institutions basic tertiary high

from dependent to interdependent – diversify – disperse - network

high + lowre-mix of social stratas

innovative capacity building

low + highre-mix of social stratas

specialization + greenre-mix of social stratas

Long term vision

Thinking stops pure production.

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk ict’

HONG KONG TOKYO

SINGAPORE

NEW YORK

SOUTHERN FLORIDA

HAWAII

SYDNEY

SAN JUAN

CORNWELL

If...$$

$$$

$$$

In Hong Kong...

2nd Highest broadband penetration

77% Broadband penetration

154% Mobile phone penetration

1 million mobile 3G subscribers

1/6 companies has set up overseas branch1/3 companies has set up mainland branch165% increase in manpower 1996-20028% manpower growth, 10% revenue growth

X If...

i

i

ii

i

ii

ii

i

i

i

KNOWLEDGE IS RICHNESS!!!

iHK

CENTRALHK CBD

TSING MA BRIDGE

LANTAU ISLANDHK CABLE HUB

23 MIN LINKAGE TO CBDNO TSUNAMI

NO EARTHQUAKENO VOLCANO

EXISTING DEVELOPMENT

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk harmonious city’

HK - FANTASIES

‘hk agrocity’

HK - FANTASIES


summary on Hong Kong and its economy

The ongoing urbanization process has lead to a very distinct two sided surface, with 20% being highly urban, and 80% being highly green. Both of these unbalanced developments have created consequences for it users. Living ‘inside’ the city has resulted to living in an economical jungle, a vast array of commercial activity throughout both its cores (the North-South core, as well as the East-West core).

The pyscho-sociological effects of this make the mind and body inhabit a densely active economical jungle, where there is little, if any escape. It seems ecology has had to make way for economy!

This process of urbanization has also lead to an increasing social divide, where the gap between the rich and the poor continously grows - leading to social segregation and frag-mented gentrification.

A purely one-sided economically driven urbanization process (80% services) has governed its historical spatial development.

Our visions are based on the idea to balance this current form of development in order to

create a sustainable and prosperous city - a well rounded global city.

AlejandroCarrieJasperJosephineKarenNicolaYongZachary

Alexander Vollebregt