Performance problem solving

Performance Problem Solving (Chapter 21)

R.N.Pandya (2229) Course : Performance Management

SEM-VI ,MBA (Evening) 2012-2015 Instructor: Prof Debjani Dass

B.K.School of Management, Gujarat Uni.

Saturday, April 15, 2023 R N Pandya (2229)


The Overall approach Over the years, managers are more

concerned on employees’ performances in terms of productivity and efficiency.

One of the ways to provide motivation is through the application of reinforcement theory.

B. F. Skinner introduced the reinforcement theory, also known as learning theory.

Applauding success and forgiving failure Mistake should be used as an opportunity

for learning



Types of Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement:◦A method of encouraging continued behavior

is to offer attractive consequences (rewards) for desirable performance.

◦For example, an employee is on time for a meeting and is rewarded by the supervisor’s thanking him or her. The praise is used to reinforce punctuality. Other reinforcers are pay, promotions, time off, and increased status.

◦Positive reinforcement is the best motivator for increasing productivity.




Avoidance Reinforcement: ◦Avoidance is also called negative

reinforcement. As with positive reinforcement, avoidance reinforcement encourages continued desirable behavior. The employee avoids the negative consequence.

◦For example, an employee is punctual for a meeting to avoid negative reinforcement, such as a reprimand. Standing plans, especially rules, are designed to get employees to avoid certain behavior.

Saturday, April 15, 2023 R N Pandya (2229) 5





Extinction: ◦Rather than encourage desirable behavior,

extinction (and punishment) attempts to reduce or eliminate undesirable behavior by withholding reinforcement when the behavior occurs.

◦For example, an employee who is late for the meeting is not rewarded with praise. Or a pay raise is withheld until the employee performs to set standards. Supervisors who do not reward good performance can cause its extinction.




Punishment: ◦ Punishment is used to provide an undesirable

consequence for undesirable behavior◦ For example, an employee who is late for a meeting is

reprimanded. Notice that with avoidance there is no actual punishment; it’s the threat of the punishment that controls behavior.

◦ Other methods of punishment include harassing, taking away privileges, probation, fining, and demoting.

◦ Using punishment may reduce the undesirable behavior, but it may cause other undesirable behavior, such as poor morale, lower productivity, and acts of theft or sabotage. Punishment is the most controversial method and the least effective at motivating employees.



What Organizations can do to solve performance problems



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Performance problem solving