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PHEIG&2014&
Paying&it&forward:&Practicing&Scholarship&of&Engagement&in&
Design&Education&&
14&November&2014&
Franci&Cronje&&&Carla&Enslin
➔ Why Community Engagement (CE) in Higher Education?
➔ Platform 6
Where&in&the&world?
• ‘Today&a&shocking&percentage&of&the&nation’s&
preschoolers&are&malnourished&and&educationally&
impoverished’&
• ‘thirtyNfive&percent&of&the&children&who&enrolled&in&
school&the&year&before&were,&according&to&the&
teachers,&linguistically,&emotionally,&or&physically&
deficient’&
• ‘Today&our&nation’s&schools&are&being&called&upon&to&
do&what&homes&and&churches&and&communities&
have¬&been&able&to&accomplish’
Where&in&the&world?
• Schools&with&leaky&roofs,&broken&equipment&and&
furniture&
• Textbooks&more&than&ten&years&old&
• Falling&plaster&
• Armed&guards&at&the&door&
• Teachers&spending&own&money&on&teaching&supplies&
• Expecting&to&teach&31&hours&per&week&with&no&prep&
time&
• Class&sizes&40+&instead&of&recommended&17
Where&in&the&world?
• ‘I&become&convinced&that&it’s¬&the&schools&
that&have&failed;&it’s&the&partnership&that&has&
failed’.&
• &‘and&we&wonder&why&we’re¬&worldNclass&in&
math&and&science,&or&in&anything,&for&that&
matter’.
Where&in&the&world?
• ‘I&become&convinced&that&it’s¬&the&schools&
that&have&failed;&it’s&the&partnership&that&has&
failed’.&
• &‘and&we&wonder&why&we’re¬&worldNclass&in&
math&and&science,&or&in&anything,&for&that&
matter’.&
Ernest&Boyer&(Scholarship&Reconsidered),&1995
Why&CE&an&Higher&Education?&
• ‘Making&knowledge&useful’&(Boyer&1995)&
• ‘I’m&convinced&that&colleges&and&universities&
must&become&more&actively&engaged&with&the&
nation’s&schools’&(Boyer&1995)
Scholarship&Reconsidered
‘..&Having&professors&become&what&Donald&Schön of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has called “reflective practitioners”, moving from theory to practice, and from practice back to theory, which in fact makes theory, then, more authentic – something we’re learning in education and medicine, in law and architecture, and all the rest.’ Boyer 1995
Reflective&practice
• Practitioners&should&move&between&theory&and&
practice&as&a&matter&of&course&(action&research)
Academics&should¬&only&
acquire&skills,&but&pass&them&
on&too
Houghton&et&al&in&Bender&2008
South&African&voices&• ‘There&should&be&becer&teacher&training;&reN&opening&of&teacher&
training&colleges&could&train&more&teachers’&(Matshidiso&
Modisaotsile&2012:&6).&
• ‘That&the&concept&of&community&engagement,&as&set&out&in&the&1997&White&Paper&for&Higher&Educaeon,&be&revisited&and&revised&in&the&
light&of&subsequent&experience.&The&objeceve&of&a&new&policy&
framework&should&be&to&align&engagement&with&the&third§or&
(that&part&of&civil&society&located&between&the&family,&the&state&and&
the&market)&with&universiees’&core&funceons&of&teaching&and&
research’&(Hall&2010:&48).
●11
What&makes&a&CE&initiative&effective?
• Relevant&
• Context,&mission,&strategic&plans&and&objectives&
• It&should¬&be&seen&as&a&niceNtoNhave&addNon
Aspects&of&a&communityNengaged&university
❑ Supportive&environment&&
❑ Curriculum&supports&engagement&
❑ Balanced&partnership&and&unified&cause between&role&players&
❑Meaningful&involvement&and&collaboration&between&all&
partners&
❑ InterN&&&multidisciplinary&work&as&focus&in&strategic&alliances&
❑ Strict&quality&management&by&planning&and&reflection&&
❑ CE&is&researched,&publicised&and&celebrated
Bender 2008
The&PHE&advantage
❏ Less&‘ivory&tower’&
❏ Less&visible&barriers&
❏ City&based&campuses
Help&needed
Leadership&
Community
Education&
Department
Academic
‘Technical&Maths&to&be&introduced&in&South&African&Basic&Education’&(The&Times,&November&12,&2014)&
!!!!
Teaching&skills
Newsflash
The&problem&with&Design&Education
!
Design&as&school&subject&!
Stereotyped&
‘soft&subject’&
Teachers&challenged:&lack&of&training&and&
experience&in&the&practice&of&design
‘Ultimately,&the&scholarship&of&engagement&
means&creating&a&special&climate&in&which&
the&academic&and&civic&cultures&
communicate&more&continuously&and&more&
creatively&with&each&other,&helping&to&
enlarge&what&anthropologist&Clifford&Geertz&
describes&as&the&universe&of&human&
discourse&and&enriching&the&quality&of&life&
for&all&of&us’&(Boyer&1995).
Paying&it&forward:&Practicing&Scholarship&of&
Engagement&in&Design&Education&towards&a&truly&
‘communityNengaged&environment’
&&
AAA,&Red&&&Yellow,&Vega,&CTCA,&CPUT&&&CCDI
430&NCS&Schools&in&the&Western&Cape&
88&offer&Design&(Grades&10&to&12)&
24&schools&participated&&
& & & &
What&is&it&that&sustains&the&collaborative&Platform&6&&in&
scholarship&of&engagement?&
#1&A&unified&cause
#1&A&unified&cause
The&next&generation&of&design&thinkers&and&practitioners&& & & & & & &&&&&&
& & & & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
systems&design,&environmental&and&spatial&design,&&
communication&design,&service&and&interaction&design,&&
product&and&surface&design&–&“design'is'all'around'us”
The&Design&Ladder&was&developed&by&the&Danish&Design&Centre&(DDC)&in&2003&http://www.svid.se/upload/SVID_2011/For_foretag/Undersokningar/Folder_10_points.pdf
#2&Collaborating&on&points&of&shared&interest
#2&Collaborating&on&points&of&shared&interest
#3&Strategic&alliances
#3&Strategic&alliances
#4&Consistent&planning&and&reflection
#4&Consistent&planning&and&reflection
15&workshops:&6&fullNday&sessions&+&Open&Design&Festival
#5&Primary&research,&academic&papers&and&public&
discourse (visibility,&credibility&and&strategic&
direction)&
#5&Primary&research,&academic&papers&and&public&
discourse&(visibility,&credibility&and&strategic&
direction)&
thank&you
References
Bender, G. (2008). Exploring conceptual models for community engagement at Higher Education
Institutions in South Africa: Conversation. Perspectives in Education, 26(1), 81-95.
Boyer, E. L. (1996). The scholarship of engagement. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, 18-33.
Brukardt, M. J., Holland, B., Percy, S. L., & Zimpher, N. (2004). Calling the question: Is higher
education ready to commit to community engagement. A wingspread statement. Milwaukee, WI:
Milwaukee Idea Office, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Kruss, G., (2012) Reconceptualising engagement: a conceptual framework for analysing university
interaction with external social partners, South African Review of Sociology, 43:2, 5-26, DOI:
10.1080/21528586.2012.694240
Modisaotsile, B. M. (2012). The failing standard of basic education in South Africa. Policy Brief, AISA,
72, 1-7.
Wilson Akpan , Gary Minkley & Jayshree Thakrar (2012) In search of a developmental university:
community engagement in theory and practice, South African Review of Sociology, 43:2, 1-4, DOI:
10.1080/21528586.2012.694239
