GRAMMAR VI

GROUP 7STUDENTS:

Mario Salazar Shirley Vásquez

TOPIC:Passive 3

TWO OBJECTS IN AN ACTIVE SENTENCES – TWO POSSIBLE PASSIVE SENTENCES

Passive voice also known as passive

sentences

contains a direct and indirect object.

two possible active

sentences and two possible

passive sentences.

Sentence 1: The professor gave the students the books.Sentence 2: The professor gave the books to the students.

Normally the indirect object is a person,

were the direct object are things.

Object 1 = indirect object → the studentsObject 2 = direct object → the books

EXAMPLESSubject Verb direct Object

indirect Object with

to

The professor gave the books to the students.

  Subject Verb Object 1 Object 2Active: Rita wrote a letter to me.Passive

: A letter was written to me by Rita.Passive

: I was written a letter by Rita.

one of the two objects becomes the

subject, the other one remains an

object

Note: As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant.

That’s why it is usually dropped.

ACTIVITIES WITH 2 OBJECTS Rachel will give you some advice.→ Some advice will be given to you. I sent him a letter.→ A letter was sent to him. The police officer showed us the way.→ The way was shown to us. Our neighbour gave me a lift.→ A lift was given to me. We have asked him a favour.→ A favour has been asked of him.

PASSIVE GERUNDS.use the words being

and the past participle

Gerunds are often confused with verbs. Because gerunds take an "ing" ending, some students mistake them for verbs in the continuous form. If you don't see the verb "be" in front of a word with an "ing" ending, it's probably a gerund.

1- He thinks that learning English is important for his career.

2- I like listening to the radio.

3- This morning, they're meeting their friends at the airport.

If you picked the first two sentences,

you're correct! The third sentence is in

the present continuous tense.

EXAMPLES

1- He doesn´t like being told what to do.He hates people telling him what to do2- He enjoyed being read to.He enjoys people reading to him3- They don’t like being watched.They don’t like people watching them.4- Do you remember being paid?Do you remember somebody paying you?5- He hates being photographedHe hates people photographing him.

MORE EXAMPLES She enjoys being photographed. He hates being photographed. Her baby loves being held. Poodles like being pampered. Most film stars hate being interviewed.

ACTIVITIES OF PASSIVE GERUNDS The baby likes by her mother. (hold) They're afraid of because the

neighbourhood is dangerous. (attack) The students don't look forward to on

their math skills. (test) to live in solitary confinement was very

difficult. (force) Rabbits live in fear of alive by a fox or a

large bird. (eat)

Being heldBeing

attacked

Being tested

Being forced

Being eaten

Passive with to be born There are certain events in life, in which the receiver of the action cannot perform the action, and therefore it does not have both an active and passive verb that can be used to describe them.

EXAMPLES:She was born in 1971.Where were you born? “He was born at eight o’clock in the morning.”Mercy was born in Mexico City.

"To be born" is passive and is usually used in

past. However, in some cases, present or

future are appropriate

EXAMPLES • Around 100 babies are born in this hospital

every week.• We don't know on exactly which day the baby

will be born.• They say that in China a new baby is born

every five minutes.

ACTIVITY Is Samantha pregnant? Yes, she is. The

doctor says that the baby in late July.

.- Both my mother and my father the same year, in December.

15.- Around 100 babies in this hospital every week.

Will be born

Are born

Were born

GETGet is often used instead of be in the passive voice in informal spoken English.

EXAMPLES:

I got picked up by my brother at the airport. The dog gets fed every morning. She got hired by the company in 2003.

When you use "get" to make the passive voice and the verb is negative, don't forget to add "do" or "did" for the present tense and the past tense:

He gets paid on Friday. / He doesn't get paid on Monday. She got hired for that job. / She didn't get hired until last week. They get fed at noon. / They don't get fed in the afternoon.

to refer to an action that happens by accident or unexpectedly:EXAMPLES:Their car got stolen in front of their house last night.Jerry got fired because he was always late for work.

Get expresses action and change and is only used with action verbs, not state verbs:EXAMPLES:Jerry was fired because he was always late for work.Jerry got fired because he was always late for work. (fire is an action verb)

As get in the passive voice expresses action, it makes it possible to differentiate between an action and a state if it is not otherwise clear:EXAMPLES:The living room window was broken. (state or action)The living room window got broken. (action)The passive with be and the agent mentioned also makes the distinction clear:The living room window was broken by the burglar. (action)

Idiomatic expressions with the get passive ( which are not passive in meaning)get dressedget washedget engagedget marriedget divorcedget lost

EXAMPLES:I took a shower and got dressed.When did they get married?Have you ever got lost while travelling?

ACTIVITYFor each sentence, use the passive with "get" whenever possible.

(pay) for a job you enjoy doing must be the definition of a happy life!How did the house so fast? ( build)

Getting paid

get built