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This is a summary report developed by Dr Vincent T Francisco to describe evaluation findings from the Immunization Campaign and the #1 Question Initiative. The number one question is: "Is it good for the children?" This initiative sought to embed that question as a decision making frame for all decisions related to the community.
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Evaluation of the Partnership for Children’s #1 Question Campaign
Vincent T. Francisco, Ph.D.University of Kansas
&James Caccamo, Ph.D.
Partnership for Children
Annual Report SummaryApril 9, 1999
Background of the Partnership for Children
A 10 year initiative of the Greater Kansas City Community Foundation and the Heart of America United Way
Improve the conditions for children and youth by mobilizing powerful new voices in the community to work on their behalf
Desire to launch a childrens' movement to involve adults in the lives of youth in Kansas
Context of the InitiativeKansas City Metro Area
5 CountiesApprox. 1,050,000 people (all ages)Approx. 421,000 children (<19 yrs)
Issues Include:Child Abuse and Neglect (6% increase in 1997, 18% in 1998)50% of day care personnel are degreed15% of children ages 1-5 years receive WIC benefitsSchool readiness dropped 8% in two years (to 87%)Overall high school grad rate is 73%Teen birth rate is increasing slowlyDrug use is increasingTeen Homicides rate is decreasing
Broad Program Goals
Increased involvement of adults in the lives of their own children
Increased involvement of adults in the lives of other people's children
Increased numbers of individuals to influence policies that affect children and youth
Development of a vehicle for people who want to support children and youth but are limited by time and circumstances
Double volunteerism among adults in 3 years
Increase volunteerism among youth by 10%
1/3 of the 100 major corporations will adopt child-friendly corporate policies
Public officials will adopt the #1 Question as a guide to their public policy decisions
Increase positive alternatives to youth violence
Increase immunization rates to 90%
Increase participation in training by Child Care Providers
Increased compensation for Child Care Providers
Establish a public/private youth fund to open schools after regular hours
Program Objectives
Personal contacts and prompts to do business differently
Prompts to act by local champions
Action Guides (tailored to different goals and sectors)
Grassroots advocacy and implementation
Levels of Social MarketingWhole Community (media campaign)Key Influentials (business people)Local Champions (neighborhood leaders)Citizen Action (parenting manuals, voting,
volunteering)
Intervention
Logic Model
Planning Intervention EnvironmentalChange
Behavior DistalOutcome
Focus Groups
Planning Sessions
InternalAction Planning
Personal contacts and prompts to do business differently
Prompts to act by local champions
Action Guides (tailored to different goals and sectors)
Grassroots advocacy and implementation
Institutional and SystemChanges Programs Policies Practices
Media Messages
Social Reinforcement
Resource Generation
Caring Behaviors (parents, adults)
Trustee Behaviors (key influentials)
Reported Use of #1 Question
Community-Level Indicators
Were their accomplishments related to the #1 Question Campaign?
What factors are related to the success of the initiative?
What relationship exists between community changes facilitated by the Partnership for Children and community-level impact indicators
Are community norms related to caring for youth changing?
Evaluation Questions
Monitoring System Community ChangesCommunity Responses
Community-Level Indicators VolunteerismImmunizationOpportunities for YouthPrograms using school facilitiesChild Care CredentialingChild Care Funding/SalariesPublic adoption by Key Influentials
Behavioral Survey Caring for own childrenCaring for others' childrenSupervision during risk hoursSupport for the broader community
Evaluation Methods
Were the Partnership for Children’s accomplishments related to the #1 Question Campaign?
Evaluation Question 1
Hallmark Cards announces that it will make the new birth/immunization card available to any state that wishes to use it
Kansas City MO City Council adopts the #1 Question as the litmus test for decisions
Nations Bank adopts flex-time policy to allow employees 2 hours release time to become engaged with their own children or volunteer with others' children
General Managers of all area TV stations agree to use #1 Question in news broadcasts and public affairs programming
#1 Question used to advocate the closing of an adult video store in local neighborhood--City follows up by closing the store
Partnership for Children: Selected Community Changes
Partnership for Children#1 Question Campaign
rev. 10/24/98
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112196 97 98 99
0
50
100
150
200Cumulative Numbers
Community Changes
Community Response
Partnership for Children#1 Question Campaign
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112196 97 98 99
0
50
100
150
200
250
300C
um
ula
tive
Nu
mb
ers
Community Changes
Community Response
Community Actions
What factors are related to the success of the initiative?
Evaluation Question 2
Partnership for ChildrenAccomplishments to Date
J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J A J O J1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Cu
mu
lativ
e N
um
be
r o
f Co
mm
un
ity C
ha
ng
es Community Change
Issued 1st Report Card
New Co-Chairs; Hired New Director
Issued 3rd Report Card
Hired Full-time Staff
Action Plan
Issued 4th Report Card
Issued 5th Report Card
#1 Question Campaign
New Co-Chairs
Issued 6th Report Card
Issued 7th Report Card
Evaluation Question 3
What relationship exists between community changes facilitated by the Partnership for Children and community-level impact indicators?
Immunization InitiativeMetro Kansas City
Partnership for Children - MidAmerica Immunization Coalition
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 .0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200Community Changes
Immunization Rate
Partnership for Children#1 Question Campaign
Community Change Objectives
92 total community changes from 1/96 to 12/98
Advocacy40.2%
Youth Violence6.5%
Education & Awareness8.7%
Child Care5.4%
Immunization16.3%
Raising New Voices10.9%Advocacy, Education
12.0%
Partnership for Children#1 Question Campaign
Community Change Sectors
92 total community changes from 1/96 to 12/98
Business and Commerce16.8%
Media3.2%
Education22.1%
Health Organization4.2%
Community Services23.2%
Religious7.4%
Youth Services6.3%
Government15.8%
Law Enforcing1.1%
Partnership for Children#1 Question Campaign
Community Change Strategies
92 total community changes from 1/96 to 12/98
1.1
11.2
1.1 3.4
67.4
1.1
7.9 5.62.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pe
rce
nt
of
Str
ate
gie
s
Providing Feedback
Improving Services
Enhancing Skills
Changing Physical Design
Facilitating Support
Barrier Removal
Creating Opportunities
Providing Information
Changing Incentives
Are community norms related to caring for youth changing?
Evaluation Question 4
Behavioral Survey of Community Caring for Youth
What do people do to care for their own children?
What do people do to care for others' children?
What do people do to care for children at peak risk hours (3 to 6 pm)?
What do people do to support a community caring for its youth?
Demographics of the Survey Sample
Demographics of the respondents from the baseline survey and this year’s survey are virtually identical.
The average age of respondents is 48, racially similar to the community's racial mix, and two-thirds of the respondents were women.
60% of the respondents had a high diploma, half of them having some college, and 70% had incomes from less then $25,000 to $75,000.
Two-thirds were married living together in Kansas City for more than five years. Approximately half of the respondents had children of their own.
We found that on average, people who had children cared for slightly more than 2 children.
The most common activities (in rank order) included: talking with them, involving them in things they did, watching them, and basic caring.
Although the number of people who have kids increased from 1997, they are doing less activity with their children and spending less time with them.
The activities in which there was an increase in activity were going to their place of worship and talking with them.
What do people do to care for their own children?
There was a slight increase from 1997 in the number of children doing activities with adults other than their parents.
For those people who cared for other people's children, activities included (rank ordered):
talking with them, watching them, playing with them, correcting them, taking them places, helping them to do things, and involving them in things the adult was doing.
What do people do to care for their own children? (cont.)
Those who cared for other people's children are spending about the same amount of time as last year while looking after more children.
Therefore activities shifted to more supervisory activities (watching, correcting, travel time) rather than recreation.
What do people do to care for their own children? (cont.)
For those people who cared for children, there was a shift in the places of activity including (rank ordered):
providing support in their home,in the neighborhood,at entertainment or recreational places,and the neighborhood in general.
We found that for people who provided support for other families, the average number of different families that they supported decreased in 1998 from last year, however, the quality of interactions increased.
What do people do to care for others' children?--and--
What do people do to care for children at peak risk hours (3 to 6 pm)?
The kind of support included (rank ordered): providing tangible aid, giving information and advice, giving emotional support and encouragement, listening to them, and talking about their own or similar experiences.
There was no change in the number of different organizations supported from last year, however, there was an increase in (rank order):
doing things with youth, doing things for organizations, and giving money.
What do people do to care for others' children?--and--
What do people do to care for children at peak risk hours (3 to 6 pm)? (Cont.)
What do people do to support a community caring for its youth?
To provide support for a community caring for its youth:the number of adults voting on bond issues during the past year, wrote to an elected official,or wrote to an appointed official (e.g., school superintendent),
all decreased since 1997.
Although the number of these adults decreased, the number of times they voted or wrote officials increased. This may provide evidence that there are fewer people acting, but doing so a lot more frequently.
General Summary Questions: regarding the awareness, use, importance, and satisfaction of the #1 Question
In 1998, 72.1% heard of the question mostly through:advertisements (78.8%), schools (6.7%), and at home (6.5%).
Additionally, of those who have heard of the question (71%):89% use the question mostly at home,46% use it in their neighborhood,40% use it at their place of worship,36% use it at school,and 32% use it at their place of business.
The importance that adults in the metro area ask #1 Question remained the same as in 1997 (extremely important), yet the satisfaction that adults in the metro area ask the question is decreasing.
On the surface, the "importance" question would indicate that not much movement is possible by a traditional social marketing campaign, it is quite evident that there is a tremendous opportunity to change people's behavior since such a large number of people are not satisfied that people actually use this question when making decisions.
General Summary Questions: regarding the awareness, use, importance, and satisfaction of the #1 Question (Cont.)
Sub-analyses of the Data from the Annual Survey of Adult and Community Caring for Youth
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey (Trend Analysis)
Involvement With Your Children
*Time spent per week with children between the hours of 3pm and 6pm
1997 1998 0hrs
10hrs
20hrs
30hrs
40hrs
50hrs
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Time Spent with Children Those Who Have Children
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey (Trend Analysis)Involvement With Other Children and Youth
* Time spent per week with children between the hours of 3pm and 6pm
1997 1998 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0hrs
1hrs
2hrs
3hrs
4hrs
Average Number of Other's Children
Time Spent with Other's Children
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Increase Involvement of Adults in the Lives of Children
*Time spent per week with children between the hours of 3pm and 6pm
28
.6%
21
%
18
.9%
31
.5%
34
.9%
20
.9%
16
.1%
28
.1%
0 hrs 1-2 hrs 3-4 hrs 5+ hrs 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1997 1998
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Increase Involvement of Adults in the Lives of Children
*Time spent per week with children between the hours of 3pm and 6pm
57.3
%
48.1
%
38.3
%
40%43
.6%
39.3
% 47.5
%
46.9
%
0 hrs 1-2 hrs 3-4 hrs 5+ hrs 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1997 1998
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Increase Involvement of Adults in the Lives of Children
*Time spent per week with children between the hours of 3pm and 6pm
19
.1%
11.4
%
8.8
%
21
.2%
16
.5%
7.4
%
7.9
%
13
.5%
0 hrs 1-2 hrs 3-4 hrs 5+ hrs 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Have Children Do Not Have Children
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Promoting Safe Places to Go Outside of School
32% 42
.8%
32.4
% 47.8
%
56.8
% 70%
1997 1998 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Entertainment/Recreational Places
In Own Neighborhood
In Own Home
Where respondents spend time with children after school / at night
Partnership for Children #1 Question Phone Survey
Establish A Fund To Open Schools After Regular Hours
52
.6%
44
.7%
47
.4%
37
.7%
1997 1998 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Have Children Do Not Have Children
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Support for a Caring Community
* From 1998 survey
21.2%
Advertisement78.8%
Home6.5%
Health Care0.3%
Place of Worship2.7%
School6.7%
Business3.2%
Neighborhood1.8%
Where respondents first learned of the #1 Question*
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question in General
* From 1998 survey
Heard of #1Q72.1%
Haven't Heardof #1Q27.9%
Use #1Q70.5%
Don't Use #1Q29.5%
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question in General
* From 1998 survey
Heard of #1Q78.1%
Haven't Heardof #1Q21.9%
Use #1Q81.7%
Don't Use #1Q18.3%
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question in General
* From 1998 survey
Heard of #1Q72.1%
Haven't Heardof #1Q27.9%
Use #1Q70.5%
Don't Use #1Q29.5%
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
Support for a Caring Community
* From 1998 survey
Home89%
Business32%
Place of Worship40%
School36%
Health Care20%
Neighborhood46%
Where respondents use the #1 Question*
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question Awareness and Adoption
67.6%
22.9%
5.4%1.8% 2.3%
74.9%
18.1%
5%1.3% 0.8%
ExtremelyImportant
Important Neither Unimportant ExtremelyUnimportant
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1997 1998
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question Awareness and Adoption
From 1998 survey
70.2%
22.1%
3.8% 1.8% 2.1%
61%
25%
9.5%1.9% 2.6%
ExtremelyImportant
Important Neither Unimportant ExtremelyUnimportant
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Heard of #1Q Haven't Heard of #1 Q
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question Awareness and Adoption
14.3%
37%
19.7% 20.7%
8.4%9.1%
34%
21.4%18.6% 17%
Not Satisfied Somewhat NotSatisfied
Neutral SomewhatSatisfied
Very Satisfied0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
1997 1998
Partnership for Children#1 Question Phone Survey
#1 Question Awareness and Adoption
From 1998 survey
20.7%23.4%
13.1%
34.5%
8.4%12.8%
15%
29.7%
37.5%
5%
Not Satisfied Somewhat NotSatisfied
Neutral SomewhatSatisfied
Very Satisfied0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Use #1Q Don't Use #1Q
Potential Community Level Indicators
Volunteerism
Immunization
Opportunities for Youth
Programs using school facilities
Child Care Credentialing
Child Care Funding/Salaries
School Attendance and Achievement
Criminal Justice
Issues and Recommendations
Improve/Strengthen Independent Variable
Track funding for youth serving organizations
Track kinds of volunteering for youth (are they volunteering with youth, or doing office work?)
Expand EvaluationInclude survey of Community Changes among other org’sTrack number of new voices
Get More Staff for the Partnership for Children