Paper batteryBy P.B.S.SIREESHA

Under the guidance of Prof: VISHWANATH.P

Paper battery:?

A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production device formed by combining carbon nanotube with a conventional sheet of cellulose-based paper.

A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super-capacitor , combining two components that are separate in traditional electronics .

GENERAL Li-ION BATTERYGenerally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in mobiles,laptops and most of the electronic devices.3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are: 1. -ve electrode(graphite) 2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide) 3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)

During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+ carry the current from the negative to the positive electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the non-aqueous electrolyte

Disadvantages of Li-Ion

expansive -- 40% more than NiCd.

delicate -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well.

regulations -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price).

 Working Conventional Battery Vs Paper Battery Conventional Battery produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal .Chemical reaction in Paper Battery is between electrolyte and carbon nano-tubes. Electrons must flow from negative to positive terminal for the chemical reaction .The Paper electrode stores charge while recharging in 10 seconds because ions flow through the thin electrode quickly

Process of preparing paper battery: first black

carbon ink is applied on a

cellulose based paper….

Black carbon ink is being spread on

the paper….

It is heated so that the carbon nano

tubes get attached

to the paper

Peal it off

Connect LED on

both the ends…and

check it

WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY?

Ultra-thin size & flexible structure. Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)

Operating temper ature(-75 to 100 degree celsius)

provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.

Cost-effective.

CONSTRUCTION OF PAPER BATTERYCNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution based process.The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min.This film is then peeled off from substrate.These films act as electrodes of paper battery. one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2).Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) .

STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS

1.Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.

2. Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.

3. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal

4. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.

Working of a paper battery:

Carbon nano tubes:

A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer scale. A nanometer is one billionth of the meter or about one ten-thousandth the thickness of the human hair. The graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up chicken wire with a continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexagons. Carbon Nanotubes have many structures, differing in length, thickness, and in the type of helicity and number of layers.

Although they are formed from essentially the same graphite sheet, their electrical characteristics differ depending on these variations, acting either as metals or as semiconductors.

Because of the symmetry and unique electronic

structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube

strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given

(n,m) nanotube, if n = m, the nanotube is metallic;

if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is

semiconducting with a very small band gap, otherwise

the nanotube is a moderate semiconductor

Spinning Carbon NanotubeCARBON NANOTUBE

Rolled at angle

Graphene structure

Characterization:

Carbon nano tubes can be characterized by their structure.

Multi –wall carbon nano tube(MWCNT)

a=0.246nm

Diameter of an idel nano tube is

APPLICATIONS

APPLICATIONS

•Pacemakers in heart flexible batteries for smart cards

• The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up, folded or cut. •We can get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage stamp. •If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage. If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the power and voltage issue. • Because the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be used to power pacemakers within the body where conventional batteries pose a toxic threat.

ADVANTAGES

•Flat discharge curve:Paper batteries disposable thin Battery’s cells feature a straightAnd stable discharge curve untilComplete depletion of theirCapacity , enabling steadyPerformance of powered products over tine

DISADVANTAGES

Carbon ano tubes are very expansive

Batteries with large enough power are unlikely to be cost effective

For commercial viabilities, these batteries have to be scaled upto Sheets of news paper size.

Replacing old batteries results wastage of old electronic goods

Generation of E-Waste

Should not be inhaled as they can damage lungs

conclusion