Name: Trivedi Disha HiteshbhaiPaper no: 12 (ELT)Topic: Topic: major language learning principlesYear: 2015-2017M.A.Sem=3Submitted to: Smt. S.b.gardi department of English M. K. Bhavnagar University

What is language?

“Language is a complex, specialized skill, which develops in the child spontaneously, without conscious effort or formal instruction”.

"Language is a system of arbitrary conventionalized vocal, written or gestural symbols that enable members of a given community to communicate with one another”.

What is learning? "Learning is acquiring or getting a

knowledge of a subject or a skill by study, experience or instruction”. "Learning is a relatively permanent change in a behavioural tendency and is the result reinforced practice“.

What is teaching?"Teaching is showing or helping

someone to learn how to do something giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge”.

Language learning principles

Cognitive principle Affective principle Linguistic principle

Cognitive principle Automaticity Meaningful learning Anticipation of rewards Intrinsic motivation Strategic investment

People are wired to learn languages Aptitude can speed up learning Some learners take on a different persona when speaking

another language Some learners resist sounding and acting differently Some learners have a higher tolerance for ambiguity than

others Learners who use learning strategies effectively are more

successful Learning in your preferred learning style increases motivation

and effectiveness Motivation affects the time spent learning a language Learner attitudes affect motivation If you expect to succeed, you will be more likely to succeed If you have unreasonable expectations you may get

discouraged Certain kinds of anxiety can interfere with your language

learning Fear of making mistakes can inhibit your learning

Affective principles Language ego Self-confidence Risk taking Language culture connection

Key features: Find ways to relax and get away from the

language for short breaks. Believe that you can learn a second language. Find ways to express your personality. Accept the fact that you sound like a child,

even though you are an adult. Remind yourself of your motivation. Learn to take risks wisely. Expect to make mistakes, and learn from them. Be patient with yourself and persevere. Learn to laugh at your mistakes.

Linguistic principles Native language effect Interlanguage Communicative competence

Key features: Use all your resources to communicate Coin words to help you communicate, but be careful Rehearse what you want to say ahead of time Learn responses to keep the conversation going Use memorized phrases at the beginning to get people to

talk to you Check out the meaning of words, before you add them to

your active vocabulary Give and get feedback to check comprehension Look for people who have time to talk with you Make friends with some monolingual speakers Find people who speak clearly.

Common language teaching methods

Grammar translation method Direct method The audio-lingual method The communicative language teaching

approach

Techniques of using grammar translation method

Translation of a literary passage Reading comprehension questions Fill-in the blank Memorization Use words in sentence

Use of Direct method Reading aloud Question and answer exercise Student self correction Conversation practice Fill in the blank exercise Dictation Paragraph writing

Key features : Interact with people Listen to other learner talk with native speakers. Make a culture friend who will tell you when you act or

speak inappropriately. Try to find pen-pal. Find good language role models. Show your interest in the language and culture. Learn appropriate varieties of the language. Ask for help and you will learn as well as make friends. Look for people who have time to talk with you Participate as fully as possible in the culture

Use of audio lingual method Dialog memorization Repetition drill Chain drill Single Slot substitution drill Questions and answer drill Grammar game Complete the dialog

Key features : New material is presented in dialog form. There is dependence on mimicry, memorization

of set phrases, and over-learning. Structures are sequenced by means of

contrastive analysis and taught one at a time. Structural patterns are taught using repetitive

drills. There is little or no grammatical explanation. Grammar is taught by inductive analogy rather

than deductive explanation. Vocabulary is strictly limited and learned in

context.

Other methods There are many different types of

language learning method through which we can easily understand the language in batter way.

Community language learning The silent way Suggestopedia Total physical response The natural approach

References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPc

BPNRTjm http://www.slideshare.net/JorgeRengifo

3/principles-of-language-learning-and-teaching

Thank you...