VideoconferencingVideoconferencing

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""Facing the Challenge of a New AgeFacing the Challenge of a New Age""

““This new world of geographical togetherness This new world of geographical togetherness has been brought about, to a great extent, has been brought about, to a great extent, by man's scientific and technological by man's scientific and technological genius. Man has been able to dwarf genius. Man has been able to dwarf distance, place time in chains and carve distance, place time in chains and carve highways through the stratosphere. highways through the stratosphere. Through our scientific genius, we have Through our scientific genius, we have

made the world a neighborhoodmade the world a neighborhood”…”…

Martin Luther King, Jr., December, 1956Martin Luther King, Jr., December, 1956

Videoconferencing – What Is ItVideoconferencing – What Is It??

““Video conferencing in its most basic Video conferencing in its most basic form is the transmission of image form is the transmission of image (video) and speech (audio) back and (video) and speech (audio) back and forth between two or more forth between two or more

physically separate locationsphysically separate locations”.”.

Videoconferencing ComponentsVideoconferencing Components

Cameras (to capture and send video from Cameras (to capture and send video from your local endpoint) your local endpoint)

Video displays (to display video received Video displays (to display video received from remote endpoints)from remote endpoints)

Microphones (to capture and send audio Microphones (to capture and send audio from your local endpoint)from your local endpoint)

Speakers (to play audio received from Speakers (to play audio received from remote endpoints)remote endpoints)

Two Additional RequirementsTwo Additional Requirements::

Codec - "compressor/de-compressor“ - makes Codec - "compressor/de-compressor“ - makes the audio/video data "small enough" to be the audio/video data "small enough" to be practical for sending over expensive network practical for sending over expensive network connections. A codec takes analog signals, connections. A codec takes analog signals, compresses and digitizes them, and transmits compresses and digitizes them, and transmits the signals over digital phone lines.the signals over digital phone lines.

The Supporting System and the Network The Supporting System and the Network ConnectionConnection

But It’s Much More Than VideoBut It’s Much More Than Video::

Computer presentationsComputer presentations Other mediaOther media

• CDs, DVDs, CDs, DVDs, ELMO visual presenter (hardcopies, photos)ELMO visual presenter (hardcopies, photos)

Various UsesVarious Uses::

Presentations Presentations Virtual meetingsVirtual meetings Videoconference-based learningVideoconference-based learning JIT (just in time) eventsJIT (just in time) events Recruitment/search committeesRecruitment/search committees General meetings General meetings

Additional UsesAdditional Uses::

Project coordination Project coordination Informal work sessions Informal work sessions Alumni relations Alumni relations

Question and answer sessionsQuestion and answer sessions

VideoconferencingVideoconferencing Traditional videoconferencing was about Traditional videoconferencing was about

audio-video communications to facilitate audio-video communications to facilitate meetings without the burden of travel.meetings without the burden of travel.

Visual collaboration is much more; it is the Visual collaboration is much more; it is the combination of audio and video and data in combination of audio and video and data in both real-time and store-and-forward both real-time and store-and-forward applications.applications.

It’s not just about meetings anymore.It’s not just about meetings anymore.

Benefits of VideoconferencingBenefits of Videoconferencing

Can improve work qualityCan improve work quality Increase productivityIncrease productivity Reduce costsReduce costs Improves communicationImproves communication Groups can meet more frequentlyGroups can meet more frequently Critical meetings can be convened in less timeCritical meetings can be convened in less time More faculty and staff can be involvedMore faculty and staff can be involved

Benefits of Videoconference-based LearningBenefits of Videoconference-based Learning

Closely resembles traditional classroom-based Closely resembles traditional classroom-based education; permits learners to be active participants education; permits learners to be active participants in the processin the process

Faculty and staff needs can be met more quickly Faculty and staff needs can be met more quickly through just-in-time trainingthrough just-in-time training

More faculty and staff can be trained faster without More faculty and staff can be trained faster without increasing training resourcesincreasing training resources

Guest lecturers can be easily integrated into the Guest lecturers can be easily integrated into the course course

Benefits of Videoconference-based LearningBenefits of Videoconference-based Learning

Enables any site to be the provider of the learning Enables any site to be the provider of the learning activities.activities.

Videoconferencing is cost-effective, when you Videoconferencing is cost-effective, when you consider the traveling costs for traditional training.consider the traveling costs for traditional training.

Videoconference-based learning exploits the already Videoconference-based learning exploits the already

acquired videoconferencing technologies and acquired videoconferencing technologies and network infrastructure.network infrastructure.

Limitations of VideoconferencingLimitations of Videoconferencing

The initial cost of the equipment and leasing the The initial cost of the equipment and leasing the lines to transmit conferences may be prohibitive.lines to transmit conferences may be prohibitive.

Unless a strong effort is made by the instructor, Unless a strong effort is made by the instructor,

students not located with the instructor may remain students not located with the instructor may remain uninvolved in the course. uninvolved in the course.

If visuals, like handwritten or copied materials, are If visuals, like handwritten or copied materials, are not properly prepared, students may have a difficult not properly prepared, students may have a difficult time reading them. time reading them.

Limitations of VideoconferencingLimitations of Videoconferencing

If the “pipe” that carries the transmission among sites is If the “pipe” that carries the transmission among sites is not large enough, the students may observe “ghost not large enough, the students may observe “ghost images” when rapid movement occurs in “real time”images” when rapid movement occurs in “real time”

If the system is not properly configured, class members If the system is not properly configured, class members may observe an audio “echo” effect. The result is audio may observe an audio “echo” effect. The result is audio interference that detracts from the learning environment.interference that detracts from the learning environment.

Limitations of Limitations of VideoconferencingVideoconferencing

The absence of QOS (Quality of Service) provides The absence of QOS (Quality of Service) provides virtually no guarantee of a satisfying and successful virtually no guarantee of a satisfying and successful experienceexperience

Though the technology is improving, a successful Though the technology is improving, a successful videoconference is dependent upon the connections videoconference is dependent upon the connections and technologies at all of the participating sites, and technologies at all of the participating sites, AND the network infrastructureAND the network infrastructure

Security issuesSecurity issues

Start you workStart you work

At the beginning of a videoconference make sure At the beginning of a videoconference make sure that participants introduce themselves. It is often that participants introduce themselves. It is often helpful to have a sign in the background that gives helpful to have a sign in the background that gives your location.your location.

Look directly at the camera as often as possible Look directly at the camera as often as possible when speaking.when speaking.

Wear neutral, solid colors. Avoid checks and stripes. Wear neutral, solid colors. Avoid checks and stripes. Avoid white and shades of red. Red is not codec-Avoid white and shades of red. Red is not codec-friendly. Bright fluorescent objects also cause halo friendly. Bright fluorescent objects also cause halo effects and other distracting artifacts. effects and other distracting artifacts.

Start your workStart your work

Be natural, but try to minimize motion. Be natural, but try to minimize motion.

Try to arrange a simple, uncluttered, static Try to arrange a simple, uncluttered, static background in neutral or darker solid background in neutral or darker solid colors. Do not sit in front of windows. Tilt colors. Do not sit in front of windows. Tilt pictures, framed degrees, awards or any pictures, framed degrees, awards or any other glass-covered wall hanging downward other glass-covered wall hanging downward to eliminate reflection and glare.to eliminate reflection and glare.

Start your workStart your work

Try to have direct light on the face of the person Try to have direct light on the face of the person speaking. Too much light from behind causes speaking. Too much light from behind causes silhouetting, too much from above causes shadows silhouetting, too much from above causes shadows under the eyes.under the eyes.

Avoid placing videoconferencing equipment in rooms Avoid placing videoconferencing equipment in rooms prone to echo effects or exposed to outside noise. prone to echo effects or exposed to outside noise. Eliminate in-room sources of extraneous noise. On Eliminate in-room sources of extraneous noise. On multipoint video conferences mute your location multipoint video conferences mute your location when not speaking. when not speaking.

Start your workStart your work

Be aware of the transmission delay Be aware of the transmission delay ... pause for others to comment.... pause for others to comment.

When asking questions in a group When asking questions in a group

conference, direct the question to conference, direct the question to a specific individual if possible.a specific individual if possible.

Use a real or even a fake plant to Use a real or even a fake plant to humanize the setting.humanize the setting.

Videoconference-basedVideoconference-basedLearning StrategiesLearning Strategies

Establish Class ExpectationsEstablish Class Expectations• It ain’t MTVIt ain’t MTV• At the begging of the session, prepare the At the begging of the session, prepare the

preparing learners for an active experiencepreparing learners for an active experience

Reduce DistractionsReduce Distractions

Engage Students with Variety and InteractionEngage Students with Variety and Interaction

Encourage DialogueEncourage Dialogue

Using videoconferencing in Using videoconferencing in open university in ukopen university in uk

http://www.open.ac.uk/

The course, "You, Your Computer and the Net" (OU code T171(

In In open university there courses are uploaded within the open university there courses are uploaded within the website using several types of delivery system website using several types of delivery system including videoconferencingincluding videoconferencing . .

They use it for many reasons :They use it for many reasons : Deliver learning materialsDeliver learning materials Enhance discussions and communicationEnhance discussions and communication Provide learners with different resources of Provide learners with different resources of

learninglearning Uploading messages from the university to Uploading messages from the university to

their participants.their participants.

The endThe end