Struts Framework

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Overview What is Framework ? Characteristics of Framework. Role of a Framework. Need of a Framework. Struts Framework. Components of Struts. Working of Struts MVC. Anatomy of Struts Application. Merits of Struts. Limitation of Struts. Alternative to Struts.

Framework Framework is a set of classes and interfaces that helps in

building an application

A good framework should provide generic behavior that can be utilized across many different types of applications

Characteristics of a Framework Consist of various classes or components which gives an

abstraction of a specific concept

Gives definition of how these classes or components work with each other to provide a solution to a problem

Components and classes can be reused

Provide an organised pattern of an application

Role of a Framework Framework captures the design decisions that are

common to an application domain

Role

Creation and Usage for Particular Domain

Ease of Maintenance

Allow direct Execution and Reuse directly

Propagate design reuse over code reuse

Need of a Framework Required for developing rapid, extensible, loosely coupled

and highly cohesive applications

Needed to incorporate the following features in software design process Modularity - Encapsulating the application specific details, which

may change and separate it from a stable interface

Extensibility - Ease with which a new behavior can be added depending upon the application domain

Reusability - By defining generic components that can be reapplied to create new applications

Inversion Of Control (IOC) - Design pattern which reduces the tight coupling between associating object by creating separate event handler objects.

Struts Struts is an open source java-based web application

framework

Offer a unified framework based on MVC 2 Architecture

Developed by Craig Mcclanahan and supported by Apache Software Foundation’s Jakarta group

This framework resides in the web tier, and the struts application are hosted by a web container

Basically consist of two entities First, It is an MVC application

Second, Has a set of utilities and libraries as tool set to build web applications

Struts Framework The major components of Struts framework are:

Basic framework

Provide the MVC 2 functionality

Tag Libraries

Helps to view logic in JSP

Tiles-Plugin

Sub-framework allows the reuse of presentation code

Validator-Plugin

Sub-framework, facilitates validation of data on server as well as on the client side

Working of Struts MVC

Implementing Struts in MVC

JSP(View)

JSP(View)

Action Servlet(Controller)

Action Class 1

Action Class 2

Action Class 3

Model

Anatomy of Struts Application Create the required view (JSP/HTML) pages

Create the ActionForm Bean

Configure ActionForm Bean in struts-config.xml

Create the Application’s Controller component (ActionServlet)

Configure ActionServlet in web.xml file

Create the Controller component (Action)

Define the relationships that exists between the views and Controller in struts-config.xml

Configure struts-config.xml file in web.xml

Build and Run the Application

Merits of Struts Code Extensibility

Many Struts values are represented in XML or in property files, so changes can be made to the file without recompiling the java code

Supports for Localization and Internalization Using ResourceBundle

Simple Request Processing Mechanism Provides several utilites, such as StructValidatorUtil,

MessageResource class and so on, which simplifies the request processing mechanism

Model-View Communication Provides a set of taglib tags which allows us to create HTML forms

that directly associates with JavaBean component

Input Validation Provide built-in capability for validation of form values

Limitation of Struts Steep Learning Curve

For smaller projects the learning curve for this framework prove to be too steep

Only MVC

Only MVC based application can be created

Single ActionServlet

Only a single ActionServlet can be used in an application, which can cause configuration variance

Event Model

Doesn’t support Event Model (Similar to Swing Component)

Alternatives to Struts Cocoon

An Apache framework for web development and separates business logic, presentation logic and component based web development. The web application is build as a “component pipeline”.

WebWork

Java based Web-application framework. Provides a strong support to build reusable User Interface templates for form control, UI themes, internationalization, client and server side validations and so on.

Jakarta Velocity

Another framework similar as Struts has a capacity to do lot more beyond just creating dynamic web content. Capable of generating SQL, PostScript, and XML form templates.

Alternatives to Struts Stxx

An extension of Struts framework to support XML and XSL without changing the Struts functionality

JSF Designed to ease the process of building GUI’s of Java Server

Application. Provides standard JSP tags and API’s which helps in managing complex HTML forms, event handling activities, and presentation of data.

Spring New framework for J2EE applications. Different from other

framework, because it provides a way to manage business objects. It is comprehensive and modular

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