2016
By: ENGR MUNIR AHMED MAHAR
According to new pattern of Karachi intermediate board of
education. This notes are divided into C language Programming And
Database with Ms-Access
C
C is a programming language developed at AT & Ts Bell
Laboratories of USA in 1972 by
Dennis Ritchie.
C is a computer Programming language that means that you can use
c to create lists of instruction for a computer to follow c is one
of thousands of programming languages currently in use c has been
around for several decades and has won widespread acceptation
because it gives programmers maximum control and efficiency. C is
an easy to learn it is a bit more cryptic in its style than some
other languages, but get beyond that fairly quickly.
FEATURES OF C LANGUAGE:
C is a case sensitive language
C is a collection of libraries
Libraries is a collection of Functions
Function is a collection of Statements
Statements is a collection of Collectors
C language can Support IDE Integrated Development Envorment
C language can support only Compiler Translators
A C file Must Be .cpp (C plus plus)
C Keywords
Keywords are the words whose meaning has already been explained
to the C compiler (or in a broad sense to the computer). The
keywords cannot be used as variable names because if we do so we
are trying to assign a new meaning to the keyword, which is not
allowed by the computer. Some C compilers allow you to construct
variable names that exactly resemble the keywords. However, it
would be safer not to mix up the variable names and the keywords.
The keywords are also called Reserved words.
IDE:
IDE abbreviate as Integrated development envorment. It is a
platform that we can type any c program, compile, execution and
display of results. IDE is a programming envorment that typically
consist of code editor, a compiler, a debug and graphical user
interface (GUI). The IDE is May stay alone application or may be
included as a part of computer program. IDE is and interface
between user and computer that perform simultaneously.
COMMON EXAMPLE: GW-Basic, Visual Basic, C Language etc
2Prepared By: Muzmil Memon | email: [email protected]:
Define Header Files?
HEADER FILES:
DEFINATION:
Header file is a collection of function that found in different
libraries. A header file is always define in the top of program and
found in include directory. The header files are always assigned
with sign of #. An every header file contains different functions
like library is containing of different mathematical functions.
Q: How Many Files to generate a compiler after the execution of
C Program?
C FILES:
There are four files to generate a compiler automatically 1.
.Cpp
2. .Bak
3. .Obj
4. .Exe
.CPP
The .Cpp is a source file that based on a c programming code
without this file we cannot maintain other files the extension of
.cpp is recognize as c plus plus code
.BAK
The backup file is automatically generated file that provide
backup of source code suppose the source file is deleted we can use
backup file as a source code but it necessary to rename the
extension of file as .cpp
.OBJ
The .obj is object oriented file that contain a machine code and
store errors, values, and result oriented machine code without the
object file the source program cannot entertain.
.EXE (Executable File)
The Executable file is run without any support of program
sometimes it called compiled file so the .exe file is a powerful
extension that execute computer programs and there is no need to
install any computer program
3Prepared By: Muzmil Memon | email: [email protected]: What
are Format Specifies?
FORMAT SPECIFERS
A format Specifers are used to convert the particular data. A
format specifer program very important rule because when we store
the data in the computer memory. These specifers can convert the
data and display the accurate result.
Format Specifers Are:
SPECIFERSCONVERSATION%cSingle Character%sString Data
type%dInteger data type%fFloat data type%lLong data type%flDouble
data type%xHexadecimal data type%oOctal Data type
4Prepared By: Muzmil Memon | email: [email protected]:
Define Gotoxy Statements?
Goto xy statements:
The goto xy statement is used to set the cursor on the screen
and display text on the particular column and row/line. There are
256 columns ( 0 to 255) and 25 rows (0 to 24). SYNTEX: goto xy
(C,R);
EXAMPLE:
Gotoxy(10,10); Printf( YASIR );
Q: Define Goto Statements?
GOTO STATEMENT:
The goto statement is a branching statement that we can move the
cursor in the particular line sometimes we can say its a
conditional statement.
SYNTEX: goto c;EXAMPLE:
Char a=B; c:
printf( HI); getche(); goto c;
If no return statement found in function definition, the control
automatically returns to the calling of function. If a return value
is not required, declare the function with the data type of void
otherwise to return the integer data type.
Q: Define Return Statements?
RETURN STATEMENT:
The calling of function. The return function is also used to
return the value of
The return statement is used to terminate the execution of
function and return to
calling of function.
SYNTEX: return expression
5Prepared By: Muzmil Memon | email: [email protected]
STATEMENT:
The break statement is used to terminate the nearest statement
or do, for , switch-case and while statement. The break statement
is also perform in loops it mean we can terminate in the mid of
loop.
SYNTEX: break;EXAMPLE:Int a;
Printf(1.Books Name); Printf( 2. Exit ); Switch(no){Case 1;
Printf( C language ); Break;Default:Break;Printf(Wrong
Entry);}
Q: Define Continue Statements?
CONTINUE STATEMENT:
The continue statement is used to pass the control of next
iteration of the nearest dowhile, and for and by pass the remaining
statements in the do, for, and while statement of the body.
SYNTEX: continue;
The Continue statement is always perform when we cross of the
body of the any loop and moves the cursor or pointer in the next
statement.
EXAMPLE:
void main (void)
{
clrscr(); int a;for(a=1;a
