Upload
deepak-sarangi
View
341
Download
7
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION TYPES OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION TYPES OF ORGAN DONOR MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS STATUS IN INDIA LUNG TRANSPLANTATION QUALIFYING CONDITIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS TRANSPLANT REQUIREMENTS TYPES OF LUNG TRANSPLANT POST OPERATIVE CARE MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION CONCLUSION REFERENCES
2
INTRODUCTION
Organ transplant is the moving of an organ from one body to another, for the purpose of replacing the recipient’s damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor site. Organ donors can be living or deceased.
3
HISTORY OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
The first human organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed in 1954. The recipient of the first heart transplant, performed in 1967 by Dr. Christiaan Barnard, lived only 18 days.
The recipient lived for eight years following the transplant and the surgeon who performed the transplant, Dr. Joseph Murray, went on to win the Nobel Prize for this work.
4
TYPES OF ORGAN DONOR
Persons after death.
Living persons to related patients.
Living persons to unrelated patients.
Brain death persons (cadaver transplant).
6
MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS
People of all ages.
Any healthy willing persons.
Only one exception is that HIV and active cancer patients cannot donate.
Donor blood group should match with recipient blood group.
7
STATUS IN INDIA
o In India around 6,000 people die every day waiting for organ transplant.
o Every 17 minutes someone waiting for transplant.
o Every 30 minutes someone added to a waiting list.
8
LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Lung transplantation or pulmonary transplantation is a Surgical procedure in which a patient’s diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a donor.
9
HISTORYJames Hardy of the University of Mississippi performed
the first human lung transplant on June 11, 1963. From 1963 to 1978, multiple attempts at lung transplant
failed because of rejection and problems with anastomotic bronchial healing .
The first successful transplant surgery involving the lungs was a heart-lung transplant, performed by Dr.Bruce Reitz of stanford University in 1981 on a woman who had idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
10
QUALIFYING CONDITIONS A variety of conditions may make such surgery necessary. As
of 2005, the most common reasons for Lung transplantation in
the United states were.27% Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD).16% Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.14% Cystic Fibrosis.12% Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.5% Alpha 1-antitrypsin Deficiency.2% Replacing previously transplanted lungs that have since
failed. 24% Other causes, including Bronchiectasis.
11
CONTRAINDICATIONSDespite the severity of a patient’s respiratory condition,
certain pre-existing conditions may make a person
a poor candidate for lung transplantation. Concurrent chronic illness. Current infections, including HIV and hepatitis. Current or recent cancer. Current use of alcohol, tobacco or illegal drugs. Age. Psychiatric conditions. History of noncompliance with medical instructions.
12
TRANSPLANT REQUIREMENTSRequirements for potential donor• Healthy• Size match• Age• Blood type
Requirements for potential recipient• End-stage lung disease.• No other chronic medical condition.• Acceptable psychological profile.• Financially able to pay for expenses.
13
Cont…….Medical tests for potential transplant candidatesBlood typingTissue typingChest X-ray-PA and LATPulmonary function testsCT scanBone mineral density scan Gated cardiac blood pool scanCardiac stress test Electrocardiogram
14
PROCEDUREWhile the surgical details will depend on the type of Transplant,
many steps are common to all these procedures. Before operating
on the recipient, the transplant surgeon inspects the lung(s) for
signs of damage or disease.
If the lung or lungs are approved, then the recipient is connected
to an IV line and various monitoring equipment, including pulse
oximetry. The patient will be given general anesthesia, and a
machine will breathe for him or her. A history of prior chest
surgery may complicate the procedure and require additional
time. 16
POST OPERATIVE CAREAfter the surgery immediately following care should be
give to the patient:The patient is placed in an intensive care unit for
monitoring normally for a period of a few days.The patient is put on a ventilator to assist breathing.Nutritional needs are generally met via total parenteral
nutrition and by nasogastric tube is sufficient for feeding.Chest tubes are put in so that excess fluids may be
removed.Because the patient is confined to bed, a urinary catheter
is used.
17
MISCELLANEOUS
Post-transplant patients are held from driving for the first three months pending an assessment of the patients capacity to drive .
Lack of a strong immune system leaves transplant recipients vulnerable to infections.
Care must be taken into food preparation and hygiene as gastroenteritis becomes more of a risk.
18
INFECTIONS AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Common symptoms of infection include:Fever, chills, sweats.Sore throat.Productive cough.Increased fatigue.Swelling, pain or redness around incision or drains.New drainage from the incisions.Headache.Shortness of breath.
19
HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM INFECTIONS AFTER LUNG TRANSPLANT
Preventing infection is mostly common sense. Protect yourself
by following these simple guidelines: Wash your hands with soap and water often to remove bacteria
and viruses.When you cough or sneeze, use tissues, dispose of them
immediately, and wash your hands. If someone you know has a cold or the flu, avoid close contact. Avoid stagnant water because it too harbors bacteria.
Wear a respiratory mask in crowded public areas and hospitals.
20
CONCLUSIONIn recent years, the science of organ transplantation has
gotten better. Unfortunately, there are not enough organ donations for everyone who is in need.
Organ donors are needed to save thousands of lives every year. agreeing to donate organs does not affect the quality of care a person receives. Transplantation processes start only after the donor is no longer living.
The decision to donate organs is yours. If you decide become an organ donor, put it in your advance health directives and make sure your family and health care agent know about your decision.
21
22
THANKS for viewing the ppt
For more ppts on pharma related topics plz contact
[email protected] Or find me at following link
www.facebook.com/sarangi.dipu