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To celebrate the Open Access Week 2012, MyScienceWork in partnership with UNESCO and UPMC organize for the first time in Paris, two events dedicated to Open Access. Discover here the presentation of Bart Van Tiggelen, CNRS-Grenoble, French physical society
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Open Access Gold of research work: A scien5fic view from a physicist.
October 25, 2012 Open Access week UNESCO
Bart van Tiggelen
• Research professor at CNRS-‐Grenoble (physics)
• Deputy Director at CNRS (theore;cal physics)
• President of Publica;on commi?ee of French Physical Society
Publica5on CommiLee of SFP: du5es
§ To advice SFP on all editorial ma?ers
§ Maintain link with EDP Sciences (SFP= principal stockholder)
§ Founding member of Europhysics Le?ers (EPL)
§ Founding member of European Physical Journal (EPJ= merger of many European physics journals)
• Foster interna;onal rela;ons
-‐ Worldwide: IUPAP (Interna;onal Union of Pure and Applied Physics) -‐ Europe: APP: Portal for Physics Publica;ons
àEuropean Physical Society (EPS), IOPP (UK), Springer, SFP/EDPS (F), SIF (I), DFG (D)): plaUorm of european physics publica;ons
≈ Annales de Physique
EDPS ≈ J. de Physique IV
Next year 15 years EPJ
h?p://openaccessgold.org
To make physicists appreciate Open Access (Gold)
one must consider all aspects of the scien:fic publica:on process
Scien5fic Publica5ons …. • ..are necessary to disseminate new scien;fic results
(« business card » for a researcher ).
• .. Guarantee a minimum level of scien;fic quality (thanks to well organized peer review)
• ..are cited (or not... ) by the peers. # cita;ons = scien;fic quality ? • ..make all the difference for the career of a scien;st
(promo;on, financial support,.. ) • Cost money , that should be financed by any research grant/budget
How much money is spent for scien;fic publica;ons ?
The scien5st wants…. • ..an easy access, large exposure, for a long ;me , of his publica;ons.
• ..a professional, efficient and rapid publica;on process
• ..an indexa;on in the databases used by evalua;on commi?ees (ISI).
• ..a direct involvement (of his scien;fic community) in the editorial policy.
• ..the right price to publish in and/or to have access to his favorite journals.
• .. « pres;ge » (= publica;on in a journal with high rejec;on rate). Vicious circle: pres;ge is rewarded by research organiza;ons who
struggle with excessive publica;on costs.
The tradi5onal model…. • Subscrip:on based model:
-‐ Access sold by publisher. -‐ Scien;fic organiza;ons subscribe to access. -‐ Publica;on is for free.
• Scien;fic editors set up a peer review system and deal with the paper and/or on-‐line version, and organize the sale.
• Several editors are completely integrated into learned socie:es, with large benefits.
• Authors transfer the copyright to the publisher.
• « Preprints » are deposited before publica;on by the authors at open-‐access repositories.
Why change? • Internet paper version à on-‐line, worldwide access in 4 clics;
journals have become service providers • The open archives : no quality check, no database link.
• Subscrip;on-‐based journals are not openly accessible. à Berlin declara;on à guidelines of European Commission.
• Rise of subscrip:on fees à more submissions (3.5 %/an),
à Journals aggressively sold in big « packages » -‐ Elsevier–Reed turnover of 5 billion € (2000 revues): -‐ The Cost of Knowledge (> 12000 signatures) -‐ The protest of Harvard (3,75 millions $ : +/+ 36 % from Elsevier). à more pres;ge = more expensive -‐ break the vicious circle: UCLA (40 millions $ budget) protests against NPG.
• Copyright should stay with authors
Open access (OA) is the prac:ce of providing unrestricted access via the Internet to peer-‐reviewed scholarly journal ar:cles. Crea:ve Commons licenses can be used to specify usage rights. Crea&ve Commons: Non-‐profit organiza;on . CC licenses allow creators (with copyright) to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators.
1. OA Green : Open Archives/ self-‐archiving. 2. OA Gold : author-‐pay, organisa;on-‐pay, sponsor-‐pay , consor;um-‐pay. 3. OA Hybrid (Open Choice): mixture , on request of author.
So then go Open Access?
Springer is a green publisher:
One publisher found when searched for: Publisher: EDP Sciences
EDP Science is a Green publisher
Some informa5on on Open Access (1)
à Most publishers launch the OA gold model while wai;ng for a public and poli;cal debate.
à 30 % of 25000 revues are published in OA (2009); 8 % OA gold 12 % OA green (2009)
à rise of OAG between 20 % and 30% per year à 25 % OA gold in 2020
Laakso M, et al., Plos One, 2011
Some informa5on on Open Access (2)
à Springer: 150,000 ar;cles per year, 20,000 13 % in OA gold . take-‐over Biomed Central ( > 230 journals OAG; 500 à 2000 €)
à Public Library of Science (PLoS): 7 journals OAG in medical science (FI = 14, among which 2 with rejec;on rate > 90 %)
à New Journal of Physics (IOPP/DFG: 950 €; FI= 4), Phys. Rev. X (APS) à Several journals EPJ (EDPS/SIF/Springer) such as Photovoltaics
àWellcome trust (UK) supports OAG with on average 1750 € per ar;cle (2011)
Rise of Open Access
SOURCE: THOMSON REUTERS/Y. GARGOURI
• Big Packages can no longer be imposed by publisher
• Transfer of copyright is replaced by the license Crea:ve Commons.
• EC and US libraries no longer suffer from the rise of publica;ons from BRIC.
• Consistency with Berlin Declara;on and EC policy: à at the same ;me the green archives take again their role of pre-‐print server and should not disappear!
• Avoids the hybrid model that gives scien;sts the impression to pay twice for the publica;on.
• Regulate the number of publica;ons per author
The pro’s of Open Access Gold
• In OAG: revenues are propor;onal to number of publica;ons, not number of readers Commercial interests may conflict with scien;fic quality.
à accept more low – quality papers , make more money Solu;on: OAG organism-‐ or consor;um-‐ payed model
à reject many papers and ask large OA fee (pres;ge problem becomes
bigger!) Solu;on : convince research organiza;ons , evalua;on commi?ees and funding agencies; Huge role for learned socie;es
• A rapid transi;on subscrip;on à OAG is difficult, expensive., irreversible. Will OAG be cheaper? In the long yes, says UK
• The wish to go OAG is not uniformly shared à pluri-‐disciplinary policy
difficult.
The cons of Open Access Gold
Björk et al. (2010). "Open Access to the Scien;fic Journal Literature: Situa;on 2009". PLoS ONE 5 (6):
Habits vary with discipline……
Nature 489,, 179 (13 September 2012)
Thursday 8 December 2011 Results of publicly funded research will be open access – science minister David WilleLs, the science minister, said the government wants to move to open access while protec;ng peer review. h?p://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/dec/08/publicly-‐funded-‐research-‐open-‐access
lundi 09 janvier 2012 L'UNESCO s'engage pour l'Open Access : impressionnant !
h?p://www.h2mw.eu/redac;onmedicale/2012/01/lunesco-‐sengage-‐pour-‐lopen-‐access.html
The Max Planck Society is bound by the principle of public access to the output of science. This is the spirit in which the Berlin Declara;on was wri?en. I have called upon Max Planck authors to make their findings available according to the Open Access principles and to be involved in the establishment of a globally accessible plaUorm of scien;fic knowledge.” Peter Gruss, President of the Max Planck Society
• Bri;sh government decides to go OAG, and a wellcome trust will provide financial support to authors.
• The transi;on will cost 50 M£ (62 M€).
• Bri;sh publishers produce 20% of the worldwide number of publica;ons (Bri;sh authors 5.7 %) .
à Bri;sh ini;a;ve will have a major impact
Advice of the Finch commi6ee on Bri&sh government (June 12, 2012) « (…) making peer-‐reviewed journals available for free at public libraries would foster innova&on, drive growth, and open up a new area of academic discovery »
Funding OAG IOPP
Financial support for OA publica;on fees is growing
– University of Calgary – University of O?awa – Goe�ngen University – Max-‐Planck Society – University of No�ngham – Columbia University – Cornell University – Harvard University – University of California, Berkeley – University of Florida – University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill – University of Wisconsin, Madison
Source: Dr. Nicola Gulley, IOPP editorial director
Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
Sponsoring Consor&um for Open Access Publishing in Par&cle Physics
Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
Principle of « fair-‐share »: contribu5on of a country au budget propor5onal to its implica5on
Will system survive? Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
20/09/2012, SCOAP3 Ar;cle Processing Charges announced
h?p://scoap3.org/news/news95.html
Conclusions 1. The subscrip;on-‐based model of scien;fic
publica;ons should be reconsidered in certain disciplines (for reasons of Internet, packages, restricted access, fees, copyright)
2. Open Access Gold – especially with organiza;on or consor;um as « payer » responds to many needs (free access, copyright, emergence of BRIC countries, evalua;on purposes) .
3. The implica;on of learned socie;es in the publica;on process is essen;al.
4. Le débat public a été lancé dans d’autres pays. La France? Prise de posi:on avec vision souhaitée (recommanda:on COMETS/CNRS).