PowerPoint Sunusu
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Eitimcinin Deprem Eitimi
Prof. Dr. Ali Osman NCEL 1992 Jeofizik Yksek Lisans 1996 Yer
Fizii Doktoru 1998 Post-Doctorate Fellow Geological Survey of Japan
2000 Sismoloji Doenti 2001 Post-Doctorate Fellow Geological Survey
of Canada 2003 Post-Doctorate Fellow Geological Survey of Japan
2004 Assistant Professor KFUPM-Saudi Arabia 2008 Research Associate
Alberta University - Canada 2010 Sismoloji Profesr 2011 Kurucu Blm
Bakan 2012 TMMOB JFMO ube Bk. 2015 MMG Genel Bk. Yard. 2015 TOP
2000 Bilim nsanYer: stanbul Yedikule Anadolu Lisesi
2 Eyll 2016Saat: 11.00 13.00
.
MEB stanbul Avclar lesi Eitimcinin Deprem Eitimi 27 Mays 2016MEB
Kayseri Develi lesi Eitimcinin Deprem Eitimi 17 Haziran 2016
1
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
2
Deprem Riskinin Azaltlmas 3 nemli Faktr Aklaynz?
KISA DEERLENDRME NOTU200 KELMEY GEMEYECEK12.15 12.30ETMCLERN
DEPREM ETM KAPSAMINDA DEPREM RSKNN AZALTILMASI N DKKATE ALINMASI
GEREKEN FAKTRLERDEN EN NEML GRDNZ 3 FAKTR ESAS ALARAK DEPREM RSKNN
AZALTILMASI HUSUSUNDA VERLEN ETMN SZE KATTIKLARI VE DKKATE ALINMASI
DURUMUNDA LKEMZDE MEYDANA GELECEK BR DEPREMN ZARARLARININ
AZALTILMASI KATACAKLARI HUSUSUNDA DEERLENDRME NOTU YAZINIZ.
3
Rezonans Tehlikesi Var m? Sormam Gereken Sorular
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
Etki yapan sistemin frekans ile etkilenen sistemin doal
frekanslarnn birbirine yakn veya eit olmas durumunda genliklerin
artmas durumu.
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 4
Rezonans Tehlikesi Var m? Sormam Gereken Sorular
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
Etki yapan sistemin frekans ile etkilenen sistemin doal
frekanslarnn birbirine yakn veya eit olmas durumunda genliklerin
artmas durumu.
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 5
Rezonans Tehlikesi Var m? Sormam Gereken Sorular
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
Etki yapan sistemin frekans ile etkilenen sistemin doal
frekanslarnn birbirine yakn veya eit olmas durumunda genliklerin
artmas durumu.
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 6
Rezonans Tehlikesi Var m? Sormam Gereken Sorular
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
Marmara Denizi iinde deprem retme potansiyeli olan deprem
kaynaklarnn neden olaca Yksek ve Alak Yaplarla likili Rezonans
Riski.
Yksek Frekansl iddet Potansiyeli
T= 1.0 saniyeYksek Katl
Dk Frekansl iddet Potansiyeli
T= 0.2 saniyeAlak Katl YapKalkan ve ark., 2009.,
http://usgsprojects.org/erol/marmara/tr.html
Low frequency shaking potential: Earthquake shaking at 1.0
second period affects tall, rela- tively flexible buildings and
cor- relates well with overall earth- quake damage.
High frequency shaking potential: Earth- quake shaking at 0.2
second period affects short, stiff structures and is also used in
estimat- ing future earthquake damage. Local soil con- ditions have
less effect on high frequency shak- ing.
7
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
8
Kaya Nitelikli Zeminde Mi?Sormam Gereken Sorular
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?
Yerin yapsal zelliklerinin KAYA (1) ve ZAYIF (2,3) olmasna bal
ortaya kan ykm veya iddetin bykl ilikilidir.
https://www.facebook.com/oncelacademy/videos/858006164271803/
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 9
Kaya Nitelikli Zeminde Mi?Sormam Gereken Sorular
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?
EUROCODE 8 Koduna Gre Yer ve Zemin Snflamas Jeofizik Mhendisleri
Tarafndan lm Yaplan VS30 (m/s) byklne dayanr.
www.slideshare.net/oncel/vs30-measurements-for-seismic-site-classification
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 10
Kaya Nitelikli Zeminde Mi?Sormam Gereken Sorular
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?
VS30> 760 m/s eit ve daha byk Jeofizik Sismik Hz byklklerinin
llm olduu alanlar Kaya Niteliinde Salam Zemin olarak tarif
edilir.
Kalkan ve ark., 2009.,
http://usgsprojects.org/erol/marmara/tr.html
Sismik Yzey Dalga HzVS30 (m/s) 30 metre
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 11
Kaya Nitelikli Zeminde Mi?Sormam Gereken Sorular
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?
Jeofizik Kayma Dalgas Kayalarn Direncinin Belirlenmesinde
Kullanlr. Bunun iin 30 metre yerin altna kadar inecek jeofizik lme
ihtiya vardr.
BB - Deprem Risk Ynetimi ve Kentsel yiletirme Daire Bakanl
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 12
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
13
Heyelan/Kayma Riski Var M?Sormam Gereken Sorular
HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?
Kaya, toprak veya arazi paralarnn, yer ekimi veya depremler, ar
yalar gibi d etkenlerin etkisi ile fark edilebilir dzeyde eim aa
doru kaymas.BB - Deprem Risk Ynetimi ve Kentsel yiletirme Daire
Bakanl
Yksek Tehlike Orta Derece Tehlike Dk Tehlike
Building Resonance: The resonant frequency of different seismic
wavesWhy do some buildings fall in earthquakes?
All buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the
number of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate
back and forth. The ground also has a specific resonant frequency.
Hard bedrock has higher frequencies softer sediments. If the period
of ground motion matches the natural resonance of a building, it
will undergo the largest oscillations possible and suffer the
greatest damage. A classroom demonstration follows the animated
portion of this video clip.
Keypoints:
What are the key features addressed in this animation?
Frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves that pass
through a point in one secondPeriod is the amount of time it takes
one wave cycle to pass the given pointResonance is the tendency of
a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies
than at othersResonant frequency of any given system is the
frequency at which the maximum-amplitude oscillation occurs. All
buildings have a natural, period, or resonance, which is the number
of seconds it takes for the building to naturally vibrate back and
forth. 14
Heyelan/Kayma Riski Var M?Sormam Gereken Sorular
HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?
Kaya, toprak veya arazi paralarnn, yer ekimi veya depremler, ar
yalar gibi d etkenlerin etkisi ile fark edilebilir dzeyde eim aa
doru kaymas.BB - Deprem Risk Ynetimi ve Kentsel yiletirme Daire
Bakanl
Depremde gvenlik faktr ile yaplan deerlendirme, mevcut gvenlik
faktrnn varsaymna vePGAnn azaltlmasna dayanan deerlendirme ile
ilikilidir.Proje alanndaki heyelanlarn, anlalr heyelan morfolojisi
ve anlalr olmayan morfolojisi olanlarbulunmaktadr. Anlalr
morfolojisi olan heyelanlarn, her byk depremde hareket etmi olma
olasl vardrve anlalr olmayan morfolojili heyelanlar 1,000 yldan
fazla sredir hareket etmemilerdir.Bu sebeple, anlalr heyelan
morfolojisi olan heyelanlar ile ayn gvenlik faktrne sahip olan bir
heyelanngelecekteki bir byk depremde hareket etmesi beklenmektedir.
Dier yandan, anlalr olmayan morfolojiyesahip heyelanlar ile ayn
gvenlik faktrne sahip olan bir heyelann, gelecekteki bir byk
depremde hareketetmesi beklenmemektedir.ek. 8.3.2.1 heyelan
morfolojisinin gelime bykl ve depremde gvenlik faktr ilikisini
gstermektedir.Bu ilikiye gre, anlalr morfolojiye sahip heyelanlarn
gvenlik faktr 1,0den azdr. Gvenlik faktrnn2.0den fazla olduu
durumda, heyelan tehlikesi riski greceli olarak dk olacaktr.15
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
16
Svlama Riski Byk m?Sormam Gereken Sorular
SIVILAMA/KME RSK BYK M?
Suya doymu gevek zeminlerin, depremlere bal oluan yer hareketi
ivmesini bytme etkisiyle zeminin tama gcn kaybederek sv gibi
davranmasdr.BB - Deprem Risk Ynetimi ve Kentsel yiletirme Daire
Bakanl
Japonya Depremi, Nigata 1964
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_liquefactionhttps://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/geotech/saswposter/fig5.html
http://photos.syracuse.com/post-standard/2015/06/japan_earthquake_niigata_1964.html17
Svlama Riski Byk m?Sormam Gereken Sorular
SIVILAMA/KME RSK BYK M?
Suya doymu gevek zeminlerin, depremlere bal oluan yer hareketi
ivmesini bytme etkisiyle zeminin tama gcn kaybederek sv gibi
davranmasdr.BB - Deprem Risk Ynetimi ve Kentsel yiletirme Daire
Bakanl
Yksek Tehlike Orta Derece Tehlike Dk Tehlike
Suya doymu ince taneli kumlu ve siltli gevek zeminlerin,
depremler nedeniyle oluan kuvvetli yer hareketi etkisiyle tama gcn
kaybederek sv gibi davranmas olay. Svlam blgelerdeki yaplar zemin
ierisine gmlmekte, yan yatmakta veya devrilmektedir. Tayc sistem ve
styap hasar grmese dahi genelde bu yaplar kullanlmaz hle
gelir.18
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
19
Sismik zolatrl Temeli Var m?Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?
Bina temeli ve yer arasnda deprem dalgasnn gcn snmleyecek
izolatr yaplaryla depremin ykm gc azaltlr. Dikilita en eski
izolatrl
sistemdir.http://www.did.org.tr/eng/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/DID-Gorsel-EN.jpg
Suya doymu ince taneli kumlu ve siltli gevek zeminlerin,
depremler nedeniyle oluan kuvvetli yer hareketi etkisiyle tama gcn
kaybederek sv gibi davranmas olay. Svlam blgelerdeki yaplar zemin
ierisine gmlmekte, yan yatmakta veya devrilmektedir. Tayc sistem ve
styap hasar grmese dahi genelde bu yaplar kullanlmaz hle
gelir.20
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
21
Krlm Fayl Yap zerinde Mi?Sormam Gereken Sorular
KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?
Eski veya aktif deprem kr aratrmasnn Jeofizik Sismik Yansma
Tomografisi ile aratrlmas gerekir. Yoksa imara izin verilmesi
gerekir.http://yerbilimleri.mta.gov.tr/anasayfa.aspx
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Nojima_fault_top_view.jpg22
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
23
Deprem Fayndan Olduka Uzak m?Sormam Gereken Sorular
DEPREM FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?
Deprem iddeti genellikle depremi oluturan krk/fay sisteminden
uzaklkla azalr. Buna ramen iddetin aralnda deiimde zemin
etkilidir.http://www.slideshare.net/nairamode/earthquake-and-its-hazards
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Nojima_fault_top_view.jpg24
Deprem Riski Dk Bir Okul Sormam Gereken Sorular
SSMK ZOLATRL TEMEL VAR MI?KIRILMI/FAYLI YAPI ZERNDE M?DEPREM
FAYINDAN OLDUKA UZAK MI?YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
REZONANS TEHLKES VAR MI?
KAYA NTELKL ZEMNDE M?HEYELAN/KAYMA RSK VAR MI?SIVILAMA/KME RSK
BYK M?
25
Yapda Tokuma Riski Var m?Sormam Gereken Sorular
YAPIDA TOKUMA RSK VAR MI?
Deprem iddeti genellikle depremi oluturan krk/fay sisteminden
uzaklkla azalr. Buna ramen iddetin aralnda deiimde zemin
etkilidir.http://www.concretecoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/pounding.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Nojima_fault_top_view.jpg26
Deprem Riskinin Azaltlmas 3 nemli Faktr Aklaynz?
KISA DEERLENDRME NOTU200 KELMEY GEMEYECEK12.15 12.30ETMCLERN
DEPREM ETM KAPSAMINDA DEPREM RSKNN AZALTILMASI N DKKATE ALINMASI
GEREKEN FAKTRLERDEN EN NEML GRDNZ 3 FAKTR ESAS ALARAK DEPREM RSKNN
AZALTILMASI HUSUSUNDA VERLEN ETMN SZE KATTIKLARI VE DKKATE ALINMASI
DURUMUNDA LKEMZDE MEYDANA GELECEK BR DEPREMN ZARARLARININ
AZALTILMASI KATACAKLARI HUSUSUNDA DEERLENDRME NOTU YAZINIZ.
27
