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Implementing and Evaluating
ImpleImpleImplementingmentingmenting
Doing and documenting the activities that are the specific nursing actions needed to carry out interventions
Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights ReservedKozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth EditionAudrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen
Figure 14–1 Implementing—the fourth phase of the nursing process. In this phase the nurse implements the nursing interventions and documents the care provided.
Implementing Skills
1- Cognitive (intellectual) skills Problem solving Decision making Critical thinking Creativity
2- Interpersonal skills Verbal and nonverbal Effectiveness communicate. Therapeutic communication necessary for
caring, comforting, advocating, referring, counseling, and supporting
conveying knowledge, attitudes, feelings, interest
Appreciation of the client's cultural values and lifestyle
3- Technical skills Purposeful "hands-on" skills called tasks, procedures, or
psychomotor skills Psychomotor• Physical actions that are controlled by
the mind, not by reflexes Require knowledge and manual
dexterity (براعه
Process of Implementing
1. Reassessing the client2. Determining nurse's need for
assistance3. Implementing nursing interventions4. Supervising delegated care5. Documenting nursing activities
Reassessing the client
Reassess to make sure the intervention is still needed
Client's condition may have changed
Determining the nurse's need for assistance
Inability to implement the nursing activity safely
Assistance will reduce stress on the client.
Nurse lacks knowledge or skills to implement a particular nursing activity
Implementing the nursing interventions
Base actions on scientific knowledge Clearly understand interventions Adapt activities to individual client Implement safe care Provide teaching, support, and comfort Be holistic Respect the dignity of the client and
enhance self-esteem Encourage active client participation
Supervising delegated care
Nurse still responsible for client's overall care
Must validate and respond to any adverse findings or client responses
Documenting nursing activities
Record nursing interventions and client responses
Do not record in advance
Evaluating
• Judgment and appraisal• Planned, ongoing, purposeful activity• Determines client's progress,
effectiveness of care plan• Continuous process• Demonstrates nursing responsibility
and accountability for their actions
Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2008Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights ReservedKozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, Tenth EditionAudrey Berman | Shirlee Snyder | Geralyn Frandsen
Figure 14–3 Evaluating—the final phase of the nursing process. In this phase the nurse determines the client's progress toward goal achievement and the effectiveness of the nursing care plan. The plan may be continued, modified, or terminated.
Relationship of Evaluating to Other Nursing Process Phases
• Depends on effectiveness of preceding steps
• Assessment data must be accurate and complete.
• Desired outcome must be stated concretely in behavioral terms to be useful for evaluating.
• Without implementation/interventions, there would be nothing to evaluate.
• Evaluating and assessing overlap.
Process of Evaluating Client Responses
1-Collecting data Some may require interpretation
2-Comparing data with desired outcomes Conclusions• Goal was met• Goal was partially met.• Goal was not met.
3- Relating nursing activities to outcomes Determine whether nursing activities
had any relation to the outcome without assuming that the activity was the cause or only factor of meeting a goal
4- Drawing conclusions about problem status Actual problem has been resolved or potential
problem's risk factors no longer exist Potential problem is being prevented but risk
factors still exists Actual problem still exists even though some
goals are being met When goals partially met or not met:• Care plan may need to be revised• Client needs more time to achieve previously
established goals
5 -Continuing, modifying, or terminating the care plan
Critique each phase of the nursing process
Assessing• Incomplete or inaccurate databases
influence all subsequent steps. Diagnosing• If incomplete, add new diagnosis
statements• If complete, analyze whether nursing
diagnoses relevant
Planning: desired outcomes• If inaccurate, goals/outcomes need
revision• If accurate, goals/outcomes realistic and
obtainable• Have priorities changed?• Does client still agree with priorities?
Planning: nursing interventions• Relate to goal achievement • Investigate whether best nursing
interventions were selected Implementing• After modifications, begin nursing
process again