NSDI_ Concepts and Components

National Spatial Data Infrastructure.

Concepts and Components

Jayantha SamarasingheSurvey Department of Sri Lanka

Outline…..• What is NSDI ?• Partnership Via NSDIs ( Problem identification)• Who needs to access Geographic Information?• Strategies to Create NSDI • NSDI Components• Global SDI• NSDI & GIS in Emergency Management• Summary

What is a National Spatial Data Infrastructure?

“The technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.”

Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): “Co-ordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure” W.

Clinton.

Partnerships via NSDI

The problem:

• Too much data duplication = waste• Not enough data duplication = respond to emergencies• Ad hoc data sharing.• Data often tailored to one application.• Detail at local level but not accessible to Regional or National

Level.• Indexes/ Metadata.• No general protocols for any of this until NSDI…

Who needs access to Coordinated Geographic Information?

• Land Records Adjudication• Disaster Response• Transportation Management• Water, gas & electric planning• Public Protection• Defense• Natural Resource Management• Telecommunications Infrastructure • Economic Development• Civic Entrepreneurs• Forest Management etc..

So Why build NSDI?

• Build data once and use it many times for many applications.

• Integrate distributed providers of data.

• “Place-based management”.• Share costs of data creation and

maintenance.• Support sustainable economic, social, and environmental development.

Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY I: Conceptual steps

• Explain GIS benefits to the Nation and other communities.

• Include GIS in the curriculum of Universities and other academia.

• Organize seminars and symposiums where new developments in GIS are addressed.

• Exchange GIS technology and ideas through instructional Web sites and online forums.

• Form leading committee at the federal level to start this initiative.

• Involve Central and local governments in the development and implementation of this initiative.

• Utilize the expertise of academia, the private sector, professional societies, and others.

• Physically develop, implement NSDI and its components.

Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY II: Logical and physical steps

NSDI COMPONENTS

STANDARDS

SPATIAL DATAFRAMEWORK

METADATA

CLEARINGHOUSE

PARTNERSHIPS & ORGANIZATIONS

WEB PORTAL

GIS DATA SERVERS

Technology Policies People

These elements are linked in a very These elements are linked in a very explicit way to assure the function of explicit way to assure the function of

the enterprise.the enterprise.

NSDI COMPONENTS…….

The data provide a core...

Spatial DataSpatial Data

Categories of Geospatial Data

• Community-developed data sets usually derived for a single purpose but made available for potential re-use

• Data sets developed to a common content specification for high re-use potential. These are known as “Framework” data.

Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework

What Framework provide…..

A foundation to which spatial information and attributes can be added.

A base on which other themes of data can be compiled.

Framework Provides…..

FederalState

LocalPrivate

Utilities1.Hydrology:Lakes, River, Streams, Channels

2.Cadastral: Parcel, Land use, Zoning

3.Transportation: Roads, rails,

4.Elevation: Contour lines, spot elevation

5.Administrative Boundaries: Town ,County, State lines

6.Geodetic Control Points: Reference points

7.Orthoimagery: Referenced orhtophotos and aerials

Framework Data


MetadataMetadata

Describing Your Data...

• Provides documentation of existing internal geospatial data resources within an organization. (inventory)

• Permits structured search and comparison of held spatial data by others. (advertising).

• Provides end-users with adequate information to take the data and use it in an appropriate context. (liability)

The Use of Metadata


MetadataMetadata

Making data discoverable...

Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)

• Discovery of spatial data.

• Distributed search worldwide.

• Uniform interface for spatial data searches.

• Advertising for available Data.ur data holdings

Clearinghouse (Search service)Provides..

Clearinghouse operates as...

• Entry point to constellation of servers.

• Collection of distributed servers, using a common protocol

• (e.g., Z39.50)

• used for searching and retrieving full-text documents, bibliographic data, images and multimedia in a distributed network environment.

• The FGDC has developed a Z39.50 application profile for geospatial metadata, called GEO.

• Z39.50/GEO identifies a set of base standards, and parameters necessary to accomplish identified functions.

WHAT IS Z39.50 SEARCH PROTOCOL


MetadataMetadata


StandardsStandards

Consistent approaches...

Who builds standards?

• ISO – International Standards Organization

• FGDC Standards working group (Federal Geographic Data Committee )

• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

• Concerned organizations

• Producers and users of geospatial data

Types of standards• Data content

Common classifications Common collection criteria Data models, data structures (formats), query languages.

• Data management Metadata Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)

• Data transfer protocols (e.g., WMS)

Partnerships hold it all Partnerships hold it all togethertogether

Partnerships


MetadataMetadata


StandardsStandards

Lots of people involved…• Federal government (many agencies)• Central government• Local government• Private sector – contractors, value-adders,

exploiters• Non profit organizations• Citizenry• Others…• No one is in charge…

and is a model for development of a Common Spatial Data Infrastructure

The NSDI is built through the actions The NSDI is built through the actions of thousandsof thousands

of participantsof participants

A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure?

• Difficult enough to get national players to work together…

• Is GSDI a process, a general framework or a product?

• Who are the stakeholders?

• Who needs it? (military doing what they need themselves?)

International Coastal Atlas Network

www.gsdi.org

NSDI & GIS Approach in Emergency Management• Because of its visual and spatial functionality, GIS

technology provides better and faster statistical analyses for decision makers (emergency managers)

• HOW big is the hazard area and people live in.

• WHAT are the best roads the hospitals outside of the hazard zone?

• WHERE are the areas and the buildings with the most damage?

• WHICH roads are damaged or blocked by debris?

Web Browser (Thin Client)

@ users

GIS Software (Thick Client)

@ portalhost site

Web Portal

WMS WCSWFS

Geospatial Web Services

GazetteerPlace

Names &Attributes

CatalogData & Service

Metadata

Clients

Maps Features CoveragesLegend:

@ providerorganizations

Framework Data

WEB PORTAL ARCHITECTURE

SUMMARYSUMMARY With NSDI,

• Implement Social, economic and critical decisions and Country will understand the necessary steps to create, access and share spatial data.

• User community aware of the importance of spatial data.• Eliminate the duplication of spatial data.• Reduced the cost and time.• Data accessible from a central portal and will make information

readily accessible.• Countries can become an integral partner in the world‘s GIS

community.

My most sincere gratitude goes to:

ITCThe Netherlands

NufficThe Netherlands

University of K.N.ToosiTehran, Iran

Survey DepartmentSri Lanka

Govt. of The Netherlands Govt. Of IranGovt. of Sri Lanka

Thank you for your attention!

Education

NSDI_ Concepts and Components