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Not Just Gifted on Thursdays: Increasing
Differentiation through Collaborative Co-
Teaching
Presentation for the 2015 NAGC Conference
Dr. Liz Fogarty
lizfogarty.weebly.com
2
To DO List :
• Defining: Co-Teaching
• Justification for Co-Teaching
• Integrating the 7 Strategies
• Importance of Co-planning
A Working Relationship
Teacher of the Gifted Regular Ed Teacher
Text LIZFOGARTY751 to 37607 once to join, then text your message
What is Co-Teaching?
Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working together with groups of students. They share responsibility for planning, delivery, and assessment of instruction, as well as the organization of the physical space.
Building better relationships
Communication/Collaboration
Co-Teaching/Co-Planning
Use expertise of clinical teacher
Best way to meet student needs
Active vs. Passive
Attitude
At the Heart of Co-Teaching…
A Short Video on Co-Teaching
YouTube Video Created by: Paulina Genovese, Graduate Student
East Carolina University http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qq5vMsA2_Kw
Co-Teaching is Sharing Responsibility
Students
Co-Teaching Strategies
One Teach, One Observe
One Teach, One Assist
Station Teaching
Parallel Teaching
Supplemental Teaching
Alternative or Differentiated
Teaching
Team Teaching
Short History of Co-Teaching
PL94-142 (Now IDEA) – Least Restrictive Environment
SPED and General ED teacher needed to work together
1995 – Cook and Friend – models of co-teaching
Kansas State (1999)
Virginia Consortium (2002)
St. Cloud State University (2003 – 2010)
East Carolina University (2011 – 2015)
Benefits to K-12 StudentsFocus Groups (N=546)
Increased student engaged time
Able to work in smaller groups
Receive more individual attention
Get questions answered faster
Get papers and grades back faster
Students behave better
Fewer class disruptions (for passing out papers, having projects checked, other housekeeping tasks)
Copyright 2011, St. Cloud State University,Research Funded by a US Department of Education, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grant
Working with New Teachers
or Being New Yourself
Three developmental levels of teacher concerns:
1. Survival
2. Task
3. Impact
Frances Fuller (1969)
Survival StageThe New Teacher
Focus on Self
Asking questions like…
• How am I doing?
• Will the students like me?
• Can I handle discipline
problems?
• Will I make it?
• Do others approve of my
performance?
New Teacher Concerns…
Concerns with Survival
include…
• classroom management
• mastery of content
• supervisor evaluations
• demands and limitations
of teaching
• learning to transfer their
own learning to a
classroom teaching
situation
• not knowing how to
respond to students’ needs
Stress level is high
Survival Stage
Task StageThe New Teacher
Focus on performance
Asking questions like…
• Am I prepared for the
lesson?
• Have I chosen the right
strategy?
• Is there a better way?
• Will I get finished?
• Will I have time left over?
• How can I improve this?
Coaching
Example questions to ask …
• What did you notice about
how the students
responded to the lesson?
• What do the students need
to know next?
• What assessment method
will you use to determine
the effectiveness of the
lesson?
The Clinical Teacher
Coaching Strategies
• Assist by organizing
materials and providing
planning ideas
• Ask questions to help the
intern move to the next
stage
•Provide time management
suggestions
Keep encouraging them
Task Stage
Impact Stage
The New Teacher
Change in focus…
As confidence in teaching
grows, the intern moves
from a strong focus on
themselves and their
teaching to a focus on
instructional decisions
and student learning.
The Clinical Teacher
Coaching Strategies
• Use reflective questioning
• Peer dialogue
The New Tacher
Asking questions like…
• Are students learning?
• Are the students bored?
• Are the students
motivated?
• Am I reaching everyone?
• Is the content
appropriate for the
students?
• How can I raise
achievement levels?
Impact Stage
1-6 Reading Gains
• Woodcock Johnson III – Research Edition• Individually administered• Pre/Post test• Statistically significant gains in all four years
Woodcock Johnson III Research Edition
W Score GainsCo-Taught
Not Co-Taught
p
2004-200515.7
N=2219.9
N=99.001
2005-200624.4
N=22518.7
N=124.024
2006-200714.8
N=32211.8
N=172.010
2007-200819.6
N=24514.8
N=182.001
Copyright 2011, St. Cloud State University,Research Funded by a US Department of Education, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grant
Copyright 2011, St. Cloud State University,Research Funded by a US Department of Education, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grant
Woodcock Johnson III – Research Edition
Individually administered, pre/post test
Statistically significant gains in 2 of 4 years; positive trend in
each year
1-6 Math Gains
Woodcock Johnson III Research Edition
W Score GainsCo-Taught
Not Co-Taught p
2004-200517.2
N=22113.9N=99
.039
2005-200620.3
N=20617.4
N=143.075
2006-200714.3
N=31312.1
N=182.045
2007-200817.9
N=25016.0
N=177.089
Co-Teaching is an attitude of sharing
the classroom and the students!
Co-Teachers must always be thinking…
WE’RE
BOTH
TEACHING!!
Implementing Co-Teaching
One Teach,
One Assist
Team Teaching
Station Teaching
Parallel Teaching
One Teach, One Observe
One teacher has primary instructional responsibility while the other gathers specific observational information on students or the (instructing) teacher.
One Teach, One Observe
Examples Non-examples
One teaches, one observes students for understanding of directions.
One teaches, one tracks behavior of specific student.
One teaches, one watches the lesson.
One teaches, one cuts out pictures for the bulletin board.
Advantages
Provides observation or data collection
Provides additional disciplinarian when needed
One Teach, One Assist
One teacher has primary instructional responsibility while the other assists students’ with their work, monitors behaviors, or corrects assignments.
One Teach, One Assist
Examples Non-examples
One teaches, one becomes the “voice” for students who are having difficulty understanding.
One teaches, one driftsamong students checking student work.
One teaches, one puts up the bulletin board while watching the lesson and students.
One teaches, one pulls two students to the side for remedial work.
Advantages
Provides assistance to students needing additional information or clarification
Provides feedback to students on their work
Provides additional disciplinarian when needed
Station Teaching
Each teacher instructs one of the groups, groups then rotate or spend a designated amount of time at each station.
The co-teaching pair divide the instructional content into parts.
Station Teaching
Examples Non-examples
One station allows students to play a money math game, another is a mock store where students purchase items and make change.
Both teachers are teaching the same concept/skill in the same way with two small groups.
One teacher works with class, another tutors two students.
Advantages
Provides active learning format
Increases response rate
Encourages cooperation and independence
Increases small-group attention
Allows strategic grouping
Parallel Teaching
In this approach, each teacher instructs half the students.
The two teachers are addressing the same instructional material using the same teaching strategies.
Parallel Teaching
Examples Non-examples
Students are divided into mixed ability groups, both teachers lead a question/answer discussion on a specific current event and the impact it has on the economy.
Students are divided into two groups, teaching responsibilities and tasks are divided between two teachers.
Students are divided byability, both teachers teach a concept or skill using different teaching strategies.
Advantages
Provides effective review format
Encourages student responses
Reduces pupil-teacher ratio for group instruction/review
Supplemental Teaching
This strategy allows one teacher to work with students at their expected grade level, while the other teacher works with those students who need the information and/or materials extended or remediated.
Supplemental Teaching
Examples Non-examples
One works with most of the students on proofreading their stories, the other pulls five students for a remedial lesson on punctuation.
One teaches a lesson on the Sit-Ins, the other pulls a group of three to help research on the computer the men involved in the Greensboro Sit-In and then report to the whole class.
One teaches a small group a remedial lesson on fractions,while the other brings the rest of the class outside for recess.
One’s person’s ideas prevail regarding what will be taught and how it will be taught.
Advantages
Provides additional support for struggling students
Facilitates enrichment opportunities
Offers absent students “catch up” time
Offers time to develop missing skills
Keeps individuals and the class on pace
Alternative or Differentiated Teaching
Alternative teaching strategies provide two different approaches to teaching the same information.
The learning outcome is the same for all students however the avenue for getting there is different.
Alternative or Differentiated Teaching
Examples Non-examples
One leads a group in predicting prior to reading by doing a picture walk, the other has the same outcome with her group, where students predict by connecting items pulled from a bag with the story.
One teaches fractions by dividing chocolate bars, the other has students using M&Ms to calculate their fractions.
Both teachers use the same strategy with two groups of students
Advantages
Offers more individualized learning
Different learning styles can be considered in planning of activities
Provides possibility for more hands-on activities
Team Teaching
Well planned, team taught lessons, exhibit an invisible flow of instruction with no prescribed division of authority.
Both teachers are actively involved in the lesson.
From a student’s perspective, there is no clearly defined leader, as both teachers share the instruction, are free to interject information, and available to assist students and answer questions.
Team Teaching
Examples Non-examples
Both teachers share the reading of a story or poem so students hear two voices.
Both teachers conduct a demonstration in science, modeling proper use of materials and how to follow directions.
Both teachers facilitate a review game where one reads all of the questions and the other monitors student behavior.
One teacher teaches one subject followed by another who teaches a different subject.
Advantages
Promotes role and content sharing
Facilitates appropriate academic, social, and help-seeking behaviors
Teaches question asking
Provides clarification (concepts, rules, vocabulary, etc.)
Physical Arrangements for Co-Teaching
Co-PlanningDuring Co-Planning Teachers will Work Together to Determine:
• What content to teach
• What co-teaching strategies to use and when
• Who will lead different parts of the lesson
• How to assess student learning
• The materials and resources needed for the lesson
WHY CO-TEACHING?
Co-teaching provides an excellent experience for both teachers and p-12 students.
Clinical Teachers
• Time to provide consistent mentoring of interns
• Host interns without giving up their classroom
• Able to reach more students through small group work
• Better relationship with their intern
Students
• Enhanced quality of learning for P-12 students
• Receive more individual attention through work in smaller groups
• Get questions answered faster and work back sooner
• Better behavior/fewer disruptions
Creating an Environment
for Co-Teaching
Sharing Planning
The Gifted Teacher and Regular Teacher
will share:
What content to teach
What co-teaching strategies to use
Who will lead different parts of the lesson
How to assess student learning
Materials and resources
Sharing InstructionWhile Co-Teaching, the Regular Ed Teacher
and the Gifted Teacher will:
Share leadership in the classroom
Work with all students
Use a variety of co-teaching strategies
Be seen as equal partners
Manage the classroom together
Make changes as needed during a lesson
Sharing AssessmentWhile Co-Assessing, the Intern, and Clinical
Teacher will:
Both participate in the assessment of students
Share the workload of daily grading
Provide formative and summative assessment for
students
Jointly determine grades