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Friends of Bolin Creek Water Symposium Feb. 2012An adjunct to CH2020
Citation preview
Nora DeamerDWQ
http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/bpu
What is Degrading our Urban Piedmont Streams?
DWQ Water Quality Assessment
17 Major River Basins in NC
DWQ Water Quality AssessmentEvery two years – determine how well our
water bodies supports their designated uses.
Designated uses are bases on stream classificationsClass C – Protection and propagation of aquatic
life; Fish consumption; Secondary Recreation
Class B – Recreation (Swimming)Class WS – Water SupplyOthers (Tr, ORW, HQW, SA)
DWQ Water Quality AssessmentUse Support Ratings
Supporting – No criteria exceededImpaired – Criteria exceededNot Rated – Inconclusive
information/data No Data – No assessment made
Produce an Integrated Report (303(d)/305(b)) (The NC 2012 303(d) impaired waters list is
currently out for public comment. NC is required to submit the 2012 list to the US EPA by April 1st)
Impacts of UrbanizationDecreased Vegetative cover Riparian buffer zones Soil infiltration Water Quality Aquatic Habitat Groundwater base flow
rates Drought stream flow
rates
Increased Impervious surface Runoff volume Runoff velocity Stream bank erosion Stream
channelization Soil disturbance Soil compaction
http://www.connectedwater.gov.au/processes/controlling.html
Water Quality Impacts of Urbanization
Increased Stream bank erosion Sedimentation\Turbidity Water temperatures Conductivity Pollutant Concentrations
(nutrients, pesticides, oils, metals)
Bacterial loading (animal and human waste)
Algal/Periphytic growth Water supply treatment
cost
Decreased Aquatic habitat Aquatic
biodiversity Aquatic health &
reproduction Dissolved Oxygen pH
What Can You Do To Reduce Stormwater Pollution?
Divert roof drains to vegetated areas
Use rain barrels/cisterns
Convert lawns to natural area
Vegetate bare areasUse environmentally
friendly lawn careKeep storm drains cleanInspect/maintain septic
systems
Pick-up pet wasteRestore stream
buffersSupport land use &
stormwater planningMinimize paved
areas or use pervious pavement materials
Maintain vehicleWash vehicle on
grassy areas
Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill
Benth
ic M
acro
inve
rt
Fish C
omm
unity
High W
ater
Tem
perat
ure
Low D
isso
lved
Oxy
gen
Low p
H
Turbid
ity
Fecal
Colif
orm (
recr
eatio
n)
Chloro
phyll a
NO2+NO3-
N
Amm
onia
Wat
er c
olum
n Mer
cury
Zinc
Lead
CopperPCB
Nu
mb
er o
f Im
pai
red
Ass
essm
ent
Un
its
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2010 Urban
PiedmontStream
Impairments
Benth
ic M
acro
inve
rt
Fish C
omm
unity
High W
ater
Tem
perat
ure
Low D
isso
lved
Oxy
gen
Low p
H
Turbid
ity
Fecal
Colif
orm (
recr
eatio
n)
Chloro
phyll a
NO2+NO3-
N
Amm
onia
Wat
er c
olum
n Mer
cury
Zinc
Lead
CopperPCB
Nu
mb
er o
f Im
pa
ire
d A
sse
ssm
ent
Un
its
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
100
120
2010 Urban
PiedmontStream
Impairments
Cape
Fear
Cataw
ba
Neuse
Roanoke
Yadki
n-Pee
Dee
0
20
40
60
80
100
120200
400
600
800
1000
Number of Impaired Assessment UnitsNumber of Impaired Stream Miles
2010 Urban
PiedmontStream
Impairments~
By Basin
Standard assessed - 400 CFU/100 mL
2010Fecal
ColiformBacterial
Assessment
0303002
0303003
03030070303004
0303005
0303006
Little Creek Watershed 2010/2012 Assessment
Booker Creek Upper 3.5 mile segment – Impaired
Benthic MacroinvertebrateLow Dissolved Oxygen (30%)
Lower 2.1 mile segment – ImpairedBenthic Macroinvertebrate
Bolin Creek Middle 3.1 mile segment – Impaired
Benthic Macroinvertebrate
Little CreekUpper 4.9 mile segment – Impaired
Benthic Macroinvertebrate
Tools & Strategies DWQ Utilizes to Restore Urban Streams
Work with stakeholders/watershed groups to develop watershed restoration plans
Phase I and Phase II Stormwater regulationsDevelopment of Total Daily Maximum Loads
(TMDL) for a specific stream reach and pollutant of interest. (A percent load reduction is determined)
Development of specific management strategies and rules (Jordan Lake, Falls Lake, Randleman Lake)
Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy & Rules
Jordan Lake Strategy is divided into three management segment requiring different amount of reductions in order to meet standards.
Jordan Lake Nutrient Management Strategy & Rules
15A NCAC 02B .0262-.0273 & .0311 (q)AgriculturalStormwater Management for New DevelopmentStormwater Management for Existing DevelopmentProtection of Existing Riparian BuffersMitigation for Riparian BuffersRiparian Buffer Mitigation Fees for NC EEPWastewater Discharge RequirementsStormwater Requirements for State and Federal EntitiesFertilizer ManagementOptions for Offsetting Nutrient LoadsCape Fear Basin – Jordan Lake Watershed WS-V reclassification
For more information see DWQ website - http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/jordanlake
Questions
Nora DeamerDivision of Water [email protected]
Basinwide Planning Websitehttp://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/ps/bpu
AU# Stream Name Location Classification Miles Impairment Status Use Support Rating/Information
Booker Creek Watershed
16-41-1-15-2-(1)Booker Creek (East-wood
Lake) From source to dam at Eastwood Lake WS-V,B;NSW 3.5 m Impaired Fair Bug (BB198 - Piney Mtn Rd.);
Low DO @ B3050000 = 30.4%
16-41-1-15-2-(4) Booker Creek From dam at eastwood Lake to US Hwy 15 WS-V;NSW 1.2 m Impaired Fair Bug
16-41-1-15-2-(5) Booker Creek From US Hwy 15 to Little Creek WS-IV;NSW 0.9 m Impaired Fair Bug
Bolin Creek Watershed
16-41-1-15-1-(0.5)a
Bolin Creek (Hogen Lake)
From source to Pathway Drive WS-V;NSW 5.3 m Supporting Good-Fair Bug (BB330 - SR1777)
16-41-1-15-1-(0.5)b
Bolin Creek (Hogen Lake)
From Pathway Drive to US Hwy 501 Business WS-V;NSW 3.1 m Impaired Fair Bug (BB506 - Estes Dr.
Upstream 400M)
16-41-1-15-1-(4) Bolin Creek From US Hwy 501 Business to Little Creek WS-IV;NSW 0.9 m No Data No Data or information to make
assessment
Little Creek Wateshed
16-41-1-15-(0.5) Little Creek From source to a point 0.7 mile downstream of Durham County SR 1110
WS-IV;NSW 4.9 m Impaired Poor Bug (BB197 - Pinehurst Dr.)
16-41-1-15-(3) Little Creek From a point 0.7 mile downstream of Durham County SR 1110 to New Hope Creek
WS-IV;NSW,CA 0.8 m No Data No Data or information to make
assessment
2010 & Draft NC 2012 Assessment (Integrated Report)
2000 Population
Density
Nonpoint Sources of Pollution Pollution reaching waterways from rainfall runoff,
atmospheric deposition and groundwater flow. Impacts result from cumulative effects of many small activities.
Changing Hydrology Effects
Forces more water
(energy) more quicklyPhysically
damages stream channel
Before Development
After Development
Zone 1: 30’undisturbed
forest vegetation
Zone 2: 20’ managed vegetation
Stream
Buffer Zones on Streams
Top of bank
Planning Considerations Avoid Areas Near
Sensitive Waters Maintain Buffer Areas
Around Streams Consider Land
Constraints - slope/soil…
Maintain Areas of Open Space
Minimize Impervious Cover
Planning Options Low Impact
Development (LID)
Maintain Stream Buffers
Consider Slope & Soil Maintain Open Space Minimize Impervious
Cover
What can local governments do to reduce stormwater pollution?Limit impervious surfaces by concentrating
development in high density clusters.Encourage mass transit to reduce need for
roads/parking lots.Set zoning standards for development to reduce
runoff and protect stream corridors.Discourage development in floodplains.Protect farmland and open spaces.
Benefits of Riparian BuffersTrap/Remove
sediment from runoffProtect stream bank
from erosionTrap/Remove
nutrients, metals and other contaminants
Effective flood controlProvides food and
habitat for wildlife
How Buffers WorkSedimentNitrogenPhosphorusOther
ContaminantsFlood ControlChannel StabilityWildlife Habitat
Impacts of Increased Turbidity
4-32 NTU– Reduced food intake– Slight reduction in growth– Reduced survival percentages – Avoidance, escape
80-90 NTU– Marked reduction in growth & survival
Sensitive Species 10-25 NTU = Mortality
Urbanization Impacts
Bolin Creek from Randy Dodd
Overview of 2010 303(d) list
Categories:
Freshwater streams
Lakes
Salt Waters
Turbidity High pH Chlorophyll a
Fre
sh
Wa
ter
Acr
es
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Lake Impairment Parameters
2010 Impaired Freshwater Acres
Ars
enic
Co
pp
er
Zin
c
Am
mo
nia
Ch
lori
de
NO
2+N
O3-
N
Tu
rbid
ity
Lo
w D
isso
lved
Oxy
gen
Lo
w p
H
Ch
loro
ph
yll a
Rec
. Fec
al C
olif
orm
Bac
teri
a
Bio
log
y-B
ug
Bio
log
y-F
ish
Fre
sh
Wa
ter
Mil
es
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
200225250275300
StreamImpairmentParameters
2010 Impaired Freshwater Miles
DO pHSpec. Cond. Turb.
Fecal C.(Geomean) TN NH3
NO2/NO3-N TP
mg/L μmhos/
cm NTU cfu/100 ml mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
CFR Basin Average 7.6 6.9 13.1 75 2.01 0.10 1.24 0.19
Haw – 3030002 8.4 7.3 277 16.7 108 2.90 0.09 2.15 0.24
Deep – 3030003 8.5 7.2 217 15.6 107 2.68 0.07 2.02 0.25
Middle CFR – 3030004 8.5 6.6 119 10.8 91 1.27 0.22 0.49 0.10
Lower CFR – 3030005 7.1 6.9 11.9 28 1.22 0.07 0.51 0.12
Black R – 3030006 6.4 6.1 110 4.5 70 1.07 0.04 0.25 0.11
Northeast CFR - 3030007 6.6 6.6 7.1 98 2.17 0.07 1.23 0.30
Healthy Piedmont Strm* 12-90 0.80 0.05 0.30 0.05EPA Nutrient Criteria -
Piedmont** 0.70 0.038EPA Nutrient Criteria -
Coastal** 0.72 0.032
* Information from ESS document.** USGS Circular 1350 – The Quality of Our Nation’s Water – Nutrients in the Nation’s Streams and Groundwater, 1992-2004 Neil Dubrovskt et al., 2010.
Standard assessed - 400 CFU/100 mL
FecalColiformBacteria
0303002
0303003
03030070303004
0303005
0303006