Welcome you all

Presentation by

Karthika. A

What is meant by discrimination?Distinguishing Treat unfairly on the grounds of Race,

Gender or age.

Meaning Discriminatory

language is that which creates or reinforces a hierarchy of difference between people. Discriminatory language can be targeted to a range of different facets of identity, including gender, race, class, age, political or religious beliefs, and physical, intellectual or psychiatric disability.

Why we use written communication?

History of writing According to historians,

the earlier form of writing can be dated to around 3000 BC when Sumerians in ancient Mesopotamia modern day, Iraq, wrote on clay tablets. This writing system is known as Cuneiform.

Why we should know deep about writing?

Essentials of Non- discriminatory in writing

The modern business writers use language and references that are gender inclusive, that is not biased toward either sex but include both.

Non-discrimination in WritingAvoid :- GenderAgeRace Nationality/ cultural diversityDisability

Suggestions for Non-discriminatory writing:Avoid gender words Avoid thinking in stereotypes-manager is male,

the secretary female in your writing. (E.g.) Avoid: - Our course is designed to

your assistant or secretary reach her potential. (The person could be a man).

Revised:- our course is designed to develop the full potential of your secretary or assistant.

Avoid Revised

Salesman/lady Salesperson/ sales associate

Chairman Chair, chairperson

Craftsman Craft worker

Draftsman Drafter

Fireman Firefighter

Watchman Guard, security officer

Newsman Reporter, news people

Foreman Supervisor

Repairman Repairer

Mailman Mail carrier, letter carrier

Policeman Police officer

Man-hours Staff-hours

Man-made Artificial, synthetic

Mankind Humanity, people, human race

Man in office Staff in office

He/she His/her As example: “the typical state University

student eats his lunch at students centre”. Assuming state is co-educational, here arises a discriminatory that the use of his suggests male supremacy.

Instead of that the example may be written in non-discriminatory writing as: “the typical state University student eats lunch at the student center.

Masculine pronouns for both genders:

Women are also often referred to in terms of the title conferred by their marital status - Miss or Mrs. As you will often not know a woman's marital status, it is safer to use the title Ms, which may not always be their preferred title, but will not be inaccurate.

Discriminatory sentences Non-discriminatory sentences

If a customer pays promptly, he is placed on our preferred list.

A customer who pays promptly is placed in our preferred list.

When an unauthorized employee enters the security area, he is subject to dismissal.

An employee who enters the security area is subject to dismissal.

A supervisor is not responsible for such losses if he is not negligent.

A supervisor who is not negligent is not responsible for such losses.

When a customer needs service, it is his right to ask for it.

A customer who needs service has the right to ask for it.

Second way to write without discrimination: (use their, they, them)

If a customer pays promptly, they are placed on our preferred list.When an unauthorized employee enters the security area, they are

subject to dismissalA supervisor is not responsible for such losses if they are not

negligent.When a customer needs service, they have the right to ask for it.

Third way to write without discrimination: (use of he/she, he or she, s/he one, and person)

If a customer pays promptly, he/she is placed on our preferred list.When an unauthorized employee enters the security area, s/he

subject to dismissalA supervisor is not responsible for such losses if she/he is not

negligent.When a customer needs service, one has the right to ask for it.

What is meant by Race?

Race/colour describes the major descriptions of humankind (i.e.) fair and dark skin

When you meet a new person, do you notice the

colour of their skin?

HOW RACIST ARE YOU?

Have you ever decidednot to hang out with

someone just because of their colour?

If someone was racist towards you would you be racist back?

VERY RACIST

Do you make fun of the way people sound

or look meaning it to hurt someone?

Do you have many friends of different

nationalities?

AVERAGE

Do you ever laugh at racist jokes?

YES NO

YES NO NO YES

A SAINT

YESNO

RACIST

YES

NOYESNO

Cultural Diversity

It is important that the words we use respect the identity of the person or people with whom we are communicating or to whom we are referring.

Avoid the term ‘Christian name’ – rather use ‘first name, given name, forename or personal name’.

DisabilityThe social model of disability, to

which, locates the disability within the physical barriers and negative attitudes in society rather than a person's impairment.

(e.g. a blind musician – a musician with a vision impairment)

UNE (University of North East, Mexico) supports the use of non-discriminatory language in the work of its staff and students. It promotes the use of inclusive language to address and describe all people, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity and physical or intellectual characteristics. Use acceptable, inclusive language for:

1. Gender and/or sexual orientation 2. Indigenous peoples 3. Physical and/or intellectual disability 4. Race, ethnicity and/or religion 5. Other examples

1. Gender and/or sexual orientation You should use inclusive language (gender

neutral, non-sexist, non-gender specific) that includes women and treats men and women equally.

Use titles and modes of address consistently for men and for women. (e.g. Use Ms in preference to Miss/Mrs, unless this is preferred.)

Use the words man/woman, girl/boy, gentleman/lady in a parallel way. (e.g. Ladies and men gentlemen should … OR Men and women should …)

Avoid using occupational titles containing the ‘feminine’ suffixes -ess, -ienne. (e.g. authoress – author; headmistress/master – principal; comedienne – comedian)

Avoid using gender-specific occupational titles (e.g. tradesman – tradesperson; businessman – executive; craftsman – artisan)

Avoid the generic use of man or of composite words involving the syllable ‘man’. (e.g. spokesman – spokesperson; mankind – humanity; chairman – chair)

Avoid irrelevant, gratuitous gender descriptions (e.g. the lady editor; the female doctor; the homosexual Minister)

Avoid unnecessary reference to the relationship and/or parenting status of a person or a group. (e.g. the mother-of-five woman appointed to the position of Minister of Education)

2. Indigenous peoples

Never use negative, discriminatory terms that would be offensive to the indigenous peoples.

3. Physical and/or intellectual ability Avoid unnecessary reference to the physical and/or

intellectual ability of a person or a group. (e.g. A blind [unnecessary] musician played the violin at the local concert.)

Avoid using terms which connect a person or a group with a disability. (e.g. a blind musician – a musician with a vision impairment)

Use terms that recognise that a disability is only one characteristic of the person or group. (e.g. a disabled person – a person with a disability or people with special needs; deaf and blind – people with visual impairments and/or hearing impairments; handicapped – people with physical disabilities and people with psychiatric disorders)

4. Race, ethnicity and/or religion

Avoid unnecessary reference to the ethnic or racial background of a person or a group. (e.g. Some Japanese [unnecessary] youths were injured in the accident.)

Avoid terms which put down a person or a group on the basis of race, ethnicity and/or religion.

5. Other examplesSome people argue that man is a

generic term that refers to both men and women as in mankind and manpower. If man does refer equally to women and men, why does it sound so odd to say:

Men and women are invited to apply to join the foreman research team. (Use supervisor)

In vitro-fertilisation is a new technique to assist man to reproduce. (Use human)

Word or Phrase Hierarchy

Pairs of nouns and pronouns tend to become set in a fixed order, reflecting and reinforcing their cultural value. The identity referred to second takes on a passive position, and is often seen as a subsidiary varying the customary word order can challenge the implied status: young and old old and youngwhite and black black and whitehusband and wife wife and husbandgay and lesbian lesbian and gay

Conclusion:

Work to develop a non-biased attitude, and show it through carefully chosen words. In deciding which word to avoid and which word to use, you will have to rely on your best judgment. Remember that your goal should be use words that are fair and that do not offend.

Quiz for the students

housewifehomemaker, shopper , consumer - depending

on thecontext

What is the non-discriminatory of the word ?

man hour working hour

transsexualstransgender people

craftsmanCraftsperson/artisan

PolicemanPolice officer

ancient manancient

people/civilisation

tradesmantradesperson

workmanworker

air hostessflight attendant

headmaster, headmistressprincipal / head