PHASE A, BLOCK 1,MS RESIDENT (MARCH 2015),DEPT. OF ANATOMY,BSMMU.

Dr. Rayhan Shahrear

NOMINA ANATOMICA & ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

GUIDED BYPROF. LAILA ANJUMAN BANUProfessor of Genetics and Molecular Biology,Department of Anatomy,BSMMU.

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NOMINA ANATOMICA

is the international standard on human

anatomic terminology from 1955 until it was

replaced by Terminologia Anatomica in 1998.

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BELLY BUTTON

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PRAYER BONES

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HAUSE-PIPE

SO WHAT DID THEY DO?

A new international system of anatomical terminology began.

The system was approved in 1895 by the Ninth Congress of the Anatomische Gesellschaft in Basel (then "Basle"), Switzerland. It became known as the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA).

The International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is the international body representing anatomical societies from throughout the world. The First Federative International Congress of Anatomy met in Geneva.

British anatomists broke away from the BNA adopting the Birmingham Revision (BR).

The Anatomische Gesellschaft itself produced a revision, the Jena Nomina Anatomica (JNA).

The Fifth Congress (Oxford, 1950) established the International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (IANC), to work on standardized anatomical terminology.

The IANC’s revision of the BNA was approved in 1955 at the Sixth Congress, meeting in Paris. It was originally called the Parisiensia Nomina Anatomica (PNA) but later became known simply as the Nomina Anatomica (NA).

1887 1895 1903 1933 1935 1950 1955

Edition Year Conveyed by

Second edition 1961The Seventh congress (New York, 1960)

Third edition 1966The Eighth congress (Wiesbaden, 1965)

Fourth edition 1977The Ninth congress (Leningrad, 1970), the Tenth congress (Tokyo, 1975)

Fifth edition 1983The eleventh congress (Mexico city, 1980)

The Twelfth Congress (London, 1985), there was a dispute between over the editorial independence of the IANC and IFAA Members. The IANC published a sixth edition of Nomina Anatomica, but it was never approved by the IFAA.

At the Thirteenth Congress (Rio de Janeiro, 1989), the IFAA created Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT).

A “new, updated, simplified and uniform anatomical terminology,” the Terminologia Anatomica (TA) was published.

1985 1989 1998

MODERN USE OF THE NA

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NA and its derivatives are still used in some contexts and there remain some obstacles to universal adoption of TA:

The TA is only available in Latin, English, and Spanish, while the NA is available in many additional languages, which has had an impact upon international adoption of TA.

Terminologia Embryologica is under development, but is not yet available.

Nomina Histologica underwent several editions. Until recently, there was no Terminologia Histologica. However, an edition was published in 2008.

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The TA divides anatomical structures into the following main categories:

A01: General anatomy (anatomia generalis) A02: Bones (ossa) A03: Joints (juncturae) A04: Muscles (musculi) A05: Alimentary system (systema digestorium) A06: Respiratory system (systema respiratorium) A07: Thoracic cavity (cavitas thoracis)

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A08: Urinary system (systema urinarium) A09: Genital systems (systemata genitalia) A10: Abdominopelvic cavity (cavitas abdominis et pelvis) A11: Endocrine glands (glandulae endocrinae) A12: Cardiovascular system (systema cardiovasculare) A13: Lymphoid system (systema lymphoideum) A14: Nervous system (systema nervosum) A15: Sense organs (organa sensuum) A16: The integument (integumentum commune)

ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

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The terminology is used by anatomists and zoologists, in scientific journals, textbooks, and by doctors and other medical professionals.

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WHY Anatomical terminology uses a variety of

unique and possibly confusing terms to describe the anatomical location and action of different structures.

By using this terminology, anatomists hope to be more precise and reduce errors and ambiguity.

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WHERE

Anatomical terms derive from Ancient Greek and Latin words, and because these languages are no longer used in everyday conversation, the meaning of their words does not change.

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HOW Anatomical terms are made up of roots,

prefixes, and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition, whereas the prefix or suffix often describes the root.

The roots, prefixes and suffixes are often derived from Greek or Latin, and often quite dissimilar from their English-language variants.

PLANES

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The sagittal plane

The midsagittal or median plane

Parasagittal plane, or less commonly a

longitudinal section.

The frontal plane

The transverse plane

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DIRECTIONS

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Anterior and posterior

Superior and inferior

Proximal and distal

Superficial and deep

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Medial and lateral

Ventral and Dorsal

Cranial and caudal

sinister and dexter

Paired

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REGIONS

MUSCLES

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On independency of muscles action they are

skeletal and smooth muscles.

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The muscle performing an action is the

agonist, while the muscle which contraction

brings about an opposite action is the

antagonist.

MOVEMENTS

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GENERAL MOVEMENTS

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and adduction

Internal and External rotation

Elevation and Depression

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SPECIAL MOVEMENTS

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

Palmarflexion and dorsiflexion

Pronation and Supination

Eversion and Inversion

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THANK YOU