NGOs IN INDIAFrom National Awakening to

Nation Building

Hieun Tsang in 630 AD wrote:

“Towards the west of the junction of the two rivers (Ganga and Yamuna at Allahabad) there was a great plain, called The Arena of Charitable offerings, as from very ancient times Kings from different parts of India frequented this spot for the purpose of practicing charity”

1.2 Million NGOs in 2007

source: PRIA

SHORT VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo5e_wnW9Y0

Journey towards mainstreaming…

1800 - 1900

•1810-1820s- social development led by Religious Missionaries •1820s- Social reforms - Empowerment of Women •Throughout the century socio-religious movements •1870s- Emergence of Caste based associations especially of Lower caste systems

Societies Registration Act of 1860

•Organizations began working on Conservation overall development ( BNHS 1883, RKM 1897 )•Building schools, colleges, dispensaries, and hospitals•Focus on social reform increased & spread around the country•1885- Indian National Congress •1886- Muslim Organizations were formed to conserve the interest of their group

Trusts Act of 1882

1900- 1947

•Early 1900s- Politics becomes a focus area for NGOs• Organizations formed to gain political rights •Religious activities continue •1913- Gandhi Returns back

- Rural Development – Swaraj (self reliance)

- Works for eradication of Untouchability

- Volunteers participate in Freedom

movement

• 1940s-Relief Work -1943 Bengal Famine

1947 - 2000

• 1947- 1960s- Guiding Government in Development Programs•1960- 1970s

- CBOs began to be formed with focus on empowerment of communities- Welfare organizations formed in mid 1960s and early 1970s were focused

on rehabilitation and relief work- Post partition massacre

*There was a need for relief work because of the regular occurrence of disasters such as famines, floods, and cyclones in this period of Indian history

1953 – Central Social Welfare Board to support the NGOs working in the field

1970s – 90s

NGOs grew rapidly and prolifically

•1992 Earth Summit – UN conference on Environment and Development - Recognizes of NGOs role

NGOs finally get HEARD

•1992 The 74th Amendment of the Constitution of India recognizes the role of local governance and encourages participatory development

•2000 planning Commission becomes the interface between the Government and NGOs

• 2007 National Policy of Voluntary Sector

Short Comings

• Leadership

•Focus

•Research

•Capacities

PHOTO CREDITS

http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/june01/india02.jpghttp://photoofthemoment.wordpress.com/http://farm1.static.flickr.com/13/14790118_d878386237.jpghttp://www.ucc.ie/en/hr/equality-wellbeing/health/mental/religion/imgcol,32904,en.pnghttp://www.ucc.ie/en/hr/equalitywellbeing/health/mental/religion/imgcol,32904,en.pnghttp://farm2.static.flickr.com/1055/1332745110_3cc25ce9ba.jpg http://oldindianphotos.blogspot.com/http://i33.tinypic.com/w0mb6h.jpghttp://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/af/India_topo_big.jpghttp://blog.artwolfe.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/sjs42601.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Xuanzang_w.jpg\Holding Hands: http://www.saintalbanschurch.co.uk/images/silhouettes-holding-hands.jpgHolding

REFERENCES

www.pria.org/http://www.cafindia.org/pages/voluntary%20sector%20in%20India.pdfhttp://planningcommission.nic.in/data/ngo/vac_prced.pdfhttp://www.vaniindia.org/Download/National_Policy-May2007_EN.pdfNon-State Provision of Basic ServicesHistorical Background of The Nonprofit Sector In India + PRIA -CNP_Working_Papers/CNP_WP12_India_1993.pdfhttp://www.idd.bham.ac.uk/research/pdfs/India_Scoping_Study.pdfwww.outlookindia.com | Ambedkar’s Desideratahttp://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Civil-Society-Briefs/IND/CSB-IND.pdfCivil Society in Indiawww.outlookindia.com | The State At The Doorstepwww.outlookindia.com | The Axis Year Outlook SearchIndia Together: Believers in free air - October 2004India Together: Freeing our heroes from parochialisation - October 2004India Together: Why India survives - Ramachandra Guha - October 2004India Together: Search ResultsCivil society's failure is government's blessing - upiasia.comOn civil society: issues and ... - Google Books