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Demographic Analysis of Nepal
By: Rohan Byanjankar
Demographic Composition of Nepalese Society
• Census Analysis• Ethnic Society• Gender Composition• Regional Composition• Ecological Composition • Religious Composition• Caste Composition• Fertility/Migration/Mortality
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•Demography• Demography is the systematic study of population. Demography
can be separated into two words Demo means people, and Graphy means study.
• Population• Population can be defined as the total number of people living in a
specific area over a specific time period. It can also be defined as a collective group of organism of same species occupying a particular space over a specific period of time.
• Population density • Population density can be defines as the total number of people
living in a certain area such as per square kilometer or per square miles and so on.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
• Population composition• Population composition can be defined as the distribution of
population according to demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-economic characteristics (language, mother tongue, religion, caste, and ethnicity).
•Census• Population census can be defined as the national level survey of
population that records various records of individuals. The census is taken in every ten years in Nepal. It is generally referred as national population and housing census.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•History of census in world and Nepal• In the world history, the first census was taken in 3340 BC in
Egypt; followed by Greek census in 1600 BC; Chinese census in 2 AD during Han Dynasty; Indian census in 300 BCE during the time of Chandragupta Maurya in the guidance of Kautilya. • In Nepal, the history of census is not very old. It started in 1911
AD.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
Difference between De facto and De jure Method
• Ethnic society• Ethnic society can be defined as the group of people who are living
in a certain geographical region and share common language, culture, occupation, tradition, belief system, and so on. There are about 125 ethnic groups in Nepal as of 2011.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•Gender composition• Gender is the role expected by the society from male, female, and
non-heterogeneous individuals. Gender is socially constructed, so is true in social reality but might be false in natural reality. • Gender composition defined as the total number of male, female,
and non-heterogeneous individuals living in a particular area in a specific time period.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•Regional composition• Nepal has been divided in five development region. Initially, there
were only four development region (2028), and was made five in 2038 by splitting larger far western development region into Mid-western and Far western development regions. • The distribution of population in these development regions is
called regional composition.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•Religious Composition • The belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers in
which a large number of people believe in; every religion calls for purity of linage. • The distribution of population according to religion is called
religious composition.•Caste Composition • Caste system is the closed system that is only found in Hinduism
and is based on Manu Smiriti. • The distribution of population of according to caste of people is
called Caste Composition.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
• Fertility• Fertility is the ability to conceive children. The TFR represents the
average number of children a woman would potentially have, were she to fast-forward through all her childbearing years in a single year, under all the age-specific fertility rates for that year.
•Fecundity • Fecundity refers to potential to reproduce or how much a single
person can reproduce?
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
•Migration• Migration refers to the act of shifting the settlement from one
location to other location due to marriage, employment, natural calamities, and so on. The migration affects the environment of both places.
•Mortality • Mortality means a state of being subject to death. Mortality rate can
be defined as the total number of deaths in a particular area in a specific time period generally expressed in terms of 1000.
SOME OF THE RELATED TERMS
Census Analysis
Census Analysis (General Population)• According to 1981 census, the total population was 15,022,893 and the
growth rate estimated 2.52%• According to 1991 census, the total population was 18,491,097 and the
growth rate estimated 2.08%• According to 2001 census, the total population was 23,151,423 and the
growth rate estimated 2.25%• According to 2011 census, the total population was 26,494,504 and the
growth rate estimated 1.35%
Census Analysis
Year Total Population Annual Growth rate1961 9412996 1.641971 11555983 2.051981 15,022,893 2.521991 18,491,097 2.082001 23,151,423 2.252011 26,494,504 1.35
2031 (Prediction) 33,597,032 -
Census Analysis
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2031 (Prediction)0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
40000000
Total Population
Total Population
Census Analysis
Urban and Rural Population
Sex ratio (number of males per 100 females):• Sex ratio: 105 in 1981 and 99 in 1991.• Decreased from 99.8 in 2001 to 94.2 in 2011. • In abstract number, there are 796,422 more females than males in the
country (As of 2011).• Sex ratio is highest (127) in Manang district and lowest (76) in
Gulmi district.
Census Analysis
Year Sex ratio (in 100 female)1981 1051991 992001 99.82011 94.2
Census Analysis
1981 1991 2001 2011
105
99
99.8
94.2
Sex ratio (in 100 female)Sex ratio (in 100 female)
Census Analysis
Population Pyramid
Population Density:• Population at the national level is 180 in 2011 compared to 157 in
2001.• The highest population density is found in Kathmandu district (4,416
person per square km) and lowest (3 person per square km) in Manang District.
Census Analysis
Caste/Ethnicity: • There are 125 caste/ethnic groups reported in the census 2011. • Chhetri is the largest caste/ethnic groups having 16.6% (4,398,053) • Brahman-Hill (12.2% ; 3,226,903), • Magar (7.1% ; 1,887,733), • Tharu (6.6% ; 1,737,470), Tamang (5.8% ; 1,539,830), • Newar (5.0% ; 1,321,933), • Kami (4.8% ; 1,258,554), Musalman (4.4% ; 1,164,255), Yadav
(4.0% ; 1,054,458) and Rai (2.3% ; 620,004).
Census Analysis
Tabular Analysis
Year Chhetri Bhramin hill
Magar Tharu Tamang Newar Muslim Kami Yadhav
2001 15.8 12.7 7.1 6.8 5.6 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.92011 16.6 12.2 7.1 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.4 4.8 4
Graphical Analysis
Chhetri
Bhramin hill
Magar
Tharu
Taman
gNew
ar
Muslim Kam
i
Yadha
v0
4
8
12
16
Caste Composition of Population
2001 2011
Mother Tongue: • There are 123 languages spoken as mother tongue reported in census
2011. • Nepali is spoken as mother tongue by 44.6 percent (11,826,953)• Maithili (11.7% 3,092,530), Bhojpuri (6.0%; 1,584,958), • Tharu (5.8%; 1,529,875), Tamang (5.1%; 1,353,311), • Newar (3.2%; 846,557), Bajjika (3.0%; 793,418), • Magar (3.0%; 788,530), Doteli (3.0%; 787,827), Urdu (2.6%; 691,546).
Census Analysis
Tabular Analysis
Year Nepali Maithili Bhojpuri Tharu Tamang Newar Bajjika Magar Deteli1981 58.36 11.11 7.61 3.63 3.48 2.99 1.56 1.42 1.471991 50.31 11.85 7.46 5.37 4.89 3.37 2.03 2.33 1.632001 48.61 12.3 7.53 5.86 5.19 3.63 2.47 3.39 2.472011 44.6 11.7 6 5.8 5.1 3.2 3 3 3
Nepali Maithili Bhojpuri Tharu Tamang Newar Bajjika Magar Deteli0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Linguistic Composition of Population
1981199120012011
Graphical Analysis
• Religion: There are ten types of religion categories reported in the census. Hinduism isfollowed by 81.3 percent (21,551,492) of the population while Buddhism (9.0%; 2,396,099), Islam (4.4%; 1,162,370), • Kirat (3.1%; 807,169), Christianity (1.4%; 375,699),• Prakriti (0.5%; 121,982), Bon (13,006),• Jainism (3,214), Bahai (1,283) and Sikhism (609).
Census Analysis
Tabular Analysis
Religion / Year 1991 2001 2011Hinduism 89.5 80.62 81.3Buddhism 5.3 10.74 9Muslim 2.7 4.20 4.4Kirata - 3.60 3.1Christian - 0.45 1.4Others 2.5 0.39 0.8
Graphical Analysis
Hinduism Buddhism Muslim Kirata Christian Others0
102030405060708090
100
Religions in Nepal (1991, 2001, 2011)
1991 2001 2011
Population distribution by Age (2011)
Age Group Population Percentage0-15 9248246 34.90628
15-60 15091848 56.9621860+ 2154410 8.131536Total 26494504 100
0-15 15-60 60+0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
14000000
16000000
Population by age
Population
Population by ecological zones
Ecological distribution (2011)
Population by ecological zones
Region/ Year 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Mountain 9.9 8.7 7.8 7.3 6.72
Hilly 52.5 47.7 45.5 44.3 43
Terai 37.6 43.6 46.7 48.4 50.28
Population by ecological zones
1971 1981 1991 2001 20110
102030405060
Ecological Belt
Mountain Hilly Terai
Year
Perc
enta
ge o
f Pop
ulat
ion
Population by ecological zones
Regional Composition (2011)
EDR22%
CDR36%
WDR19%
MWDR13%
FWDR10%
rEGIONAL pOPULATION
EDR CDR WDR MWDR FWDR0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
12000000
5811555
9656985
4926795
35466822552517
rEGIONAL pOPULATION
Series1
Development Region
Popu
latio
n
Regional Composition (2011)
Marital Status
Year Mortality
1961 325.9
1971 264.9
1981 204.4
1991 135.3
2001 77
2011 43.21950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200
50100150200250300350
Mortality under 5 years
YearM
orta
lity
per 1
000
Mortality Rate per 10000 live births.
Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 (est.)Birth per women 5.99 5.96 5.72 5.09 3.92 2.50 2.21
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2016 (est.)01234567
Birth per women
Year
Bir
th p
er w
omen
Fertility Rate
MIG
RATI
ON
General Overview (Population: 2011)
Population Projection
Population Projection