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My presentation on Natural Language Processing and Machine Vision
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Natural Language Processing
Prepared By:
Yogendra Tamang
BEX-066-448
OUTLINES
Introduction Level of Analysis
Phonetic Syntactic Semantic Pragmatic
Introduction to Machine Vision
“The man who knows no foreign language knows nothing of his mother tongue”
-Johan Wolfang Von Geothe(1749-1932)German Poet, Playwright and Philosopher
What is Language???Representing your
understanding
language spoken by people, e.g. English, Nepali, Spanish, as opposed to artificial languages, like C++, Java, etc.
Natural Language
Background
-Understanding????Process of mapping from input form into a more useful form….
A pair(source language, target representation) together with a mapping between elements of each other
-Language????
Natural Language Processing
1.What does the written/spoken sentence mean?(Natural Language Understanding)
2.What is to be represented and how to express it in natural language(Natural Language Generation)
Natural Language UnderstandingRaw Speech Signal
Sequence of Word Spoken
Structure of Sentence
Partial Representation of meaning of sentence
Final Representation of meaning of sentence
Speech Recognition(phonetic)Syntactic Analysis
Semantic Analysis
Pragmatic Analysis
Phonetic Analysis
time
Input Analog signal
Frequency Spectrogra
m
Constructing words from Phonemes through frequency spectrogram
Eg. th+i+ng=thingPhoneme Database is used
Phonetic Analysis
Syntactic Analysis
i. Exploits result of Phonetic Analysis
ii. Builds Structural description of Sentence.
iii. Flat input sequence is converted into hierarchical structure(parsing).
Syntactic AnalysisParsing
1. Grammar: 2. Parser:
A declarative Representation
A procedure
sentence
noun_phrase verb_phrase
proper_noun verb noun_phrase
determiner noun
“Krishna” “ate” “the” “apple”
Syntactic Analysis“Krishna ate the apple”
Semantic Analysis
Generates partial meaning/representation from its syntactic structure
Semantic Analysis
“plant” = industrial plant
“plant” = living organism
Importance of semantics?????
The sea is at the home for billions factories and animals
The sea is home to million of plants and animals
Semantic Analysis
Pragmatic Analysis
Uses context of utteranceWhere, by who, to whom, why, when it was saidIntentions: inform, request, promise, criticize, …
Handling Pronouns“Kusum eats apples. She likes them.”
She=“Kusum”, them=“apples”.
Machine Vision
worldwide industrial quality control and supervision technology.
Machine Vision
-- Consists of optical sensors, cameras for detection of faults
-- Being used for industries for last 20 years
Machine Vision3 Systems
1. Sensing and Digitizing image data
2. Image processing and analyzing
3. Applications
References:
Rich, Knight, Nair, ”Artificial Intelligence, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill Education
http://www.site.uottawa.ca
Machinevision.co.uk
www.ussvision.com
!!!!!Thank You!!!!!!!!!