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Ancient Views About Science
Nichole BallesterosMa. Jennifer EstrellaChrista Del Rosario
- boy
(astroboy – boy) + naomi = ?
ASTRONOMY
-
(unicorn – corn) + verse = ?
universe
John 15:5
CALcosmo + log + eye + cal
cosmological
ic
(geodude – dude) + cent +ic = ?
geocentric
heel + o + (sounds like: celtics) = ?
Heliocentric
-cir
copper + knee + (circus – cir) = ?
copernicus
-facell + S + (facial –fa)
celestial
tall + E + me = ?
Ptolemy
pillows + sofi = ?
philosophy
-ppatient – p = ?
ancient
astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that deals
with the study of and phenomena that
originate outside the Earth's atmosphere
It is concerned with the evolution, physics,
chemistry, meteorology, and motion of
celestial objects, as well as the formation and
development of the universe
Ancient genesis myths and cosmological beliefs
The Hindu, Greek and Babylonian views of the universe share many of these common ideas.
Today, Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions believe in a universe that was created by God.
Ancient Views: Matter and Motion
Greeks and Aristotle (384-322 BC):“The world and the human race
had always existed and would continue to exist indefinitely.”
Emphasis on Natural PhilosophyGeocentric theory
Geocentric Theory
The universe has 2 domains:◦Celestial (The world of eternal and
perfect beings)◦Terrestrial (The world of temporal and
corruptible things)Note: Behavior of objects depends on
two things: (a)Nature of its composition, (b)domain
MotionsCelestial bodies- uniform circular motion.Terrestrial bodies- toward its
natural resting placeElements earth, wind, air, fire (on earth)
ether (celestial world)
The earth has:(a) spherical shape(b) state of rest(c) a position at the center of the universe.
Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model
Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model
Celestial World Terrestial World
Objects in space- heavenly bodies
Inhabited by life forms
Ptolemaic modelConsist of transparent spheres
◦Outer most sphere ~ celestial spheres of stars
◦Immovable earth ~ center of the universe
◦Each sphere ~ celestial body moving in uniform circular motion
Explained generally observed motions of the heavenly bodies and objects of the sublunary world
Some difficulties were met regarding changes in the shape, brightness and speed of bodies especially the retrogade motion◦Retrograde motion is backward movement of planets (east to west)
Ptolemy perfected geometrical devices like eccentric, epicycle-deferent system and equant to explain retrograde motion
Epicycle-deferent systemPlanet P moves uniform circular
motion on a small circle called the epicycle. The center of the epicycle (A) is a point on a large circle called deferent.
From B to C- eastwardFrom C to B- westward Then repeats itself
A word on Ancient Greek TheoryPtolemaic model was based on
fundamental philosophical concepts- Plato’s principle of uniform circular motion was assumed as a philosophical truth
Greeks-physical theory of the universe can be best understood in the context of prior assumption or preconceptions.
Greek philosophy influenced the beginning of science
Other scientific features of ancient Greek theory
1. Quantitative or measurable observations
2. Uniformity and order in motion3. Mathematical and geometrical
principles
Copernican Revolution
Heliocentric modelNikolai Copernicus- earth was
displaced from the center of the universe.
The earth was moving about the sun together with the planets
As regard to the retrograde motion- consequences of the relative motion of the earth with respect to the other planets
Its basic concern was still the same as that of Plato: a more simple geocentric system of the universe.
There was much opposition against the Copernican model from the standpoint of religious or faith ~ to believe in the heliocentric model was equivalent to heresy
It took more that 100 years before the heliocentric theory gained acceptance
Note to selfCopernicus’ theory did not
improve on the accuracy of predictions over the geocentric model
There were NO new fundamental facts or observations that the Copernican model could explain which the geocentric model could not
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
•The earth is the center of the universe
•Accepted by religion and faith
•Failed to explain subsequent observations
• The sun is the center of the
universe
• Took a long time to be accepted
• Explained some observed motions
of heavenly bodies simpler
• Used planets and the
sun
• Based on Greek philoso-
phies