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Module Title: Wound Care: Part A Sterile Dressing Change for Wounds over 48 Hours Old
Sterile Dressing ChangeTwo Main Types of Wounds:
Open
Closed
Sterile Dressing ChangeOpen Wounds:One in which the surface of the skin or mucus membrane
is no longer intact, usually from an accident or surgical incision
Types:Incision-clean separation of skin and tissue with smooth edgesLaceration-separation of skin and tissue with irregular edgesAbrasion-surface layers of the skin are scraped awayAvulsion-stripping away of a large area of skin and underlying tissue,
leaving bone and cartilage exposedUlceration-shallow crater in which skin or mucous membrane are
missingPuncture- opening of skin, underlying tissue, or mucous membrane
caused by a sharp pointed narrow object
Sterile Dressing ChangeClosed Wounds:Ones in which there is no opening in the skin
or mucous membrane usually caused by blunt trauma or pressure
Types of Closed Wounds:Contusion-injury to soft tissue underlying the skin from
the force of contact with a hard object
Sterile Dressing ChangeFactors Affecting Wound Healing:
Extent of injuryBlood supplyType of injury
Presence debris Presence of infection
Health of Patient
Sterile Dressing ChangeTypes of Dressings:
Cean DressingSterile DressingDressing a DrainWet-to-Dry DressingsTransparent Film and Hydrocolloid Dressings
Sterile Dressing Change Wound Care: Removing Old Dressing
Slowly remove tape or old bandagesRemove old dressingApply small amounts of Normal Saline to gauze if
sticking to wound and debridement is not the goal of the ordering MD.
Note color, odor and amount of drainage on dressingObserve wound for s/s of infection, granulation,
necrotic tissue, sloughNotify nurse to assess the patient before redressingCleanse the wound
Sterile Dressing Change Wound Care: Cleaning the woundClean wound using sterile gauze pads and ordered
cleaning solutionKnow the directions for use of the cleaning productCleanse linear/surgical wounds from top to bottom
from clean to less clean areasUse new gauze for each strokeWork outward in parallel lines/ Do not rub back and
forthCleanse open wounds in half circles or full circles. Begin at center and work outward to one inch
beyond the edge of the dressing. Use a new gauze for each circle
Sterile Dressing ChangeDressings and Bandages
Dressings protect the wound, preventing contamination. Increase comfort and prevent further injury
Some dressings are used to apply pressure to control bleeding
Dressings are usually gauze, film or other synthetic substances that cover a wound
Bandages are used to hold dressings in place and can be gauze, net or elastic wrappings
Some dressings have an adhesive backingSome are held on with tapeBe aware that some patients may be allergic to tape
Sterile Dressing ChangeWound Care: Redressing the Wound
Before applying the dressing, check the wound care orders
Gather your supplies, Select a dressing that will extend at least one inch
beyond the borders of the woundPlace the patient in a position that he or she can
maintain for the entire procedure without discomfortGloves may be removed once the wound is covered if
there is no drainage notedSecure the dressing with tape, bandage, binder or
Montgomery Straps
Sterile Dressing ChangeWound Care: Dressing a Drain
Use Sterile Technique when working with drainsHandle the drain as little as possibleCleanse using a circular motion from center outwardApply at least two layers of precut drain gauzeCover with two layers of uncut gauzeHandle Sterile Cover Dressing by the corners onlyTape securely in placeDuring procedure note: drain is not intact or not
patent, condition of peri skin, color and odor of drainage, change in amount of drainage, patient has fever.
Sterile Wound Dressing Wound Care: Wet-to-Dry Dressing
Used for wound healing or for debridementUse Sterile TechniqueNormal Saline is used to moisten gauzeAfter cleaning the wound area, pick up moist
gauze sponge one at a time and squeeze so it is damp not dripping.
Open and unfold the dressingPlace over woundPick up the Sterile Cover Dressing by the corner Cover the damp dressing and wound completelyTape securely in place
Sterile Wound Dressing Wound Care: Transparent Film and
Hydrocolloid DressingTransparent film dressings: adhesive
membranes of various sizes and thicknessesSelect one that will allow 1 ¼ inch of dressing Promote healing; protect from bacteria; never
used if infection is presentChange every 3 to 7 daysCan be used as a cover dressing instead of tape
Sterile Dressing ChangeHydrocolloid DressingsMade of materials such as gelatin and pectinSelf adhesive and come in various sizes and
thicknessesShould extend 1 ¼ inch beyond the edge of the
woundUsed for pressure ulcers and some other woundsChange ever 7 daysProvide a moist environment for wound healingNever use when infection is present, deep
wounds or when tendons and bones are exposed
Sterile Dressing ChangesWound Care: Applying Bandages
Most are conforming and some are self adhering gauze
Hold bandage in dominant handHold bandage against the skin approximately one
inch below the dressingWrap around extremity two or three times then wrap
from distal to proximal in overlapping spiral turnsShould be snug but not so tight it restricts blood flowWrap at least one inch above top of dressingWrap it twice then cut endTape the end to the bandage NOT to the skin
Module Title: Wound Care: Part B – Wound Irrigation
Wound Care: IrrigationPurpose: to remove bacteria and debris, drainage and
exudate from the wound
Materials:Strict sterile technique must be usedMD orders the solution to be used for irrigatingIrrigation is usually performed using a piston
syringeNurse will need to assess wound
Wound Care: IrrigationBeing too aggressive or not aggressive enough
with irrigation could lead to damage of the wound bed
Before irrigating the wound observe:Amount of drainage, condition of the wound,
stage of healingIf inflammation is present, a more aggressive
approach is necessaryIf the wound bed is mostly pink tissue with small
amounts of tissue debris use a more gentle approach