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Multifunctionality of pastoralism: develop models
to assess the multiple functions and values of
grassland systems
V.Blanfort, Cirad S.Forman, Worldbank-LGA B.Hubert, Inra-Agropolis A.Ickowicz, Cirad J.Lasseur, Inra C.Marguerat, Swiss Govt-GASL J-F Tourrand, Cirad G.VelascoGil, FAO-PKH L.Wederburn, Agresearch
Pastoral Knowledge Hub Partner Meeting, Rome, April 3rd, 2017
Multifunctionality of pastoralism
• Where does it come from?
• New livestock partnerships
• Why multifunctionality?
• What expectations?
Where does it come from ?
• LIvestock Farming and LOcal Development (LIFLOD) : International research network
• IRCs Workshops :
• Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock
• Pastoral Knowledge Hub
- Hohhot : Functional Integrity 2008 - Rosario : Livestock Farming and Local Devpt 2011 - Saskatoon : Multifunctionality of Pastoralism local/global 2016
New Livestock Partnership
• Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock (GASL)
Multi-StakeHolder Partnership initiated by FAO in 2011
Action Network : « Restoring Value to Grassland »
http://www.livestockdialogue.org
• Large International Project initiatives (LGA)
Sahel and Horn Africa/World Bank; OIE; FAO; IFAD; LatAm
http://www.livestockglobalalliance.org
• Pastoral Knowledge Hub
Share knowledge among pastoralists and partners. 2015
http://www.fao.org/pastoralist-knowledge-hub
Why Multifunctionality of pastoralism?
• Multifunctionality of agriculture not a new concept
….but fostered by Sustainable Development framework
and present context (SDGs)
• Not so much implemented in Pastoral development project or research programs
• Underestimation of the roles of pastoralism
(ex : kg product/animal; kg GHG/kg product)
• Need for more hollistic analytical framework and tools
• Link and coordination between local and global level and between stakeholders >> GASL AN2 « Grasssland »
Why Multifunctionality of pastoralism?
• Multifunctionality of agriculture not a new concept
….but fostered by Sustainable Development framework
and present context (SDGs)
• Not so much implemented in Pastoral development project or research programs
• Underestimation of the roles of pastoralism
(ex : kg product/animal; kg GHG/kg product)
• Need for more hollistic analytical framework and tools
• Link and coordination between local and global level and between stakeholders >> GASL AN2 « Grasssland »
GASL Action Network 2 :
“Restoring value to grassland”
o Primary objective : “To maintain, restore and enhance environmental and economic value of grasslands, while promoting their social and cultural functions globally”. o 3 main outputs:
• Share information on pastoral development experiences • Tools to assess functions and values of grasslands • Capacity building for stakeholders
Social point of view
Local development point of view
Production point of view
Ecosystem services point of view Pastoral systems
4 dimensions
Multifunctionality of pastoralism
Synergies and trade-offs?
Social Local development
Production
Ecosystem services
Conceptual Model: Detailed components and processes for each value set
Conceptual Model: Contribution of livestock to the values (synergies and trade-offs)
Social Local development
Production
Ecosystem services
Assess Social values
LGSystem
Society
Group Actor Relationship
LocalNetworking
SocialIntegration
SocialEntity
FamilyTribe
Capacity
SkillExperience Knowledge
Leadership HealthCare
OrganizationInstitutionInstitutionType
formal
unformal
Identity
Category
+ nom : string
Attribute
Role
Farmer
NGO/CSO
PolicyMaker Investor
ServiceProvider
Consumer
BasicService
VetService
FinancialService
Breeder
SocialFunction
Age Gender
SocialAttribute
Education Profession
Religion
SenseOfBelonging
Ritual
History
Rule
PastoralIdentity Ethnicity
Territory
Ecosystem
LandAccess GrazingRight SocialPositionAccess
1
from
1
1 to 1
*
*
access
1..* 1
qualifies
3..**
*
capacities
*
implements
1 *1
institutionType
1
*
defines1
1attributes
*
11
socialFunction
attributes
*
1
Training
Nb services
Nb credit
Farmer
Assess Production values LGSystem
+ efficiency : double
+ resilience : string+ vulnerability : string
Breeder
RangeLand
+ biomass : double+ surface : double
Product
+ name : string
Market
+ price : double
+ availability : double
Milk Meat
Leather
Wool
Manure
Operation
+ duration : double
+ cost : double+ labourForce : double
Transformation
Income
History
+ variability : double+ average : double
Stock
+ quantity : string
Herd
+ sanitaryStatus : string+ sexRatio : double
Animal
+ breed : string
QualityNorm
Quality
Storage
Marketing
Transportation Purchase
Institution
Breeding
Objective
AdvisoryService
FeedStuff
1
income
1
operations
1
*
*
position1
of
*
1
1
good
1
good
1
1
from
1
*
*
1
to
*
inputs
+
*
qualities
1
*
*
norms
1
*
1stocks
*
outputs
*
0..1objectives
*
*
0..1
availableServices
Liters/day
Kg Feed
$ / day
Farmer
Assess local development impact
LGSystem
Actor
LocalGovernment
Income
Competence
Activity
+ percentage : double
Strategy
Zoning
+ %grassland : double
Tax
NationalGovernment
Policy
Sector
Trade Agriculture IndustryService
Infrastructure
WaterInfrastructure TrailGrazingPath
FarmerMarket AnimalFarming
SlaughterHouse
+ volume : double
VetService AgriTourism
LiveStock
Suprastate
Role
Value Chain
Processor Consumer Producer Distributor Supplier
Agroindustry
Financial
StoreSubsidy
Breeder
Road
ServiceType
public
private
*
competences1
1 *
activities
0..1
*
roles
strategies1
*
* 1
requiredCompetences
1
*
sector
1
*policies
1
type
1
1on
1..*
1
*
breeds
roles
1
income
1
organization1 *
LGSystem
+ efficiency : double
+ resilience : string+ vulnerability : string
Breeder
RangeLand
+ biomass : double+ surface : double
Product
+ name : string
Market
+ price : double
+ availability : double
Milk Meat
Leather
Wool
Manure
Operation
+ duration : double
+ cost : double+ labourForce : double
Transformation
Income
History
+ variability : double+ average : double
Stock
+ quantity : string
Herd
+ sanitaryStatus : string+ sexRatio : double
Animal
+ breed : string
QualityNorm
Quality
Storage
Marketing
Transportation Purchase
Institution
Breeding
Objective
AdvisoryService
FeedStuff
1
income
1
operations
1
*
*
position1
of
*
1
1
good
1
good
1
1
from
1
*
*
1
to
*
inputs
+
*
qualities
1
*
*
norms
1
*
1stocks
*
outputs
*
0..1objectives
*
*
0..1
availableServices
Nb Livestock employment
GDP
Nb factories
Farmer
Assess ecosystem values
LGSystem
Actor Air
Plot
+ porosité : double
+ CEC : double
HydrographicElement
Breeder
WaterContainer
+ quantity : double
Gate
+ flux : double
LiveStock
+ quantity : integer
Strategy
MineralSoilFertilization
ManureStrategy
IrrigationStrategy
AccessStrategy
MobilityStrategy
HerdManagement
WaterUseStrategy
AnimalWaterAccessStrategy
Biomass
MineralCompositionOrganicComposition
Granulometry
BiomassActivity
Degradation
PhotoSynthesis
Respiration
Growth
GazComposition
Source SinkLiveStockActivity
Digestion
Excretion
Trampling
Grazing
LandUse
agroforestry
nativePasture
annualPasture
perennialPasture
pluriannualPasture
crop
ChemicalPollution
+ concentrationThreshold : string
OrganicPollution
+ C threshold : double
AirPollution
+ GHGThreshold : double
Biodiversity
Climate
+ temperature : double+ precipitation : double
PhysicalElement
Context
Activity
SoilPreparation
RegulationService
FirstIntervention
Specie
+ name : string
+ quantity : double
ForageSpecie
Lixiviation
Mineralization
*
1 1
1
1
strategies
1..*
1
biomass
1
1 1
texture
activities 11..*
1
gazComposition
*
1
1
organicComposition
1
*
position
1
1..*
activities 1
landuse
1
1
1basedOn
1
basedOn 1 basedOn 1
1
1
in
*
1
*
out
basedOn
*
1
*
1
mineralComposition
*
*connections
1
activity
1
1 1
context
1..*
1
activities
1basedOn
*
1populations*
1
activity
1
1
activity
1
Kg/ha
KgOM/ha
LU/ha
Biodiversity Nb sp /ha
Climate kgCO2Eq/ha
Farmer
Next steps
• Finalise a first version of the Multifunctionality Conceptual Model for Grassland Systems
• Test actions and options on ground that needs to manage synergies and trade-offs between functions
• From this MCM, Develop operational models for various stakeholders
(Policy makers; Development projects; Research programs)